Nutrition Hesi 2

2

A 2-day-old infant who weighs 6 lb (2722 g) is fed formula every 4 hours. Newborns require about 73 mL of fluid per pound (454 g) of body weight each day. In light of this information, approximately how much formula should the infant receive at each feeding? 1 1 to 2 oz (30 to 60 mL) 2 2 to 3 oz (60 to 90 mL) 3 3 to 4 oz (90 to 120 mL) 4 4 to 5 oz (120 to 150 mL)

3

A cachectic adolescent with the diagnoses of anorexia nervosa, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances is admitted to a mental health facility. The adolescent has been obsessed with weight, has exercised for hours every day, has taken enemas and laxatives several times a week, and has engaged in self-induced vomiting. What outcome is a priority for the nurse planning care for this client? 1 Identifying personal strengths 2 Controlling impulsive behaviors 3 Correcting electrolyte imbalances 4 Developing a contract for treatment goals

1

A client admitted to the emergency department has ketones in the blood and urine. Which situation associated with this physiologic finding should be the nurse's focus when collecting additional data about this client? 1 Starvation 2 Alcoholism 3 Bone healing 4 Positive nitrogen balance

645

A client drinks 7.5 oz (225 mL) of orange juice, 6 oz (180 mL) of tea, and 8 oz (240 mL) of eggnog. How many milliliters of fluid should the nurse document that the client has consumed? Record your answer using a whole number. ___ mL

3

A client experiences elevated triglycerides and cholesterol. The client appears discouraged and says, "Well, I guess I'd better cut out all the fat and cholesterol in my diet." Which is the nurse's most appropriate response? 1 "Well, yes, that will certainly lower the amount of your blood fats." 2 "That's good, but be sure to compensate by adding more carbohydrates." 3 "You need some fat to supply the necessary fatty acids, so it's mainly just a need to cut down on the amount of fat you consume." 4 "You need some cholesterol in your diet because your body cannot manufacture it, so just avoid excessive amounts."

3

A client is admitted to the mental health unit with the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. What typical signs and symptoms of anorexia nervosa does the nurse expect the client to exhibit? 1 Slow pulse, mild weight loss, and alopecia 2 Compulsive behaviors, excessive fears, and nausea 3 Amenorrhea, excessive weight loss, and abdominal distention 4 Excessive activity, memory lapses, and an increase in the pulse rate

1

A client is to receive total parenteral nutrition (TPN). To administer TPN, which piece of equipment is most important for the nurse to obtain? 1 Infusion pump 2 Tall intravenous (IV) pole 3 Clamp taped at the bedside 4 Infusion set delivering 60 drops/mL

4

A client with a history of food intolerance has abdominal pain, abdominal distention, and a feeling of fullness. The client is admitted to the hospital for diagnostic testing. What specific information should the nurse collect when performing the nursing admission history and physical? 1 Client's food preferences 2 Presence of clay-colored stools 3 Amount of splinting by the client 4 Detailed characteristics of the pain

1

A client with biliary cirrhosis receives serum albumin therapy. What is the most effective method for the nurse to evaluate the client's response to therapy? 1 Weight daily 2 Vital signs frequently 3 Urine output every half hour 4 Urine albumin level every shift

3

A client with cyclothymic disorder with hypomanic symptoms is admitted to the psychiatric unit. The client has progressively lost weight and does not take the time to eat the provided food. How can the nurse best respond to this situation? 1 By providing a tray in the client's room 2 By assuring the client that food is deserved 3 By ordering food that the client can hold and eat while moving around 4 By pointing out that the client must replace the energy burned by eating

1

A monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) is prescribed, and the nurse is formulating a teaching plan. What will the nurse instruct the client to avoid while taking this drug? 1 Fermented foods 2 Prolonged sun exposure 3 Strenuous physical exercise 4 Over-the-counter antihistamine drugs

4

A new mother wishes to breast-feed her infant and asks the nurse whether she needs to alter her diet. How should the nurse respond? 1 "Eat as you have been during your pregnancy." 2 "Drink a lot of milk—the added calcium will help you make milk." 3 "Your body produces the milk your baby needs as a result of the vigorous suckling." 4 "You'll need greater amounts of the same foods you've been eating and more fluids.

4

A nurse educates a group of mothers about the nutritional needs of preschoolers. What statement made by a mother indicates the need for further teaching? 1 "I should give my child a variety of foods." 2 "I should increase the protein in my child's diet." 3 "I should be concerned about my child's weight gain." 4 "I should limit my child's calorie intake to 1,200 per day."

2

A nurse evaluates a client's understanding regarding oral contraceptives and concludes teaching is successful when the client states, "While I'm taking birth control pills I should increase my intake of foods containing" what nutrient? 1 Calcium 2 Folic acid 3 Vitamin A 4 Vitamin D

2,3,5

A nurse is discussing the diet of an 8-month-old infant with the parents. Which foods can an infant of this age on a regular diet safely be fed? Select all that apply. 1 Whole milk 2 Pureed pears 3 Pureed carrots 4 Soft-boiled eggs 5 Mashed sweet potatoes

3

A nurse is giving discharge instructions to the parents of a 5-year-old child who is recovering from surgery. What food should the nurse recommend that will ensure maintenance of a positive nitrogen balance? 1 Orange slices 2 Bacon sandwich 3 Hamburger on a bun 4 Chicken soup with carrots

3

A nurse is teaching menu planning to a client who has a high triglyceride level. Which item avoided by the client indicates that teaching about foods that are high in saturated fat is understood? 1 Fruits 2 Grains 3 Red meat 4 Vegetable oils

2

A nurse plans to discuss childhood nutrition with a group of parents whose children have Down syndrome in an attempt to minimize a common nutritional problem. What problem should be addressed? 1 Rickets 2 Obesity 3 Anemia 4 Rumination

1

A nurse teaches a client about osteoporosis. Which client statement supports the nurse's conclusion that the teaching is effective? 1 "I know that certain illnesses can affect my body's calcium level." 2 "I think I can eat all the calcium I need rather than taking medication." 3 "I will begin to actively monitor my risk for this disease after menopause." 4 "I'm glad that drinking a little wine every day is advised to maintain calcium levels.

2,3,6

A nurse teaches a pregnant woman about the need to increase her intake of complete proteins. Which foods identified by the client indicate that the teaching is effective? Select all that apply 1 Nuts 2 Milk 3 Eggs 4 Bread 5 Beans 6 Cheese

4

A strict vegetarian (vegan) becomes pregnant and asks the nurse whether there is anything special she should do in regard to her diet during pregnancy. What is the most important measure for the nurse to instruct the client to take? 1 Eat at least 40 g/day of protein. 2 Drink at least 1 quart/day of milk. 3 Take a vitamin supplemented with iron every day. 4 Plan to eat from specific groups of vegetable proteins each day

4

A woman with bipolar disorder, manic episode, has been spending thousands of dollars on clothing and makeup. She has been partying in bars every night and rarely sleeps or eats. The nurse in the outpatient clinic, knowing that this client rarely eats, recognizes that her eating problems most likely result from what? 1 Feelings of guilt 2 Need to control others 3 Desire for punishment 4 Excessive physical activity

4

A young client who is experiencing stress at a new job turns to food for comfort and induces vomiting to keep from gaining weight. When the binge-purge behaviors begin to interfere with the client's ability to meet job responsibilities, the client visits the local mental health clinic. The priority nursing assessment during the initial appointment is the client's level of what? 1 Insight 2 Boredom 3 Loneliness 4 Depression

1

The nurse is giving nutritional counseling to the parents of an 8-month-old infant. Which statement does the nurse include in the counseling? 1 "Avoid peanuts and eggs in your baby's diet." 2 "Avoid giving puréed vegetables to your baby." 3 "You can give low-fat cow's milk to your baby." 4 "You can give pasteurized whole cow's milk to your baby."

1

The nurse provides nutritional counseling to the parents of a 6-month-old formula-fed infant who will begin eating solid foods. Which statement by a parent indicates understanding of the nurse's advice? 1 "I'll keep giving him formula instead of regular cow's milk." 2 "I'll buy plenty of pureed spinach so she gets enough iron." 3 "Using a natural sweetener like honey is better than using table sugar." 4 "Baby food is sterilized, so it's better to feed directly from the jar than from a bowl.

4

The parents of a 3-month old infant who is breastfed ask the nurse how to prevent nutritional anemia. What is the best response by the nurse? 1 Supplemental iron will not be needed for the first year. 2 Solid foods need not be introduced until 7 or 8 months of age. 3 Anemia will not develop as long as the infant is gaining weight. 4 Baby cereal or an iron supplement should be given around 4 months of age

1,4,5

What suggestion should the nurse provide to the mother whose child has had constipation for three days? Select all that apply 1 Give laxatives to the child. 2 Reduce the child's fluid intake. 3 Include dairy products in the child's diet daily. 4 Increase the child's physical activity. 5 Include food with a high fiber content in the child's diet

1,3

Which instructions given to a client with renal calculi would be most beneficial? Select all that apply 1 "Drink plenty of water." 2 "Have spinach soup every day." 3 "Substitute lemon juice for tea." 4 "Include high amounts of protein in the diet." 5 "Consume foods rich in omega-3-fatty acids."

2

Which statement by a client scheduled for bariatric surgery indicates to the nurse that further preoperative teaching is necessary? 1 "I need to eat more high-protein foods." 2 "I'm going to have a figure like a model in about a year." 3 "I'm going to be out of bed and sitting in a chair the first day after surgery." 4 "I will be limiting my intake to 600 to 800 calories a day once I start eating again

4

Which suggestion should the nurse offer to parents who are concerned about caring for their toddler? 1 Refrain from giving more than five cups of milk a day. 2 Allow the toddler to choose a time to take medicine. 3 Let the toddler watch television if the parent is busy. 4 Encourage the toddler to drink from two-handled cups