Nutrition final study

The three main functions of nutrients include all the following?

- regulating biological processes in the body - contributing to the structure of the body - providing us with energy

The RDA for protein for adults is ____?

0.8 g protein/kg of body weight

What is a safe rate of weight loss for most overweight people?

1-2 lbs a week

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans promote a minimum of _____ minutes of moderate exercise weekly.

150

What percentage of Calories per day should come from fat for a 2000 Calories per day diet?

20-35

What percentage of the day's kcalories (AMDR) should be furnished by carbohydrates?

45-65

The amount of Calories per gram in carbohydrates; proteins; fats; and alcohol are _____?

4:4:9:7

To help maintain a healthy weight, the DRI suggests daily, low to moderate intensity physical activities totaling

60 mins

Using the RDA for protein, how much does a person weighing 220 pounds need daily?

80 grams

The recommended amounts of most micronutrients do not differ for boys and girls until about _____ years of age.

9

How many Calories are in one gram of fat?

9. proteins and carbs have 4

Pregnant women should consume _______ of caffeine a day.

<300mg

What is chyme?

A semiliquid mass of partially-digested food leaving the stomach

Fat-soluble vitamins are:

A, D, E, K

Which metabolic process makes more ATP?

AEROBIC METABOLISM

AMDRs

Acceptable Macronutrient (carbs protein fat) Distribution Ranges

When nutrients are consumed in excess, which one(s) can lead to storage of body fat?

All 3: Fat, carbohydrate, and protein

The _____monitor and investigate the incidence and causes of food-borne diseases.

CDC

Which characteristic best describes why olive oil is healthy and popular?

Contain high levels of monounsaturated fatty acids

Which food protein has the highest quality assortment of essential amino acids for humans' animal cells?

Egg white

Margarine is digested by which processes?

Emulsified by bile stored in the gallbladder and broken into fatty acids by lipases.

What is the function of bile?

Emulsifies fats to help their digestion

The ________________ regulates pesticides and herbicides used to grow food.

Environmental Protection Agency

The _____ ensures the safety and quality of foods sold across state lines with the exception of red meat, poultry, and egg products.

FDA

Frozen foods should be thawed at room temperature.

False

How do fat cells behave when a person overeats for an extended period of time?

Fat cells first increase in size then permanently increase in number.

_______ is needed for the synthesis of DNA and hence for cell division.

Folate

Which of the following statements about a woman who has gestational diabetes is FALSE?

Gestational diabetes is common in women who are underweight when they become pregnant

Which lists in correct order the 4 metabolic pathways of glucose?

Glycolysis, pyruvate to acetyl CoA, TCA cycle, electron transport chain

Which of the following women has a greater risk of hypertensive disorder during pregnancy?

Jenni, a 40 year old African American living in poverty

What is the best approach to weight loss?

Reduce daily kcalorie intake and increase kcalorie expenditure.

After swallowing, in what order does food pass through the regions of the GI tract?

Stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon

ULs

Suggest the maximum intake level to avoid the risk of adverse health effects

fortification

The addition of nutrients that are not naturally present

What is meant by the bioavailability of a vitamin in food?

The amount absorbed and subsequently used by the body

Which is an example of a structure-function claim on food labels?

This food will help normal body processes, such as "Builds a healthy heart".

Which agency enforces standards for wholesomeness and quality of red meat, poultry, and egg products produced in the USA or imported from other countries.

US Department of Agriculture

________ is essential for the regeneration of active forms of folate

Vit B12

Supplements of which fat-soluble vitamin can be toxic at only 2 to 4 times the RDA resulting in liver damage or birth defects?

Vitamin A

nutrient

a substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of life.

Which of the following is NOT a diuretic?

aldosterone

The end products of digestion (which are absorbed) for protein are:

amino acids

%DV

amount of nutrient in food per 2000 cal diet

enzyme for carbohydrates

amylase

The main function of vitamin E in the body is to act as a(n)

antioxidant

thiamin

b1

By not eating animal products, vegans have the most difficulty obtaining which nutrient?

b12

riboflavin

b2

niacin

b3

Which water-soluble vitamin is unusual because high levels from supplements can damage nerves?

b6

pyridoxine

b6

PKU can damage which organ?

brain

The early embryo (before 5 weeks of age) gets nourished by?

breaking down the lining of the uterus

Macronutrients

carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, water NOT vits

According to the AMDR, the majority of calories you eat should come from:

carbs

Which of the following is an "organic" nutrient?

carbs

Which is a very good source of the precursor for vitamin A?

carrots

Absorbed dietary fat is transported from the intestine through the lymphatic system and on into the bloodstream in large triglyceride-filled particles called

chylomicrons

What is a chief function of the B vitamins?

co-enzyme participation

According to the text, weight loss is best promoted by diets rich in

complex carbohydrates (high-fiber starches).

Phytochemicals

compounds in plant-derived foods

As children grow into adulthood, the amounts of protein and energy needed per kilogram of body weight _____, whereas the total amount of protein and energy needed _____ .

decrease; increase.

All are common causes of heartburn except

eating too slowly

Because the majority of cell differentiation occurs during the ____ phase, this is the time when exposure to teratogens can do the most damage.

embryonic

Which of the following body systems is not strengthened by aerobic exercise?

endocrine

Evaluating a patient's factors that influence his/her nutritional health is called a(an)?

epidemiological study

What structure prevents food from entering the trachea when you swallow?

epiglottis

A health claim, such as "lowers cholesterol", may be added to a label WITHOUT FDA approval.

false

Food cravings during pregnancy indicate that the pregnant woman is deficient in certain vitamins and minerals.

false

Under-nutrition, but not over-nutrition, is a major contributor to the global burden of chronic disease and disability.

false

Athletes need more of all the following macronutrients in their diet than does the general population, EXCEPT which one?

fats

Which provides the most energy (kcalories) per gram?

fats

Research has shown that the risk for neural tube defects is lowered by taking supplements of

folate

stores bile

gallbladder

Iodine is added to salt to prevent which nutritional deficiency?

goiter

In general, the nutrient needs of a pregnant teen are ______ the nutrient needs of a nonpregnant 39-year-old woman

greater than

A Nutritional Facts Panel is required by FDA to include all the following information EXCEPT:

health claims

Zoochemicals

health-promoting substances found in animal foods

Which of the following is NOT considered a component of a person's fitness?

heart rate

Older adults should consume a diet that is _______ in protein relative to calories as compared to that of younger adults.

higher

MyPlate

illustrates the appropriate portions of food

The need for most of the vitamins _____ during adolescence

increases

The primary mechanism by which moderate consumption of alcohol lowers cardiovascular disease risk is that it

increases HDL

A women who gains excess weight during her pregnancy increases risk for all of the following EXCEPT

infant being born with a low birth weight.

Which of the following would help with constipation?

insoluble fiber

Which hormone promotes fat storage?

insulin

What mineral is required more for athletes than for the general population?

iron

Absorbed fats are first transported from the intestines by:

lacteals of lymphatic system

During intense physical exercise, the fatigue and burning pain is due to accumulation of:

lactic acid

Which heavy metal is most dangerous in the human body?

lead

The weight of the body minus the fat content is known as

lean body mass

Which food can be added to rice, a grain, to get all the essential amino acids?

legumes (beans or peas)

enzyme for lipids

lipase

The 6 nutrient classes are carbohydrates, protein, ...

lipids, vitamins, minerals and water.

Which organ first receives newly-absorbed sugars transported from absorptive "gut" cells?

liver

produces bile

liver

Weight loss from a high protein diet may be due to ?

loss of body water

A high risk of heart attack correlates with high blood levels of

low-density lipoproteins

Which of the following represents the correct order of steps of the scientific method?

make an observation, develop a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, form a theory

The majority of food borne illnesses occur from consuming food that is contaminated by ____?

microbes

Eating dessert occasionally is an example of which health lifestyle choice?

moderation

DRIs

most current scientific knowledge on health populations

Chemical digestion of sugars begins in the ______?

mouth

Where does carbohydrate digestion occur?

mouth and small intestine

Carbohydrates are chemically digested in the ______; and primarily absorbed in the ______?

mouth and small intestine; small intestine

AIs

nutrient intakes when not enough data are avail to make RDAs

essential nutrients

nutrients necessary for normal body functioning that must be obtained from food

The top 3 causes of death in the US include stroke, cancer, and heart disease. All of these conditions are made worse by

obesity

Which organ secretes enzymes needed to digest all 3 nutrients carbohydrates, lipids and proteins?

pancreas

secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum

pancreas

enzyme for protein

pepsin and peptidases

What structure controls the passage of partially digested food from stomach into the small intestine?

pyloric valve

RDAs

recommended nutrient intakes that will meet the needs of almost all healthy people

Which is the best source of iron with the highest level of absorption?

red meat

Milk and milk products provide liberal amounts of which of the following vitamins?

riboflavin

secretes digestive enzymes into the mouth

salivary glands

Stearic acid is the most common saturated fatty acid in

salmon

What is the major site of absorption of the 3 nutrients that provide energy (kcalories)?

small intest

The three main functions of nutrients include all the following EXCEPT?

speeding up metabolism

To protect water-soluble vitamins, vegetables should be

steamed for a short time since vitamins are easily destroyed.

Chemical digestion of protein begins in the ____?

stomach

"Hitting the Wall" during exercise means?

stored glycogen has been depleted

Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of kwashiorkor?

swollen belly

control group

the group that does not receive the experimental treatment.

The AMDR of carbohydrates for children is ________ the AMDR for adults.

the same as

Weight gain recommendations for women vary most during the _____ trimester.

third

As intake rises above the UL, the likelihood of _____ increases.

toxicity

An oil that was partially hydrogenated changed its bond shape to an unhealthy

trans fat

A fit person has more muscle mass than an unfit person of the same height and weight.

true

Dietary supplements are regulated by laws for food, not those for drugs.

true

Fitness is a set of attributes related to the ability to perform routine physical activities without undue fatigue

true

Salmonella is the most common cause of food-borne illness in the United States.

true

Selenium may play a role in preventing some cancers.

true

The same rate of weight gain is recommended for women who are normal weight, underweight, or overweight at the start of pregnancy.

true

Which of the following statements illustrates the concept of variety?

trying a new veg every week

Calorie

unit of message of Amount of energy by food

Which of the following classes of nutrients DOES NOT provide energy to the body?

vitamins

Micronutrients

vitamins and minerals

What classes of nutrients are involved in forming and maintaining the structure of the body?

vits, mins, carbs

Which food has the higher glycemic index?

white bread