Chemical Compounds

(Saturated, Unsaturated, or Aromatic) Air fresheners and mothballs contain this type of hydrocarbon.

aromatic

(Saturated, Unsaturated, or Aromatic) Many medicines are manufactured using this type of hydrocarbon.

aromatic

(Saturated, Unsaturated, or Aromatic) Most are based on benzene.

aromatic

Bases have a _____ taste and feel _____.

bitter, slippery

Making cement

calcium hydroxide

Nucleic acids are composed of atoms of _____, _____, _____, _____, and _____.

carbon, phosphorus, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Organic compounds are composed of _____ molecules.

carbon-based

The "bite" in soft drinks

carbonic acid

In orange juice

citric acid

(Simple/Complex) Bread, cereal, and pasta

complex

(Simple/Complex) Many sugar molecules bonded together

complex

(Simple/Complex) Stored, extra sugar

complex

A _____ is a repeating three-dimensional pattern of ions.

crystal lattice

(T/F) In a crystal lattice, each ion is surrounded by and bonded to ions with the same charge.

false

(T/F) Proteins are all the same size and shape.

false

(T/F) RNA contains the information to make DNA.

false

(T/F) RNA is the only genetic material in the cell.

false

(T/F) The cell membrane is mostly made up of three layers of phospholipid molecules.

false

(T/F) The head of a phospholipid molecule is a long carbon backbone composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

false

(T/F) There are actually only a few kinds of chemical compounds

false

Animals tend to store lipids as _____.

fats

The protein in your blood that carries oxygen to all parts of your body is called _____.

hemoglobin

Ionic compounds have a (high/ low) melting point

high

Algae preventative

hydrochloric acid

Digestion

hydrochloric acid

When an acid in placed in water, the number of hydrogen ions, H+, _____. These extra hydrogen ions combine with ____ molecules to form _____ ions.

increases, water, hydronium

Treating heartburn

magnesium hydroxide

Rubber production

nitric acid

Plants tend to store lipids as _____.

oils

Food preservation

organic acid

Living things need a steady _____ in their environment.

pH

Three examples of weak acids are

phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, citric acid

The _____ ion of a base and the _____ ion of an acid can combine to form a(n) _____ compound called a salt.

positive, negative, ionic

What are three functions of proteins?

regulate chemical activities, transport and store materials, provide support

What does insulin do?

regulate the level of sugar in your blood

(Saturated, Unsaturated, or Aromatic) Each carbon atom shares a single bond with four other atoms.

saturated

(Saturated, Unsaturated, or Aromatic) No atoms can be added without replacing an atom that is part of the hydrocarbon.

saturated

(Saturated, Unsaturated, or Aromatic) Propane is this type of hydrocarbon.

saturated

Ionic compounds (are hard to break/ shatter easily)

shatter easily

(Simple/Complex) Fruits and honey

simple

(Simple/Complex) One or a few sugar molecules bonded together

simple

(Simple/Complex) Produced by plants through photosynthesis

simple

When sodium reacts with chlorine, _____ forms.

sodium chloride

Unclogging drains and making soap

sodium hydroxide

Ionic compounds are (solid/ liquid) at room temperature

solid

Ionic compounds have (strong bonds/ weak bonds)

strong bonds

Which is not a lipid: candle, chicken fat, sugar, or corn oil?

sugar

Paper and paint production

sulfuric acid

Three examples of strong acids are

sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid

(T/F) A base is strong when all the molecules break apart in water to produce hydroxide ions.

true

(T/F) A substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or a base is called an indicator.

true

(T/F) An acid is strong if all its molecules break apart in water produce hydrogen ions.

true

(T/F) An ionic bond forms where electrons are transferred from metal atoms to nonmetal atoms

true

(T/F) Biochemicals are organic compounds made by living things.

true

(T/F) Carbohydrates are biochemicals.

true

(T/F) Carbohydrates are one or more simple sugars bonded together.

true

(T/F) Carbohydrates are sources of energy.

true

(T/F) Carbon atoms are able to bond with up to four other atoms.

true

(T/F) Chemical compounds are all around us

true

(T/F) Chemical compounds are composed of molecules or ions

true

(T/F) Chemical compounds have different kinds of bonds

true

(T/F) Covalent compounds are composed of independent particles called molecules.

true

(T/F) Covalent compounds form when atoms of two elements share electrons.

true

(T/F) Covalent compounds have weaker bonds than ions in a crystal lattice.

true

(T/F) Lipids store energy, make up cell membranes, and do not dissolve in water.

true

(T/F) Most solutions that contain molecules of covalent compounds do not conduct and electric current.

true

(T/F) Phospholipid molecules help control the movement of chemicals into or out of the cell.

true

(T/F) RNA is involved in protein-building

true

(T/F) Salt can keep the roads ice-free in winter.

true

(T/F) Sodium nitrate is used in food preservation.

true

(T/F) Some large proteins help control the transport or materials into and out of cells.

true

(T/F) The shape adopted by the bonded amino acids determines the function of the protein.

true

(T/F) The two types of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA.

true

(T/F) The wall of your room may contain calcium sulfate.

true

(T/F) Water is attracted to the heads of phospholipid molecules.

true

_____ ionic compounds cannot conduct an electric current

undissolved

(Saturated, Unsaturated, or Aromatic) At least two carbon atoms share a double or a triple bond.

unsaturated

(Saturated, Unsaturated, or Aromatic) Ethene helps ripen fruit.

unsaturated

Lemon changes the color of tea because the lemon contains a substance called a(n) _____.

acid

H+ ions of a(n) _____ and OH- ions of a(n) _____ combine to form the compound we know as _____.

acid, base, H20

A solution with a pH of 3 is _____.

acidic

Antifreeze

alcohol

Refrigerant

alkyl halide

Biochemicals composed of _____ are called proteins.

amino acids

Household cleaning

ammonia

Ionic compounds are (difficult/ easy) to dissolve in water

easy

Lipids store excess _____ in the body.

energy

Fragrance

ester

(T/F) Acids react with all metals to produce hydrogen gas.

false

(T/F) All organic compounds are made of only carbon and hydrogen.

false

(T/F) Bases increase the number of hydrogen ions in a solution.

false

(T/F) Blue litmus paper tests for the presence of bases.

false

(T/F) Calcium chloride is used to season your food.

false

(T/F) Covalent compounds have a higher melting point than ionic compounds

false

(T/F) DNA molecules can only store a tiny amount of information due to their small size.

false