Nutrition final study
The three main functions of nutrients include all the following?
- regulating biological processes in the body - contributing to the structure of the body - providing us with energy
The RDA for protein for adults is ____?
0.8 g protein/kg of body weight
What is a safe rate of weight loss for most overweight people?
1-2 lbs a week
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans promote a minimum of _____ minutes of moderate exercise weekly.
150
What percentage of Calories per day should come from fat for a 2000 Calories per day diet?
20-35
What percentage of the day's kcalories (AMDR) should be furnished by carbohydrates?
45-65
The amount of Calories per gram in carbohydrates; proteins; fats; and alcohol are _____?
4:4:9:7
To help maintain a healthy weight, the DRI suggests daily, low to moderate intensity physical activities totaling
60 mins
Using the RDA for protein, how much does a person weighing 220 pounds need daily?
80 grams
The recommended amounts of most micronutrients do not differ for boys and girls until about _____ years of age.
9
How many Calories are in one gram of fat?
9. proteins and carbs have 4
Pregnant women should consume _______ of caffeine a day.
<300mg
What is chyme?
A semiliquid mass of partially-digested food leaving the stomach
Fat-soluble vitamins are:
A, D, E, K
Which metabolic process makes more ATP?
AEROBIC METABOLISM
AMDRs
Acceptable Macronutrient (carbs protein fat) Distribution Ranges
When nutrients are consumed in excess, which one(s) can lead to storage of body fat?
All 3: Fat, carbohydrate, and protein
The _____monitor and investigate the incidence and causes of food-borne diseases.
CDC
Which characteristic best describes why olive oil is healthy and popular?
Contain high levels of monounsaturated fatty acids
Which food protein has the highest quality assortment of essential amino acids for humans' animal cells?
Egg white
Margarine is digested by which processes?
Emulsified by bile stored in the gallbladder and broken into fatty acids by lipases.
What is the function of bile?
Emulsifies fats to help their digestion
The ________________ regulates pesticides and herbicides used to grow food.
Environmental Protection Agency
The _____ ensures the safety and quality of foods sold across state lines with the exception of red meat, poultry, and egg products.
FDA
Frozen foods should be thawed at room temperature.
False
How do fat cells behave when a person overeats for an extended period of time?
Fat cells first increase in size then permanently increase in number.
_______ is needed for the synthesis of DNA and hence for cell division.
Folate
Which of the following statements about a woman who has gestational diabetes is FALSE?
Gestational diabetes is common in women who are underweight when they become pregnant
Which lists in correct order the 4 metabolic pathways of glucose?
Glycolysis, pyruvate to acetyl CoA, TCA cycle, electron transport chain
Which of the following women has a greater risk of hypertensive disorder during pregnancy?
Jenni, a 40 year old African American living in poverty
What is the best approach to weight loss?
Reduce daily kcalorie intake and increase kcalorie expenditure.
After swallowing, in what order does food pass through the regions of the GI tract?
Stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon
ULs
Suggest the maximum intake level to avoid the risk of adverse health effects
fortification
The addition of nutrients that are not naturally present
What is meant by the bioavailability of a vitamin in food?
The amount absorbed and subsequently used by the body
Which is an example of a structure-function claim on food labels?
This food will help normal body processes, such as "Builds a healthy heart".
Which agency enforces standards for wholesomeness and quality of red meat, poultry, and egg products produced in the USA or imported from other countries.
US Department of Agriculture
________ is essential for the regeneration of active forms of folate
Vit B12
Supplements of which fat-soluble vitamin can be toxic at only 2 to 4 times the RDA resulting in liver damage or birth defects?
Vitamin A
nutrient
a substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of life.
Which of the following is NOT a diuretic?
aldosterone
The end products of digestion (which are absorbed) for protein are:
amino acids
%DV
amount of nutrient in food per 2000 cal diet
enzyme for carbohydrates
amylase
The main function of vitamin E in the body is to act as a(n)
antioxidant
thiamin
b1
By not eating animal products, vegans have the most difficulty obtaining which nutrient?
b12
riboflavin
b2
niacin
b3
Which water-soluble vitamin is unusual because high levels from supplements can damage nerves?
b6
pyridoxine
b6
PKU can damage which organ?
brain
The early embryo (before 5 weeks of age) gets nourished by?
breaking down the lining of the uterus
Macronutrients
carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, water NOT vits
According to the AMDR, the majority of calories you eat should come from:
carbs
Which of the following is an "organic" nutrient?
carbs
Which is a very good source of the precursor for vitamin A?
carrots
Absorbed dietary fat is transported from the intestine through the lymphatic system and on into the bloodstream in large triglyceride-filled particles called
chylomicrons
What is a chief function of the B vitamins?
co-enzyme participation
According to the text, weight loss is best promoted by diets rich in
complex carbohydrates (high-fiber starches).
Phytochemicals
compounds in plant-derived foods
As children grow into adulthood, the amounts of protein and energy needed per kilogram of body weight _____, whereas the total amount of protein and energy needed _____ .
decrease; increase.
All are common causes of heartburn except
eating too slowly
Because the majority of cell differentiation occurs during the ____ phase, this is the time when exposure to teratogens can do the most damage.
embryonic
Which of the following body systems is not strengthened by aerobic exercise?
endocrine
Evaluating a patient's factors that influence his/her nutritional health is called a(an)?
epidemiological study
What structure prevents food from entering the trachea when you swallow?
epiglottis
A health claim, such as "lowers cholesterol", may be added to a label WITHOUT FDA approval.
false
Food cravings during pregnancy indicate that the pregnant woman is deficient in certain vitamins and minerals.
false
Under-nutrition, but not over-nutrition, is a major contributor to the global burden of chronic disease and disability.
false
Athletes need more of all the following macronutrients in their diet than does the general population, EXCEPT which one?
fats
Which provides the most energy (kcalories) per gram?
fats
Research has shown that the risk for neural tube defects is lowered by taking supplements of
folate
stores bile
gallbladder
Iodine is added to salt to prevent which nutritional deficiency?
goiter
In general, the nutrient needs of a pregnant teen are ______ the nutrient needs of a nonpregnant 39-year-old woman
greater than
A Nutritional Facts Panel is required by FDA to include all the following information EXCEPT:
health claims
Zoochemicals
health-promoting substances found in animal foods
Which of the following is NOT considered a component of a person's fitness?
heart rate
Older adults should consume a diet that is _______ in protein relative to calories as compared to that of younger adults.
higher
MyPlate
illustrates the appropriate portions of food
The need for most of the vitamins _____ during adolescence
increases
The primary mechanism by which moderate consumption of alcohol lowers cardiovascular disease risk is that it
increases HDL
A women who gains excess weight during her pregnancy increases risk for all of the following EXCEPT
infant being born with a low birth weight.
Which of the following would help with constipation?
insoluble fiber
Which hormone promotes fat storage?
insulin
What mineral is required more for athletes than for the general population?
iron
Absorbed fats are first transported from the intestines by:
lacteals of lymphatic system
During intense physical exercise, the fatigue and burning pain is due to accumulation of:
lactic acid
Which heavy metal is most dangerous in the human body?
lead
The weight of the body minus the fat content is known as
lean body mass
Which food can be added to rice, a grain, to get all the essential amino acids?
legumes (beans or peas)
enzyme for lipids
lipase
The 6 nutrient classes are carbohydrates, protein, ...
lipids, vitamins, minerals and water.
Which organ first receives newly-absorbed sugars transported from absorptive "gut" cells?
liver
produces bile
liver
Weight loss from a high protein diet may be due to ?
loss of body water
A high risk of heart attack correlates with high blood levels of
low-density lipoproteins
Which of the following represents the correct order of steps of the scientific method?
make an observation, develop a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, form a theory
The majority of food borne illnesses occur from consuming food that is contaminated by ____?
microbes
Eating dessert occasionally is an example of which health lifestyle choice?
moderation
DRIs
most current scientific knowledge on health populations
Chemical digestion of sugars begins in the ______?
mouth
Where does carbohydrate digestion occur?
mouth and small intestine
Carbohydrates are chemically digested in the ______; and primarily absorbed in the ______?
mouth and small intestine; small intestine
AIs
nutrient intakes when not enough data are avail to make RDAs
essential nutrients
nutrients necessary for normal body functioning that must be obtained from food
The top 3 causes of death in the US include stroke, cancer, and heart disease. All of these conditions are made worse by
obesity
Which organ secretes enzymes needed to digest all 3 nutrients carbohydrates, lipids and proteins?
pancreas
secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum
pancreas
enzyme for protein
pepsin and peptidases
What structure controls the passage of partially digested food from stomach into the small intestine?
pyloric valve
RDAs
recommended nutrient intakes that will meet the needs of almost all healthy people
Which is the best source of iron with the highest level of absorption?
red meat
Milk and milk products provide liberal amounts of which of the following vitamins?
riboflavin
secretes digestive enzymes into the mouth
salivary glands
Stearic acid is the most common saturated fatty acid in
salmon
What is the major site of absorption of the 3 nutrients that provide energy (kcalories)?
small intest
The three main functions of nutrients include all the following EXCEPT?
speeding up metabolism
To protect water-soluble vitamins, vegetables should be
steamed for a short time since vitamins are easily destroyed.
Chemical digestion of protein begins in the ____?
stomach
"Hitting the Wall" during exercise means?
stored glycogen has been depleted
Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of kwashiorkor?
swollen belly
control group
the group that does not receive the experimental treatment.
The AMDR of carbohydrates for children is ________ the AMDR for adults.
the same as
Weight gain recommendations for women vary most during the _____ trimester.
third
As intake rises above the UL, the likelihood of _____ increases.
toxicity
An oil that was partially hydrogenated changed its bond shape to an unhealthy
trans fat
A fit person has more muscle mass than an unfit person of the same height and weight.
true
Dietary supplements are regulated by laws for food, not those for drugs.
true
Fitness is a set of attributes related to the ability to perform routine physical activities without undue fatigue
true
Salmonella is the most common cause of food-borne illness in the United States.
true
Selenium may play a role in preventing some cancers.
true
The same rate of weight gain is recommended for women who are normal weight, underweight, or overweight at the start of pregnancy.
true
Which of the following statements illustrates the concept of variety?
trying a new veg every week
Calorie
unit of message of Amount of energy by food
Which of the following classes of nutrients DOES NOT provide energy to the body?
vitamins
Micronutrients
vitamins and minerals
What classes of nutrients are involved in forming and maintaining the structure of the body?
vits, mins, carbs
Which food has the higher glycemic index?
white bread