nutrition midterm

When glucose is split in half, it yields two molecules of: a. acetate b. water c. monosaccharides d. pyruvate oxidation

B. Water

When consumed in excess, all of the following can be converted to body fat except; a. Sugar b. Corn oil c. Alcohol d. Vitamin C

d. Vitamin C

In the process of hydrogenation of a fat, hydrogen atoms are added to which part of the molecule: a. oxygen b. glycerol c. other hydrogens d. carbon

d. carbon

Which of the following is a common source of medium-chain fatty acids? a.Fish oils b.Beef products c.Vegetable oils d.Dairy products

d.Dairy products

What element is found in proteins but not in carbohydrates and fats? a.Carbon b.Oxygen c.Calcium d.Nitrogen

d.Nitrogen

Which of the following most accurately describes the term organic? a.Products sold at health food stores b.Products grown without use of pesticides c.Foods having superior nutrient qualities d.Substances with carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds

d.Substances with carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds

Which of the following is a characteristic of essential fatty acids? a) Cholesterol is an example of an essential fatty acid. b) All omega-3 fatty acids are essential fatty acids. c) The body cannot make these at all or in sufficient quantities to meet the body's need. d) They are metabolized at an extremely high rate as compared to other compounds.

b) All omega-3 fatty acids are essential fatty acids.

Which of the following foods is the lowest in cholesterol? a) Chicken b) Peanut butter c) Low fat yogurt d) Salmon

b) Peanut butter

An enzyme that digests lipids is: a) amylase b) lipase c) protease d) pepsin

b) lipase

If a person consumes 65 grams of protein and a total of 2600 kcals per day, what percent of calories are coming from protein? a. 7 b. 10 c. 14 d. 20

b. 10

There are approximately how many different amino acids? a. 9 b. 20 c. 33 d. 10

b. 20

One gram of alcohol provides a. 4 kcals b. 7kcals c. 9 kcals d. 0 kcals

b. 7kcals

The body's usual response to the detection of antigens is to produce what? a. Red blood cells b. Antibodies c. Fat d. None of the above

b. Antibodies

The lower esophageal sphincter is also known as the: a. Reflux restrainer b. Cardiac sphincter c. Perihepatic control valve d. Bile duct

b. Cardiac sphincter

36. What is a common sign in a child with Kwashiorkor? a. Extremely thin all over b. Enlarged, swollen belly c. Extremely active d. Can eat large amounts of food at one time

b. Enlarged, swollen belly

What are cellulose, pectin, and lignin? a. Proteins b. Fibers c. Fats d. Artificial sweeteners

b. Fibers

What structure controls the passage of material from the small intestine to the large intestine? a. Pyloric valve b. Ileocecal valve c. Colonic sphincter d. Jejunal sphincter

b. Ileocecal valve

What is the primary organ that oxidizes alcohol? a. Pancreas b. Liver c. Colon d. Stomach

b. Liver

What organ can make cholesterol? a. Stomach b. Liver c. Pancreas d. Appendix

b. Liver

An aerobic reaction is one that requires; a. Alcohol b. Oxygen c. Nitrogen d. Ammonia

b. Oxygen

Most fats that are solid at room temperature are considered? a. Monounsaturated b. Saturated c. Polyunsaturated d. Omega-3s

b. Saturated

Which part of the digestive tract contains HCL? a. Mouth b. Stomach c. Small intestines d. Large intestines

b. Stomach

A serving of meat should be: a. The size of your plate b. The size of the palm of your hand c. The size of a golf ball d. The size of a baseball

b. The size of the palm of your hand

The following amino acids are linked together: glycine-lysine-valine. This is called: a. Dipeptide b. Tripeptide c. Polypeptide d. Oligopeptide

b. Tripeptide

Which of the following does NOT yield energy? a. Fat b. Vitamin c. Sugar alcohol d. Alcohol

b. Vitamin

Methionine, threonine, tryptophan are names of; a. lipids b. amino acids c. fatty acids d. proteins

b. amino acids

A chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, usually resulting from insufficient or ineffective insulin. a. hypocholesterolemia b. diabetes c. crohn's disease d. diverticulitis

b. diabetes

A substance that is repelled by water a. hydrophilic b. hydrophobic c. hydrogen d.hydrogenation

b. hydrophobic

The condition of elevated ketones in the urine is called a. ketosis b. ketonuria c. ketonemia d. acidosis

b. ketonuria

Which organ crushes food and mixes it with saliva? a. Stomach b. mouth c. teeth d. pharynx

b. mouth

When an enzyme is used in a chemical reaction in the body it is; a. forms ATP b. remains unchanged c. is degraded into a substance containing less energy d. only breaks down substances

b. remains unchanged

The lipid in food that influences blood cholesterol the most is; a. cholesterol b. saturated fat c. unsaturated fat d. polyunsaturated fat

b. saturated fat

How much energy is required to raise the temperature of one kilogram (liter) of water 1° C? a.10 calories b.1 kilocalorie c.10,000 calories d.1000 kilocalories

b.1 kilocalorie

Which of the following defines a coenzyme? a.A unit consisting of an enzyme bound to reactants plus ATP b.An organic molecule required for the functioning of an enzyme c.The small, active part of an enzyme that binds to the organic reactants d.An inactive enzyme that becomes functional upon contact with specific cofactors

b.An organic molecule required for the functioning of an enzyme

Which of the following describes the sum of all chemical reactions that go on in living cells? a.Digestion b.Metabolism c.Absorption d.Catabolism

b.Metabolism

What amino acid is classified as conditionally essential when dietary intake of phenylalanine is insufficient or the body cannot normally metabolize phenylalanine? a.Cysteine b.Tyrosine c.Glutamine d.Isoleucine

b.Tyrosine

Which of the following would not lessen the amount of fat consumed? a) Choosing chicken instead of beef b) Consuming fewer eggs c) Eating fruit instead of vegetables d) Switching to low-fat milk from whole milk

c) Eating fruit instead of vegetables

Which of the following is not a function of fat in foods? a) Aroma b) Flavor c) Grittiness d) Texture

c) Grittiness

________, when consumed in the diet, can help reduce blood cholesterol levels. a) Animal fat b) Calcium c) Plant sterols d) Vitamin D

c) Plant sterols

Examples of unsaturated fatty acids include: a) coconut oil b) corn oil c) palm oil d) plant sterols

c) corn oil

The majority of lipid digestion occurs in the: a) gallbladder b) large intestine c) small intestine d) stomach

c) small intestine

Our own unique sequence of proteins is called: a. mRNA b. tRNA c. DNA d. gRNA

c. DNA

Which of the following is known as fruit sugar? a. Maltose b. Glucose c. Fructose d. Galactose

c. Fructose

Nutrient dense means; a. High in calories b. High in protein c. High in nutrients d. High in taste

c. High in nutrients

Which of the following protein sources is the highest quality? a. Beans b. Rice c. Meat d. Gelatin

c. Meat

A vegetarian who is lacto-ovo eats which animal derived products? a. Anything but red meat b. Fish c. Milk products and eggs d. No animal products at all

c. Milk products and eggs

What type of fatty acid is found in high amounts in olive oil? a. Saturated b. Polyunsaturated c. Monounsaturated d. None of the above

c. Monounsaturated

Which of the following would describe the state of nitrogen balance of a person who ingested 16g of food nitrogen and lost 19g of nitrogen a. Equilibrium b. Positive balance c. Negative balance d. Exogenous balance

c. Negative balance

An omega-6 fatty acid has the first double bond on which carbon molecule? a. The 3rd b. The 9th c. The 6th d. None of the above

c. The 6th

What compound is composed of 3 fatty acids and glycerol? a. Steroid b. Protein c. Triglyceride d. Sterol

c. Triglyceride

An example of a polyunsaturated fat would be; a. Butter b. Meat c. Vegetable oil d. Fish

c. Vegetable oil

After a mouthful of food has been swallowed, it is called: a. a crypt b. chyme c. a bolus d. stool

c. a bolus

The disease phenylketonuria is related to the abnormal metabolism of a. soy b. omega-3 fatty acids c. a certain amino acid d. a polysaccharide

c. a certain amino acid

Which of the following foods contains no cholesterol? a. ice cream b. steak c. baked potato d. bacon

c. baked potato

A monosaccharide that is sometimes known as blood sugar in the body or dextrose in foods a. galactose b. fructose c. glucose d. maltose

c. glucose

Proteins differ from other energy nutrients in that they contain a. carbon b. oxygen c. nitrogen d. hydrogen

c. nitrogen

An enzyme that hydrolyzes proteins is called a. bile b. pancreatic amylase c. protease d. lipase

c. protease

__________ is needed in the body to make vitamin D, bile acids, and cortisol. a) Cholesterol b) Triglyceride c) Phospholipid d) Lipase

a) Cholesterol

The average healthy adult requires how much protein? a. 0.8g/kg b. 2g/kg c. 5g/kg d. 10g/kg

a. 0.8g/kg

Which of the following can be synthesized from all three energy-yielding nutrients? a. Acetyl CoA b. Lactate c. Glycogen d. Oxaloacetate

a. Acetyl CoA

Building blocks of proteins are called; a. Amino acids b. Dipepetides c. Sterols d. None of the above

a. Amino acids

What term is specific to reactions in which simple compounds are combined into more complex molecules? a. Anabolic b. Catabolic c. Ergogenic d. Gluconeogenic

a. Anabolic

Which of the following is an anthropometic measure? a. Body weight b. Blood iron level c. Food intake information d. Brittle nails

a. Body weight

Which nutrients are digested in the small intestine? a. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins b. fat, water, and fiber c. protein, vitamins, and fiber d. water, fiber and minerals

a. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

What is the name given to partially digested food in the stomach? a. Chyme b. Liquid food c. Gastric mucus d. Amylase

a. Chyme

Which type of protein is involved in scar formation? a. Collagen b. Albumin c. Hemoglobin d. Ferritin

a. Collagen

A person with chronic diarrhea is at risk for what? a. Dehydration b. Constipation c. Peptic ulcers d. Low blood sugar

a. Dehydration

ATP generates what? a. Energy b. Fat c. Enzymes d. Stabilizers

a. Energy

Which of the following outlines the overall sequence of events in the complete oxidation of glucose? a. Glycolysis, TCA cycle, electron transport chain b. Cori cycle, TCA cycle, glycolysis c. Electron transport chain, TCA, glycolysis d. TCA cycle, cori cycle, electron transport chain

a. Glycolysis, TCA cycle, electron transport chain

The "good " cholesterol in the body is known as: a. HDL b. LDL c. VLDL d. Chylomicron

a. HDL

The process of altering an unsaturated fat to have the consistency of a saturated fat is called; a. Hydrogenation b. Digestion c. Deamination d. Denaturation

a. Hydrogenation

When a person performs intense exercise and begins to feel fatigued and a burning sensation in their muscles, what is the cause? a. Lactic acid b. Glucose c. Citric acid d. Fatty acids

a. Lactic acid

What is the most metabolically active organ in the body? a. Liver b. Stomach c. Pancreas d. Gallbladder

a. Liver

What is the most likely reason for a person to have abnormally high blood ammonia levels? a. Liver dysfunction b. Kidney dysfunction c. Protein intake twice the RDA d. Protein intake 1/10th the RDA

a. Liver dysfunction

Glycogen is stored primarily where? a. Muscle and liver b. Pancreas and kidneys c. Stomach and intestines d. Brain and red blood cells

a. Muscle and liver

According to the diabetic exchange lists, which of the following is NOT considered a vegetable? a. Peas b. Eggplant c. Carrots d. Zucchini

a. Peas

The living bacteria found in yogurt are known as; a. Probiotics b. Postbiotics c. H. Pylori d. Prebiotics

a. Probiotics

Pyruvate is converted to lactate in: a. anaerobic pathway b. aerobic pathway c. glycolysis d. pyruvate oxidation

a. anaerobic pathway

A carbohydrate rich food like bread; a. contains a mixture of the three energy nutrients b. contains no protein c. contains no protein or fat d. contains only carbohydrates and fat

a. contains a mixture of the three energy nutrients

Tissue swelling that results from water accumulating between the cells is known as a. edema b. acidosis c. alkalosis d. antibodies

a. edema

Foods that are low in nutrient density are: a. empty kcal foods b. vegetables c. those that deliver protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals with few calories d. low fat foods

a. empty kcal foods

Disaccharides include a. lactose b. galactose c. glucose d. fructose

a. lactose

A polypeptide is; a. many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds b. composed of glucose and amino acids c. many fatty acids linked by peptide bonds d. many glucose molecules linked together

a. many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds

Exchange lists group foods according to a. protein, fat and carbohydrate content b. water content c. vitamin content d. mineral content

a. protein, fat and carbohydrate content

Energy is stored in the body for future use as; a. triglycerides b. glycerol c. cholesterol d. sterols

a. triglycerides

How many double bonds are present in stearic acid? a.0 b.1 c.2 d.3

a.0

Gram for gram, which of the following provides the most energy? a.Fats b.Alcohol c.Proteins d.Carbohydrates

a.Fats

Which of the following is not one of the six classes of nutrients? a.Fiber b.Protein c.Minerals d.Vitamins

a.Fiber

Which of the following is classified as a micronutrient? a.Iron b.Protein c.Alcohol d.Carbohydrate

a.Iron

Which of the following is an example of a macronutrient? a.Protein b.Calcium c.Vitamin C d.Vitamin D

a.Protein

Oil that is partially hydrogenated sometimes changes one or more of its double bond configurations from a.cis to trans. b.solid to liquid. c.covalent to ionic. d.saturated to unsaturated

a.cis to trans.

Which of the following describes a fatty acid that has one double bond? a.Saturated b.Hydrogenated c.Monounsaturated d.Polyunsaturated

c.Monounsaturated

What is meant by the amino acid sequence of a protein? a.Number of side chains in the protein b.Folding arrangement of the peptide chain c.Order of amino acids in the peptide chain d.Order of only the essential amino acids in the protein

c.Order of amino acids in the peptide chain

An essential nutrient is one that cannot be a.found in food. b.degraded by the body. c.made in sufficient quantities by the body. d.used to synthesize other compounds in the body.

c.made in sufficient quantities by the body.

Which of the following is not an essential fatty acid? a) Alpha-linoleic acid b) Linoleic acid c) Omega-6 fatty acid d) Trans fatty acid

d) Trans fatty acid

The best-known phospholipid used by the food industry to prevent oil from separating from other ingredients is ________. a) bile b) cholesterol c) egg yolk d) lecithin

d) lecithin

When nutrients are consumed in excess, which one(s) can lead to storage of fat? a. Fat b. Carbohydrates c. Protein d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following dietary nutrients would most rapidly reverse a state of ketosis in a starving person? a. Fat b. Protein c. Amino acids d. Carbohydrates

d. Carbohydrates

What is the process by which heat or acidity changes the shape of a protein chain? a. Digestion b. Condensation c. Hydrogenation d. Denaturation

d. Denaturation

The serving size on a label a. Varies among brands b. Is the same for the same type of foods c. Is always for one cup d. none of the above

A. Varies among brands