nutrition midterm
When glucose is split in half, it yields two molecules of: a. acetate b. water c. monosaccharides d. pyruvate oxidation
B. Water
When consumed in excess, all of the following can be converted to body fat except; a. Sugar b. Corn oil c. Alcohol d. Vitamin C
d. Vitamin C
In the process of hydrogenation of a fat, hydrogen atoms are added to which part of the molecule: a. oxygen b. glycerol c. other hydrogens d. carbon
d. carbon
Which of the following is a common source of medium-chain fatty acids? a.Fish oils b.Beef products c.Vegetable oils d.Dairy products
d.Dairy products
What element is found in proteins but not in carbohydrates and fats? a.Carbon b.Oxygen c.Calcium d.Nitrogen
d.Nitrogen
Which of the following most accurately describes the term organic? a.Products sold at health food stores b.Products grown without use of pesticides c.Foods having superior nutrient qualities d.Substances with carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds
d.Substances with carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds
Which of the following is a characteristic of essential fatty acids? a) Cholesterol is an example of an essential fatty acid. b) All omega-3 fatty acids are essential fatty acids. c) The body cannot make these at all or in sufficient quantities to meet the body's need. d) They are metabolized at an extremely high rate as compared to other compounds.
b) All omega-3 fatty acids are essential fatty acids.
Which of the following foods is the lowest in cholesterol? a) Chicken b) Peanut butter c) Low fat yogurt d) Salmon
b) Peanut butter
An enzyme that digests lipids is: a) amylase b) lipase c) protease d) pepsin
b) lipase
If a person consumes 65 grams of protein and a total of 2600 kcals per day, what percent of calories are coming from protein? a. 7 b. 10 c. 14 d. 20
b. 10
There are approximately how many different amino acids? a. 9 b. 20 c. 33 d. 10
b. 20
One gram of alcohol provides a. 4 kcals b. 7kcals c. 9 kcals d. 0 kcals
b. 7kcals
The body's usual response to the detection of antigens is to produce what? a. Red blood cells b. Antibodies c. Fat d. None of the above
b. Antibodies
The lower esophageal sphincter is also known as the: a. Reflux restrainer b. Cardiac sphincter c. Perihepatic control valve d. Bile duct
b. Cardiac sphincter
36. What is a common sign in a child with Kwashiorkor? a. Extremely thin all over b. Enlarged, swollen belly c. Extremely active d. Can eat large amounts of food at one time
b. Enlarged, swollen belly
What are cellulose, pectin, and lignin? a. Proteins b. Fibers c. Fats d. Artificial sweeteners
b. Fibers
What structure controls the passage of material from the small intestine to the large intestine? a. Pyloric valve b. Ileocecal valve c. Colonic sphincter d. Jejunal sphincter
b. Ileocecal valve
What is the primary organ that oxidizes alcohol? a. Pancreas b. Liver c. Colon d. Stomach
b. Liver
What organ can make cholesterol? a. Stomach b. Liver c. Pancreas d. Appendix
b. Liver
An aerobic reaction is one that requires; a. Alcohol b. Oxygen c. Nitrogen d. Ammonia
b. Oxygen
Most fats that are solid at room temperature are considered? a. Monounsaturated b. Saturated c. Polyunsaturated d. Omega-3s
b. Saturated
Which part of the digestive tract contains HCL? a. Mouth b. Stomach c. Small intestines d. Large intestines
b. Stomach
A serving of meat should be: a. The size of your plate b. The size of the palm of your hand c. The size of a golf ball d. The size of a baseball
b. The size of the palm of your hand
The following amino acids are linked together: glycine-lysine-valine. This is called: a. Dipeptide b. Tripeptide c. Polypeptide d. Oligopeptide
b. Tripeptide
Which of the following does NOT yield energy? a. Fat b. Vitamin c. Sugar alcohol d. Alcohol
b. Vitamin
Methionine, threonine, tryptophan are names of; a. lipids b. amino acids c. fatty acids d. proteins
b. amino acids
A chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, usually resulting from insufficient or ineffective insulin. a. hypocholesterolemia b. diabetes c. crohn's disease d. diverticulitis
b. diabetes
A substance that is repelled by water a. hydrophilic b. hydrophobic c. hydrogen d.hydrogenation
b. hydrophobic
The condition of elevated ketones in the urine is called a. ketosis b. ketonuria c. ketonemia d. acidosis
b. ketonuria
Which organ crushes food and mixes it with saliva? a. Stomach b. mouth c. teeth d. pharynx
b. mouth
When an enzyme is used in a chemical reaction in the body it is; a. forms ATP b. remains unchanged c. is degraded into a substance containing less energy d. only breaks down substances
b. remains unchanged
The lipid in food that influences blood cholesterol the most is; a. cholesterol b. saturated fat c. unsaturated fat d. polyunsaturated fat
b. saturated fat
How much energy is required to raise the temperature of one kilogram (liter) of water 1° C? a.10 calories b.1 kilocalorie c.10,000 calories d.1000 kilocalories
b.1 kilocalorie
Which of the following defines a coenzyme? a.A unit consisting of an enzyme bound to reactants plus ATP b.An organic molecule required for the functioning of an enzyme c.The small, active part of an enzyme that binds to the organic reactants d.An inactive enzyme that becomes functional upon contact with specific cofactors
b.An organic molecule required for the functioning of an enzyme
Which of the following describes the sum of all chemical reactions that go on in living cells? a.Digestion b.Metabolism c.Absorption d.Catabolism
b.Metabolism
What amino acid is classified as conditionally essential when dietary intake of phenylalanine is insufficient or the body cannot normally metabolize phenylalanine? a.Cysteine b.Tyrosine c.Glutamine d.Isoleucine
b.Tyrosine
Which of the following would not lessen the amount of fat consumed? a) Choosing chicken instead of beef b) Consuming fewer eggs c) Eating fruit instead of vegetables d) Switching to low-fat milk from whole milk
c) Eating fruit instead of vegetables
Which of the following is not a function of fat in foods? a) Aroma b) Flavor c) Grittiness d) Texture
c) Grittiness
________, when consumed in the diet, can help reduce blood cholesterol levels. a) Animal fat b) Calcium c) Plant sterols d) Vitamin D
c) Plant sterols
Examples of unsaturated fatty acids include: a) coconut oil b) corn oil c) palm oil d) plant sterols
c) corn oil
The majority of lipid digestion occurs in the: a) gallbladder b) large intestine c) small intestine d) stomach
c) small intestine
Our own unique sequence of proteins is called: a. mRNA b. tRNA c. DNA d. gRNA
c. DNA
Which of the following is known as fruit sugar? a. Maltose b. Glucose c. Fructose d. Galactose
c. Fructose
Nutrient dense means; a. High in calories b. High in protein c. High in nutrients d. High in taste
c. High in nutrients
Which of the following protein sources is the highest quality? a. Beans b. Rice c. Meat d. Gelatin
c. Meat
A vegetarian who is lacto-ovo eats which animal derived products? a. Anything but red meat b. Fish c. Milk products and eggs d. No animal products at all
c. Milk products and eggs
What type of fatty acid is found in high amounts in olive oil? a. Saturated b. Polyunsaturated c. Monounsaturated d. None of the above
c. Monounsaturated
Which of the following would describe the state of nitrogen balance of a person who ingested 16g of food nitrogen and lost 19g of nitrogen a. Equilibrium b. Positive balance c. Negative balance d. Exogenous balance
c. Negative balance
An omega-6 fatty acid has the first double bond on which carbon molecule? a. The 3rd b. The 9th c. The 6th d. None of the above
c. The 6th
What compound is composed of 3 fatty acids and glycerol? a. Steroid b. Protein c. Triglyceride d. Sterol
c. Triglyceride
An example of a polyunsaturated fat would be; a. Butter b. Meat c. Vegetable oil d. Fish
c. Vegetable oil
After a mouthful of food has been swallowed, it is called: a. a crypt b. chyme c. a bolus d. stool
c. a bolus
The disease phenylketonuria is related to the abnormal metabolism of a. soy b. omega-3 fatty acids c. a certain amino acid d. a polysaccharide
c. a certain amino acid
Which of the following foods contains no cholesterol? a. ice cream b. steak c. baked potato d. bacon
c. baked potato
A monosaccharide that is sometimes known as blood sugar in the body or dextrose in foods a. galactose b. fructose c. glucose d. maltose
c. glucose
Proteins differ from other energy nutrients in that they contain a. carbon b. oxygen c. nitrogen d. hydrogen
c. nitrogen
An enzyme that hydrolyzes proteins is called a. bile b. pancreatic amylase c. protease d. lipase
c. protease
__________ is needed in the body to make vitamin D, bile acids, and cortisol. a) Cholesterol b) Triglyceride c) Phospholipid d) Lipase
a) Cholesterol
The average healthy adult requires how much protein? a. 0.8g/kg b. 2g/kg c. 5g/kg d. 10g/kg
a. 0.8g/kg
Which of the following can be synthesized from all three energy-yielding nutrients? a. Acetyl CoA b. Lactate c. Glycogen d. Oxaloacetate
a. Acetyl CoA
Building blocks of proteins are called; a. Amino acids b. Dipepetides c. Sterols d. None of the above
a. Amino acids
What term is specific to reactions in which simple compounds are combined into more complex molecules? a. Anabolic b. Catabolic c. Ergogenic d. Gluconeogenic
a. Anabolic
Which of the following is an anthropometic measure? a. Body weight b. Blood iron level c. Food intake information d. Brittle nails
a. Body weight
Which nutrients are digested in the small intestine? a. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins b. fat, water, and fiber c. protein, vitamins, and fiber d. water, fiber and minerals
a. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
What is the name given to partially digested food in the stomach? a. Chyme b. Liquid food c. Gastric mucus d. Amylase
a. Chyme
Which type of protein is involved in scar formation? a. Collagen b. Albumin c. Hemoglobin d. Ferritin
a. Collagen
A person with chronic diarrhea is at risk for what? a. Dehydration b. Constipation c. Peptic ulcers d. Low blood sugar
a. Dehydration
ATP generates what? a. Energy b. Fat c. Enzymes d. Stabilizers
a. Energy
Which of the following outlines the overall sequence of events in the complete oxidation of glucose? a. Glycolysis, TCA cycle, electron transport chain b. Cori cycle, TCA cycle, glycolysis c. Electron transport chain, TCA, glycolysis d. TCA cycle, cori cycle, electron transport chain
a. Glycolysis, TCA cycle, electron transport chain
The "good " cholesterol in the body is known as: a. HDL b. LDL c. VLDL d. Chylomicron
a. HDL
The process of altering an unsaturated fat to have the consistency of a saturated fat is called; a. Hydrogenation b. Digestion c. Deamination d. Denaturation
a. Hydrogenation
When a person performs intense exercise and begins to feel fatigued and a burning sensation in their muscles, what is the cause? a. Lactic acid b. Glucose c. Citric acid d. Fatty acids
a. Lactic acid
What is the most metabolically active organ in the body? a. Liver b. Stomach c. Pancreas d. Gallbladder
a. Liver
What is the most likely reason for a person to have abnormally high blood ammonia levels? a. Liver dysfunction b. Kidney dysfunction c. Protein intake twice the RDA d. Protein intake 1/10th the RDA
a. Liver dysfunction
Glycogen is stored primarily where? a. Muscle and liver b. Pancreas and kidneys c. Stomach and intestines d. Brain and red blood cells
a. Muscle and liver
According to the diabetic exchange lists, which of the following is NOT considered a vegetable? a. Peas b. Eggplant c. Carrots d. Zucchini
a. Peas
The living bacteria found in yogurt are known as; a. Probiotics b. Postbiotics c. H. Pylori d. Prebiotics
a. Probiotics
Pyruvate is converted to lactate in: a. anaerobic pathway b. aerobic pathway c. glycolysis d. pyruvate oxidation
a. anaerobic pathway
A carbohydrate rich food like bread; a. contains a mixture of the three energy nutrients b. contains no protein c. contains no protein or fat d. contains only carbohydrates and fat
a. contains a mixture of the three energy nutrients
Tissue swelling that results from water accumulating between the cells is known as a. edema b. acidosis c. alkalosis d. antibodies
a. edema
Foods that are low in nutrient density are: a. empty kcal foods b. vegetables c. those that deliver protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals with few calories d. low fat foods
a. empty kcal foods
Disaccharides include a. lactose b. galactose c. glucose d. fructose
a. lactose
A polypeptide is; a. many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds b. composed of glucose and amino acids c. many fatty acids linked by peptide bonds d. many glucose molecules linked together
a. many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds
Exchange lists group foods according to a. protein, fat and carbohydrate content b. water content c. vitamin content d. mineral content
a. protein, fat and carbohydrate content
Energy is stored in the body for future use as; a. triglycerides b. glycerol c. cholesterol d. sterols
a. triglycerides
How many double bonds are present in stearic acid? a.0 b.1 c.2 d.3
a.0
Gram for gram, which of the following provides the most energy? a.Fats b.Alcohol c.Proteins d.Carbohydrates
a.Fats
Which of the following is not one of the six classes of nutrients? a.Fiber b.Protein c.Minerals d.Vitamins
a.Fiber
Which of the following is classified as a micronutrient? a.Iron b.Protein c.Alcohol d.Carbohydrate
a.Iron
Which of the following is an example of a macronutrient? a.Protein b.Calcium c.Vitamin C d.Vitamin D
a.Protein
Oil that is partially hydrogenated sometimes changes one or more of its double bond configurations from a.cis to trans. b.solid to liquid. c.covalent to ionic. d.saturated to unsaturated
a.cis to trans.
Which of the following describes a fatty acid that has one double bond? a.Saturated b.Hydrogenated c.Monounsaturated d.Polyunsaturated
c.Monounsaturated
What is meant by the amino acid sequence of a protein? a.Number of side chains in the protein b.Folding arrangement of the peptide chain c.Order of amino acids in the peptide chain d.Order of only the essential amino acids in the protein
c.Order of amino acids in the peptide chain
An essential nutrient is one that cannot be a.found in food. b.degraded by the body. c.made in sufficient quantities by the body. d.used to synthesize other compounds in the body.
c.made in sufficient quantities by the body.
Which of the following is not an essential fatty acid? a) Alpha-linoleic acid b) Linoleic acid c) Omega-6 fatty acid d) Trans fatty acid
d) Trans fatty acid
The best-known phospholipid used by the food industry to prevent oil from separating from other ingredients is ________. a) bile b) cholesterol c) egg yolk d) lecithin
d) lecithin
When nutrients are consumed in excess, which one(s) can lead to storage of fat? a. Fat b. Carbohydrates c. Protein d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Which of the following dietary nutrients would most rapidly reverse a state of ketosis in a starving person? a. Fat b. Protein c. Amino acids d. Carbohydrates
d. Carbohydrates
What is the process by which heat or acidity changes the shape of a protein chain? a. Digestion b. Condensation c. Hydrogenation d. Denaturation
d. Denaturation
The serving size on a label a. Varies among brands b. Is the same for the same type of foods c. Is always for one cup d. none of the above
A. Varies among brands