nutrition midterm 2

Roberta consumes an average of 1800 kcal/day. She would like to follow the recommendation concerning added sugars intake that is highlighted in the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Based on this information, Roberta should limit her added sugar intake to less than ____ kcal/day.

180

Sondra is allergic to raw fruit. When she eats fresh apples, for example, her lips soon begin to swell and feel like they've been burned. Although she can't eat fresh fruit, she can consume cooked, canned, or juiced forms of fruit. According to the USDA, she can substitute ___ of canned applesauce for 2 small fresh apples.

2 cups

Although Alfonzo doesn't like many kinds of vegetables, he is willing to eat more servings of nutrient-dense, raw leafy vegetables each day. According the the USDA, Alfonzo can count ____ as a serving of a vegetable.

2 cups of raw spinach

According to the package label, a bottle of a sugar-sweetened soft drink contains 32 ounces, and each 8-ounce serving of the drink provides 50 kcal. While eating lunch, Jared consumed the contents of an entire bottle of the drink. Based on this information, how many total kcal of the drink did he consume?

200 calories

According to the package label, a bag of potato chips weighs 24 ounces and each 8-ounce serving of the chips provides 170 kcal. While eating lunch, Lori consumed the contents of an entire bag of the chips. Based on this information, how many total kcal of the chips did she consume?

510 kcal

Linda just finished taking the antibiotics prescribed by her physician to treat a bacterial infection. Linda is interested in using dietary supplements that contain probiotics and yogurt to re-establish the normal balance of beneficial bacteria in her colon. What should Linda look for on the container label when she is shopping for yogurt?

A statement that the product contains live and active cultures

Which of the following functions is not a role of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that involves food labeling?

Allowing a food manufacturer to claim that a food is "low-calorie" because it provides 100 kcal or less per serving

What feature is required on labels of dietary supplements?

FDA disclaimer if the FDA has not reviewed a claim.

Which of the following cellular activities is an example of catabolism

Muscle cells breaking down glucose to release heat

Which of the following cellular activities is an example of anabolism?

Skin cells using protein to replace burned skin tissue

Ryan is taking nutrition class and learning about the digestive process. When he learned that after a meal, the contents of the stomach become very acidic, he wondered why the acid in the stomach doesn't digest the organ. Why doesn't the acid break down the stomach's lining and cause holes to form in the stomach's walls?

The stomach is lined with a layer of mucus that protects it.

Defecation reflexes are stimulated by the presence of feces in the rectum.

True

Which of the following foods is an example of an "enriched" food?

Uncooked white rice that has iron added to it

The digestive system not only processes the foods we eat, but it is also the site of some bacterial nutrient production. Which of the following nutrients are produced by certain bacteria that live in the large intestine?

Vitamin K and biotin

The stomach

churns food, mixing it with gastric juice.

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into

chylomicrons.

Devon has a rare condition characterized by the lack of saliva-producing cells. Based on this information, Devon probably has

difficulty swallowing

Small pouches that form in the lining of the large intestine and can trap bacteria and feces are called

diverticula

Tia experiences acid reflux from time to time. To help prevent bouts of acid reflux, Tia should take all of the following steps, except

drink milk and cream with meals.

All of the following are factors that increase the risk of peptic ulcers, except

eating fatty foods

If your body does not secrete bile after you eat a meal, your intestinal tract would have difficulty absorbing which of the following substances?

fat

Last night, Sara ate French fries, fried fish, and creamy cole slaw. For dessert, she had a chocolate milk shake. About an hour after eating this food, she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain. Based on this information, Sara probably has

gallstones

Jillian drinks a couple of beers and smokes over a pack of cigarettes daily. Even though she's about 40 pounds overweight, she likes to wear tight-fitting clothes. Based on this information, Jillian has a high risk of developing

gastroesophageal reflux disease

The _____ helps form feces by absorbing some excess water and minerals from chyme.

large intestine

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome usually includes making dietary changes and

learning how to manage stress

Coretta has chronic heartburn. To reduce her risk of developing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), her physician recommended that she

lose excess body fat

Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi. Based on this information, you would expect Marcus to _____ while he has this illness.

lose weight rapidly

To produce the maximum amount of energy from the breakdown of macronutrients, human cells require

oxygen

Waves of muscular activity help propel food material through the digestive tract. This muscular action is called

peristalsis

Most nutrient absorption occurs in the

small intestine

Maria developed malnutrition after having an infection that severely damaged her

small intestive

Nelson is a college freshman living on his own for the first time. He eats out a lot at fast food restaurants and snacks on foods that are high in empty calories from the vending machines on campus. Nelson spends much of his time sitting in classes or working online. Lately he has been noticing symptoms of constipation. All of the following recommendations might help Nelson alleviate his constipation, except

spend more of his leisure time resting

Salivary glands secrete an enzyme that enables a minor amount of _____ to be digested in the mouth.

starch

Hydrochloric acid is secreted in the

stomach

When she sampled a spoonful of hot soup, Bekha burnt the tip of her tongue. During the 24 hours that followed the injury, Bekha had difficulty detecting foods that tasted

sweet

For the past few months, Jon hasn't been feeling well. His stomach hurts; he doesn't have any energy; and he often feels like he's going to vomit. He has no interest in eating, so he's lost several pounds. Yesterday, he went to the student health center, because he had bloody diarrhea. Based on this information, Jon should be tested for _____.

ulcerative colitiis

Antonio has severe heartburn. To reduce his risk of having frequent heartburn and developing esophageal cancer, his physician recommended that he

avoid overeating during meals

After attending a summertime picnic, 24-year-old Samantha developed severe diarrhea. Which of the following treatments should she use to treat her condition?

consume watery fluids that contain sodium, potassium, and simple sugars

Amanda is a three-year-old who has a disease that affects the functioning of her pancreas. Based on this information, she

has difficulty digesting food

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter

lacteals within the villi.

According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, healthy people should limit their sodium intake to _____ mg per day?

2300 mg

Jackson consumes an average of 2600 kcal/day. He would like to follow the recommendation concerning added sugars intake that is highlighted in the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Based on this information, Jackson should limit his added sugar intake to less than ____ kcal/day.

260

During the digestive process, food or chyme doesn't pass through which of the following structures?

Liver

What organ produces bile?

Liver