Nutrition midterm HCC holmes Mrs. Burrell
Tom has an increased risk of atherosclerosis
A blood test showed that Tom's level of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) is 210 mg/dl. What is the potential health implication of this condition? Tom has an increased risk of atherosclerosis. Tom has a decreased risk of atherosclerosis. Tom should keep his consumption of trans fats to less than 7% of total energy. Tom should adopt a very low fat diet (less than 10% of total energy).
diverticulosis.
A disorder of the large intestine characterized by infected and inflamed pockets forming in the intestinal wall is lactose intolerance. diverticulosis. colon cancer. metabolic disorder.
saturated, long-chain fatty acid.
A fatty acid made up of a 16-carbon chain with no double carbon bonds is called a(n) saturated, medium-chain fatty acid. saturated, short-chain fatty acid. saturated, long-chain fatty acid. unsaturated, long-chain fatty acid.
fiber
Bran is the part of a grain kernel that is very high in water. healthful fats. fiber. protein.
functional tolerance
Chronic drinkers may show few signs of impairment or intoxication even at high blood alcohol levels. This condition is known as hepatic efficiency. alcohol tolerance. metabolic tolerance. functional tolerance.
phospholipids and proteins
Chylomicrons are soluble in water. Which component of their outer surface gives them this characteristic? carbohydrates bile phospholipids and proteins triglycerides
storage protein.
Ferritin found in the liver is an example of a(n) transport protein. storage protein. enzyme. neurotransmitter
deficiency of lactase.
Lactose intolerance is due to a(n) deficiency of lactase. allergy to casein (milk protein). deficiency of healthy bacteria in the GI tract. deficiency of lactose.
glucose
Red blood cells and the brain rely on which of the following for energy? short-chain fatty acids glycerol glucose glucagon
amine group.
The part of the protein molecule that carries nitrogen is the amine group. side chain. acid group. hydrogen group.
oligosaccharides and polysaccharides
The term complex carbohydrates refers to monosaccharides. oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. glucose. disaccharides.
marasmus.
The type of protein-energy malnutrition characterized by a general lack of protein, energy, and nutrients in the diet is called sickle cell anemia. kwashiorkor. cystic fibrosis. marasmus.
small intestine
The vast majority of fat digestion and absorption occurs in the small intestine. large intestine. liver. stomach.
enzymes that break down proteins
What are proteases? defense proteins that attack foreign bacteria, viruses, and toxins transport proteins that move substances throughout the body protein messengers that are released from storage in response to an alteration in the body's homeostasis enzymes that break down proteins
nitrogen
What element makes protein different from carbohydrate and fat? nitrogen oxygen carbon hydrogen
cytosine
Which of the following is a nucleotide base in DNA? cytosine isoleucine valine threonine
increased HDL cholesterol
Which of the following is a potential health benefit of moderate alcohol consumption? appetite suppression decreased HDL cholesterol increased LDL cholesterol increased HDL cholesterol
tuna
Which of the following is a source of complete proteins? broccoli whole-grain bread apple tuna fish
walnut oil
Which of the following is the BEST source of heart-healthy fats? bacon cream cheese whole milk walnut oil
type 2
Which of the following is the most prevalent form of diabetes? type 2 pediatric type 1 gestational
Treatment always involves insulin therapy.
Which of the following is true regarding type 1 diabetes? Treatment always involves insulin therapy. It is diagnosed only in individuals under the age of 20. Treatment is limited to the use of hypoglycemic medications. Its increased prevalence is linked to the rise in obesity.
crossiant
Which of the following is typically high in both unhealthful saturated fat and trans fatty acid? Greek-style yogurt peanut butter roasted pork croissant
Consume more dietary fiber
Which of the following might a doctor recommend to reduce a patient's risk for diverticulosis? Eliminate insoluble dietary fiber. Consume more white bread and other refined foods. Consume a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet. Consume more dietary fiber.
Consume more dietary fiber.
Which of the following might a doctor recommend to reduce a patient's risk for diverticulosis? Eliminate insoluble dietary fiber. Consume more white bread and other refined foods. Consume a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet. Consume more dietary fiber.
consume more diatery fiber
Which of the following might a doctor recommend to reduce a patient's risk for diverticulosis? Eliminate insoluble dietary fiber. Consume more white bread and other refined foods. Consume a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet. Consume more dietary fiber.
flaxseed oil
Which of the following provides both omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids? flaxseed oil chicken butter ground beef
black beans
Which of the following provides incomplete protein? milk egg whites black beans chicken
sterols
Which of the following substances is classified as a lipid? sterols glycogen alpha carbons phosphates
Saturated
Which type of dietary fat is known to elevate blood cholesterol levels? monounsaturated docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) saturated polyunsaturated
trans
Which type of fatty acid has hydrogen atoms attached on diagonally opposite sides of a double carbon bond? saturated cis trans monounsaturated
omega-3 fatty acid
Which type of lipid is MOST abundantly found in fatty fish or fish oils? saturated fatty acid cholesterol omega-3 fatty acid omega-6 fatty acid
two monosaccharides
A disaccharide is formed by the chemical bonding of one monosaccharide and one polysaccharide. two monosaccharides. two polysaccharides. two oligosaccharides.
monounsaturated, medium-chain fatty acid.
A fatty acid with a 10-carbon chain and one double carbon bond is characterized as a monounsaturated, medium-chain fatty acid. monounsaturated, long-chain fatty acid. saturated, medium-chain fatty acid. saturated, long-chain fatty acid.
amount of its limiting amino acid compared to the amount of the same amino acid in a reference food.
A food's chemical score gives an estimate of its protein quality based on the proportion of protein as compared to carbohydrate and fat that the food contains. amount of its limiting amino acid compared to the amount of the same amino acid in a reference food. number of essential amino acids the food provides. Calories from protein expressed as a percentage of the total Calories a serving of the food contains.
is considered pre-diabetic.
A person who has been diagnosed with impaired fasting glucose has type 2 diabetes. has very low levels of insulin. is considered pre-diabetic. has type 1 diabetes.
Eating smaller and more frequent meals
A person with reactive hypoglycemia can control the condition by switching to alternative sweeteners. eliminating dairy products from his or her diet. eating smaller, more frequent meals. administration of insulin by injection or pump.
easily digestible
A protein is considered high quality if it is high in carbohydrates. high in triglycerides. easily digestible. derived from plants.
may have just as many Calories as a regular chocolate cookie.
A sugar-free chocolate cookie is likely to be almost Calorie-free. is likely to have significantly more Calories than a regular chocolate cookie. may have just as many Calories as a regular chocolate cookie. will always have far fewer Calories than a regular chocolate cookie.
three fatty acids and one glycerol.
A triglyceride is comprised of three glycerols and one phospholipid. three phospholipids and one glycerol. three glycerols and one fatty acid. three fatty acids and one glycerol.
taking aspirin or IB brophen
Alcohol consumption, even at a moderate level, increases the risk for gastrointestinal bleeding if the drinker is taking resveratrol supplements. taking aspirin or ibuprofen. a diabetic using insulin. on an antidepressant.
7
Alcohol provides how many kcal/g of energy? 7 4 9 5
drinks a glass of wine every day.
All of the following are indicators of someone who has alcohol use disorder except become defensive or hostile when asked about their use of alcohol. drinks a glass of wine every day. initiation of secretive behaviors when consuming alcohol. the appearance of tremors or other signs of withdrawal.
vegetarian diet is best.
All of the following are reasons people become vegetarian except ecological benefits. health benefits. vegetarian diet is best. religious.
reduce intake of high fat foods and increase intake of refined carbohydrates.
American Cancer Society recommends the following diet and lifestyle changes to reduce risk of cancer except stop smoking. maintain a healthy body weight and avoid weight gain. limit consumption of processed meats. reduce intake of high fat foods and increase intake of refined carbohydrates.
neurotransmitters.
Amino acids from proteins are used to make epinephrine and norepinephrine, which serve as neurotransmitters. antibodies. triglycerides. enzymes.
35%
Approximately what percentage of American college students are overweight or obese, and therefore at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes? 15% 25% 45% 35%
have a reduced risk for heart disease.
As compared to people who eat meat, people who consume a balanced vegetarian diet are more likely to smoke. are more likely to experience constipation. have a reduced risk for heart disease. have an increased exposure to carcinogen
carbon
At the center of each amino acid is a single atom of sulfur. potassium. carbon. oxygen.
exersise
Blood levels of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) are decreased by exercise. extra Calories. simple sugars. dietary cholesterol.
impaired glucose regulation
Diabetes is essentially a condition of excessive insulin excretion. impaired glucose regulation. inadequate glucose excretion. inadequate production of glucagon.
increased blood cholesterol levels.
Diets high in trans fatty acids are MOST associated with decreased cancer risk. decreased blood glucose levels. osteoporosis. increased blood cholesterol levels.
increased blood cholesterol levels.
Diets high in trans fatty acids are MOST associated with decreased cancer risk. decreased blood glucose levels. osteoporosis. increased blood cholesterol levels.
monoacylglyceride.
During triglyceride digestion, two fatty acids are removed and the resulting molecule is called a diglyceride. phospholipid. monoacylglyceride. glycerol.
eicosanoids
Essential fatty acids (EFAs) are precursors needed to produce which type of biological compounds? cholesterols enzymes carbohydrates eicosanoids
its a diurtic
Excessive alcohol consumption can cause dizziness and lightheadedness due to fluid and electrolyte imbalances because alcohol is a diuretic. is a sedative. has an inflammatory effect in the body. takes a long time to digest.
messenger RNA.
For gene expression to occur, a gene's DNA must replicate. This replica is called messenger RNA. ribosome. nucleotides. transfer RNA.
kidney beans (28)
Hector, who has type 2 diabetes, is looking through the pantry for a snack. Using the glycemic index as a guide, identify which of the following is the BEST choice to help Hector maintain a more stable glucose level. (Glycemic index values are listed in parentheses.) Rice Krispies (82) kidney beans (28) jelly beans (78) white rice (56)
protein.
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are so named because of their high proportion of protein. liquid. cholesterol. carbohydrates.
the number of molecules of which they are made up
How do simple carbohydrates differ from complex carbohydrates? the type of atoms of which they are composed the type of bonds joining them their digestibility the number of molecules of which they are made up
micelles.
Most lipid digestion products are transported to the mucosal lining of the small intestine in spherical compounds called chylomicrons. monoglycerides. high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). micelles.
amalase
One class of enzymes that breaks down carbohydrates is lipase. peptidase. carbohydrase. amylase.
amylase
One class of enzymes that breaks down carbohydrates is lipase. peptidase. carbohydrase. amylase.
more than double the AI of omega-3 fatty acids.
One tablespoon of fish oil, which contains more than 4 grams of alpha-linolenic acid, provides half the Adequate Intake (AI) of omega-3 fatty acids. more than double the AI of omega-3 fatty acids. half the AI of omega-6 fatty acids. more than double the AI of omega-6 fatty acids.
starch
Plants store glucose in the form of the complex carbohydrate starch. lipids. glucagon. glycogen.
stomach.
Protein digestion begins in the mouth. pancreas. small intestine. stomach.
Increase dietary fiber intake, especially from oat bran, beans, and fruits.
Public health organizations recommend which of the following strategies to prevent or reduce the risk for heart disease? Maintain high blood glucose levels. Consume two glasses of wine per day. Avoid plant sterols. Increase dietary fiber intake, especially from oat bran, beans, and fruits.
5
The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for linoleic acid is at least what percentage of daily energy intake? 2 14 17 5
14
The Adequate Intake (AI) for fiber is 14 g/1000 kcal per day. 25 g/100 kcal per day. 38 g per day for both men and women. 25 g per day for men.
he or she is sober, shortly after an alcohol-related incident.
The BEST time to encourage a friend or family member with a drinking problem to seek help is when other family members and friends are upset enough to join you in confronting the person with their concerns. he or she has started drinking again a few weeks after an alcohol-related incident. you are certain that you're ready to walk away if the person doesn't take your advice. he or she is sober, shortly after an alcohol-related incident.
triglycerides.
The MOST common lipids found in food are glycerols. sterols. triglycerides. phospholipids.
soft drinks
The MOST common source of added sugar in the U.S. diet is chocolate bars. alcoholic beverages. soft drinks/sodas. fruits.
small intestine.
The absorption of amino acids occurs in the large intestine. small intestine. stomach. liver.
frutose
The absorption of which monosaccharide does NOT require energy? glucose maltose galactose fructose
limiting amino acid.
The amino acid that is missing or in the smallest supply is called the essential amino acid. minor amino acid. incomplete amino acid. limiting amino acid.
triglycerides.
The body stores lipids as triglycerides. phospholipids. sterols. glycerols.
glycogen
The complex carbohydrate that is the storage form of glucose in animals is glucagon. glycogen. lipids. starch.
complete abstinence
The current alcohol consumption recommendation for pregnant women is beer and wine only. complete abstinence. clear-colored spirits only. only one drink per day.
mircovilli
The digestive enzymes that break disaccharides into monosaccharides are located in the colon. microvilli. saliva. stomach.
alcohol dehydrogenase
The first step in alcohol metabolism is triggered by alcohol oxidase. aldehyde dehydrogenase. alcohol dehydrogenase. glucokinase.
sickle cell anemia
The genetic disorder caused by a single amino acid error in hemoglobin is called sickle cell anemia. cystic fibrosis. marasmus. phenylketonuria (PKU).
vitamin d
The liver's ability to activate which of the following micronutrients may be impaired by chronic excessive alcohol consumption? iodine vitamin C vitamin D sodium
congeners
The non-alcoholic components found in red wine, brandy, and whiskey that may cause some of the symptoms of a hangover are called enzymes. congeners. teratogens. oxidants.
amine group
The part of the protein molecule that carries nitrogen is the amine group. side chain. acid group. hydrogen group.
cholesterol esterase.
The primary enzyme for digesting cholesterol esters in the small intestine is called cholesterol esterase. amylase. lingual lipase. pancreatic lipase.
cholesterol ester.
The primary form in which dietary cholesterol occurs is as cholesterol ester. phospholipid. omega-6 fatty acid. free cholesterol.
maintain blood glucose
The primary function of liver glycogen is to store fat. maintain blood glucose. synthesize glycoproteins. provide energy for digestion.
lecithins.
The primary phosphate-containing emulsifiers in bile are called bicarbonate. cholecystokinin (CCK). electrolytes. lecithins.
protein turnover.
The process in which the body makes new proteins and breaks down existing proteins is known as phenylketonuria (PKU). protein expression. denaturation. protein turnover.
hydrogenation.
The process of adding hydrogen to an unsaturated fatty acid is called pressurization. hydrogenation. deamination. emulsification.
mutual supplementation
The process of combining two incomplete proteins to make a complete protein is called amino-acid sequencing method. complementary supplementation. mutual supplementation. the protein-combining method.
urea
The process of deamination produce ammonia which is a toxic compound. Ammonia is quickly converted into what waste product? carbon dioxide urea ketones free fatty acid
transcription.
The process of mRNA copying the genetic information from the DNA's base sequence is called transcription. translation. transferring. transamination.
transamination.
The process of transferring the amine group from one amino acid to another is called deamination. gene expression. alteration. transamination.
pancreatic cancer.
The researchers have studied extensively possible relationship between dietary fat intake and the following types of cancer except colon cancer. breast cancer. prostate cancer. pancreatic cancer.
primary structure.
The sequential order of the amino acids is called the primary structure. secondary structure. tertiary structure. quaternary structure.
nitrogen balance.
The specialized procedure that can identify whether a person's protein intake is adequate is called protein recycling. nitrogen balance. amino acid balance. ins and outs.
three demensional shape
The specific function of a protein is determined by its length. electric charge. three-dimensional shape. DNA.
your unique genetic makeup.
The specific sequence of amino acids that make up the individual proteins in your body is determined by the amount of blood glucose. your unique genetic makeup. the level of phospholipids in the blood. the pH balance of blood.
complementary proteins.
The traditional Cajun dish of red beans and rice is a good example of denatured proteins. limiting proteins. complementary proteins. transaminated proteins.
linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid.
The two essential fatty acids are cholesterol and plant sterols. cis and trans fat. butyric and stearic acid. linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid.
eleven
There are twenty amino acids. How many are nonessential amino acids? nine eleven none all
bile
To facilitate the emulsification of dietary fats, the gallbladder stores and releases lipase. hydrochloric acid. bile. bicarbonate.
deamination.
To use proteins for energy, the liver removes amine groups from amino acids in a process called deamination. transport. denaturation. transamination.
the length of the fatty acids
Triglycerides can be classified by which of the following characteristics? the length of the glycerol backbone whether or not it is soluble in water the length of the fatty acids the shape of the glycerol backbone
amino acids
Unlike carbohydrates and lipids, proteins are composed of phospholipids. proteases. amino acids. glucose molecules.
start with a non-alcoholic beverage, follow it with an alcoholic beverage, and rotate this pattern, drinking no more than one alcoholic beverage per hour and no more than three the entire night.
Victor is heading out to an off-campus party where he anticipates there will be heavy drinking. He has decided to "pace and space" his drinks. This means he will start with a non-alcoholic beverage, follow it with an alcoholic beverage, and rotate this pattern, drinking no more than one alcoholic beverage per hour and no more than three the entire night. start with a non-alcoholic beverage, follow it with an alcoholic beverage, and continue with this pattern throughout the night. drink no more than one alcoholic beverage an hour throughout the night. start with an alcoholic beverage, but follow it with a non-alcoholic beverage and continue with this pattern throughout the night.
lack of protein to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
What causes the swollen belly associated with kwashiorkor? lack of protein to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance a high-protein diet that causes fluid buildup excess fat buildup in adipose tissue excess hydration
globular shape
What characteristic of the proteins that form red blood cells allows them to change shape and flow freely through the blood? long, narrow shape globular shape spherical shape lack of quaternary structure
the DNA inside the nucleus of the cell
What dictates the structure of a protein molecule synthesized by the body? the number of essential amino acids available the body's need for a protein the DNA inside the nucleus of the cell the combination of proteins consumed in the diet
They lower levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs).
What effect do statin drugs have on blood cholesterol? They lower levels of HDLs. They raise levels of LDLs. They lower levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). They raise levels of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs).
increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol
What effect does exercise have on blood-cholesterol levels? increases total triglycerides increases low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol decreases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol
20-35% of total energy
What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for fat? 30-45% of total energy less than 15% of total energy 10-25% of total energy 20-35% of total energy
Soluble fiber can be digested by bacteria in the colon; insoluble fiber cannot.
What is the KEY difference between soluble fiber and insoluble fiber? Soluble fiber contains alpha bonds; insoluble fiber contains beta bonds. Soluble fiber can be digested by bacteria in the colon; insoluble fiber cannot. Soluble fiber is found only in fruits and vegetables; insoluble fiber in whole grains. Soluble fiber can be ingested; insoluble fiber cannot.
diseases of the heart
What is the leading cause of death in the United States? cancer diabetes diseases of the heart stroke
pepsin
What is the name of the protein-digesting enzyme in the stomach? hydrochloric acid pepsin gastrin amylase
monounsaturated
What type of fatty acid chain contains one double carbon bond? saturated monounsaturated sterol polyunsaturated
fatty acids are used to make glucose
When blood glucose levels drop, all of the following may occur except amino acids are used to make glucose. glucagon is released. fatty acids are used to make glucose. glycogen is broken down.
fatty acids are used to make glucose.
When blood glucose levels drop, all of the following may occur except amino acids are used to make glucose. glucagon is released. fatty acids are used to make glucose. glycogen is broken down.
sucrose
When fructose and glucose are bonded together, they form maltose. lactose. sucrose. fructose.
Proteins release hydrogen into the blood.
When the body experiences alkalosis, how do proteins help restore the acid-base balance? Proteins attract hydrogen ions and neutralize their effects. Proteins uncoil and lose their shape. Proteins speed the transfer of amine groups to new acid groups and side chains. Proteins release hydrogen into the blood.
maltose
When two glucose molecules are joined together, they form lactose. sucrose. fructose. maltose.
adipose tissue
Where in the body are the majority of triglycerides stored for future energy needs? beta cells of the pancreas lipoproteins liver adipose tissue
saccharin
Which artificial sweetener was once linked to cancer but later removed from the list of potential cancer-causing substances? saccharin aspartame sucralose acesulfame-K
dairy
Which food group in the MyPlate contains the most foods that are high in saturated fat? grains fruits diary vegetables
gastrin
Which hormone controls the production of hydrochloric acid and the release of pepsin? cholecystokinin (CCK) gastrin pepsinogen insulin
insulin
Which hormone works to lower blood glucose? epinephrine glucagon cortisol insulin
HDL
Which lipoprotein transport cholesterol to the liver? HDL VLDL chylomicron LDL
Glucose
Which monosaccharide is the preferred source of energy for the brain? glucose fructose glycogen galactose
glucose
Which monosaccharide is the preferred source of energy for the brain? glucose fructose glycogen galactose
valine
Which of the following amino acids is essential? arginine valine alanine glycine
antibodies
Which of the following are defensive proteins manufactured by the immune system? antigens transport proteins antibodies buffers
glucose
Which of the following carbohydrates is the end product of photosynthesis? glucose lactose glycogen galactose
butter
Which of the following contains the highest amount of dietary cholesterol? skim milk steamed broccoli olive oil butter
salivary amylase
Which of the following enzymes is found in the mouth? pancreatic amylase salivary amylase lactase maltase
Saturated
Which of the following fatty acids is typically solid at room temperature? saturated omega-3 monounsaturated polyunsaturated
hemicelluloses
Which of the following fiber types includes fibers that can be classified as both soluble and insoluble? cellulose hemicelluloses lignins pectins
chocolate cake
Which of the following foods is MOST likely to contain "invisible" fats? olive oil chocolate cake butter zucchini
salmon
Which of the following foods is the richest source of omega-3 fatty acids? salmon sirloin steak broccoli tofu
chicken
Which of the following foods would contain the highest protein content? corn whole-wheat bread chicken cooked carrots
adult men
Which of the following groups requires the least protein per kilogram of body weight? infants young children adult men pregnant women
honey
Which of the following has the most Calories in one tablespoon? honey sucrose milk molasses
estrogen
Which of the following hormones is produced from cholesterol? estrogen glucagon epinephrine insulin
people who are susceptible to kidney disease
Which of the following individuals should avoid a high-protein diet? people who are susceptible to kidney disease pregnant women strength athletes people who are susceptible to iron-deficiency anemia
hydrogenated vegetable oil
Which of the following ingredients would alert you to the presence of trans fatty acids in a food product? liquid corn oil vitamin E lecithin hydrogenated vegetable oil
tooth decay
Which of the following is MOST associated with diets high in added sugars? tooth decay diabetes memory loss hyperactivity
drinks a glass of wine daily in the evening
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of someone at risk of alcohol use disorder? has gotten into a situation while drinking that increased risk of getting hurt drinks a glass of wine daily in the evening drinks more or longer than intended wants to cut down or stop drinking alcohol and couldn't
its the least common form of diabetes
Which of the following is a characteristic of type 1 diabetes? It arises most commonly during older adulthood. It is commonly associated with obesity. It is the least common form of diabetes. It is characterized by insulin resistance or insensitivity.
resveratrol
Which of the following is a chemical found in red wine and grapes that may have health benefits? beta carotene cholesterol beta ethanol resveratrol
reversteraol
Which of the following is a chemical found in red wine and grapes that may have health benefits? beta carotene cholesterol beta ethanol resveratrol
sucrose
Which of the following is a disaccharide? galactose glucose fructose sucrose
ribose
Which of the following is a five-carbon monosaccharide? glucose galactose ribose fructose
cystic fibrosis
Which of the following is a genetic disorder resulting in defective assembly of a chloride transport protein and characterized by severe respiratory and digestive distress? hyperchloremic acidosis phenylketonuria (PKU) kwashiorkor cystic fibrosis
galactose
Which of the following is a monosaccharide? sucrose maltose lactose galactose
aspartame
Which of the following is a non-nutritive sweetener? sucrose sorbitol aspartame fructose
fasting hypoglycemia
Which of the following is a state in which the body produces too much insulin even before a meal has been consumed? gestational diabetes fasting hypoglycemia type 1 diabetes reactive hypoglycemia
xylitol
Which of the following is a sugar alcohol? high fructose corn syrup saccharin xylitol glycogen
lingins
Which of the following is an insoluble fiber that is not actually a carbohydrate? pectins lignins gums mucilages
"skin and bones" appearance
Which of the following is associated with marasmus? loss of hearing distended abdomen "skin and bones" appearance enlarged, fatty liver
lactose
Which of the following is called milk sugar? fructose sucrose lactose maltose
fetal alchohol syndrome
Which of the following is caused by alcohol exposure by a fetus during pregnancy? high birth weight cataracts fetal alcohol syndrome diabetes
a strong need or urge to drink alcoholic beverages
Which of the following is characteristic of alcohol dependence? the consumption of four or more drinks on one occasion for a female and five or more on one occasion for a male a syndrome of headache, nausea, sensitivity to sound and light, and other symptoms after consumption of too much alcohol a pattern of chronic or occasional alcohol consumption that causes distress, danger, or harm a strong need or urge to drink alcoholic beverages
raffinose
Which of the following is classified as an oligosaccharide? maltose starch ribose raffinose
the increase in obesity rate
Which of the following is contributing to the increase in type 2 diabetes? more sensitive immune system the increase in obesity rate changes in our genes consuming more fiber rich foods
12 oz beer
Which of the following is equivalent to one drink of alcohol? 1 oz of distilled spirits 12 oz of wine cooler 12 oz of beer 8 oz of wine
fiber
Which of the following is most likely to be high in a vegan diet? fiber vitamin B12 vitamin D iron
fish oil
Which of the following is the BEST source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)? avocado spinach fish oil flaxseeds
fried chicken
Which of the following sources of protein includes the MOST unhealthful fats? tempeh lentils poached salmon fried chicken
Their fat stores are completely depleted.
Which of the following statements about children with Kwashiorkor is false Their fat stores are completely depleted. They have retarded growth. Their hair changes color. Their skin pigment changes.
It is found mostly in olive oil, coconut oil, and avocados.
Which of the following statements about cholesterol is false? It is used to make vitamin D. It is used to make hormones estrogen and testosterone. It is used to make bile. It is found mostly in olive oil, coconut oil, and avocados.
Lentils are a good source of protein, but do not provide all nine essential amino acids.
Which of the following statements about protein foods is TRUE? Some grains are high in protein, but no grain provides all nine essential amino acids. Quorn is a high-protein food derived from fermented corn. Nuts are high in protein, but also high in saturated fat and cholesterol. Lentils are a good source of protein, but do not provide all nine essential amino acids.
Daily protein intake of no more than 2 g per kg body weight is safe.
Which of the following statements about protein intake is TRUE? Daily protein intake of no more than 2 g per kg body weight is safe. To avoid kidney damage, do not exceed the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein. Daily protein intake of up to 4 g per kg body weight is safe. To avoid kidney damage, keep daily protein intake below 0.5 g per kg body weight.
It forms a gel when wet and is fermented.
Which of the following statements about soluble fiber is true? It is usually nonviscous. It does not dissolve in water. It forms a gel when wet and is fermented. It is not associated with reducing blood cholesterol levels.
They result from the hydrogenation process.
Which of the following statements is true about trans fatty acids? Food companies do not need to identify their level on the Nutrition Facts panel. They are made by the body in large quantities. They result from the hydrogenation process. They decrease the risk of developing heart disease.
epinephrine
Which of the following triggers the breakdown of stored fat? lipoprotein lipase epinephrine estrogen insulin
sword fish
Which of the following types of fish s most likely to be contaminated with mercury? farmed trout swordfish flounder line-caught tuna
serving of black beans
Which of the following would provide the MOST dietary fiber? four saltine crackers a glass of rice milk a serving of black beans a serving of applesauce
cancer
Which of the ten leading causes of death in the United States result in nearly 600,000 deaths in 2015? stroke diabetes cancer heart disease
high level of LDL in blood
Which one of the following is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease? a vegetarian diet high intake of whole grains and high dietary fiber regular physical activity high level of LDL in blood
bran
Which part of a whole grain kernel contains most of the fiber as well as many vitamins and minerals? endosperm starch germ bran
side chain
Which part of an individual amino acid distinguishes it from other amino acids? side chain amine group central carbon acid group
lecithins
Which type(s) of phospholipids act as an emulsifier? lecithins triglycerides omega-3 fatty acids short chain fatty acids
Beta bonds present in fiber are difficult for the body to break down.
Why are most types of fiber indigestible in the human GI tract? Alpha bonds present in fiber are difficult for the body to break down. Beta bonds present in fiber are difficult for the body to break down. The molecular structure of fiber is too highly coiled to be broken down. Fiber is too viscous to be digested by bacteria in the colon.
Our bodies manufacture phospholipids.
Why are phospholipids NOT considered essential nutrients? Phospholipids are not naturally found in the healthy body. They provide no useful function in the human body. Beneficial GI bacteria produce phospholipids. Our bodies manufacture phospholipids.
White wheat flour retains only a fraction of wheat's fiber, vitamins, and minerals.
Why is white wheat flour a less nutritious choice than whole-wheat flour? White wheat flour contains less endosperm than whole-wheat flour. White wheat flour retains only a fraction of wheat's fiber, vitamins, and minerals. White wheat flour consists only of wheat bran. White wheat flour consists only of wheat germ.
29%
Yesterday Shannon consumed 250 grams of carbohydrate, 75 grams of protein, and 60 grams of fat. What percentage of Calories of her day's intake came from fat? 35% 29% 13% 15%
bacteria in yogurt help digest the lactose.
Yogurt is tolerated better than milk by many lactose-intolerant people because bacteria in yogurt help digest the lactose. the acidity of yogurt improves digestibility. the thick consistency of yogurt improves digestibility. yogurt has no lactose.
whole wheat
You are scanning the range of choices in the bread aisle at the grocery store. Which phrase on the package label indicates that the bread likely contains a high amount of fiber-rich carbohydrates? refined enriched whole wheat stone ground
5 g
he Daily Value (DV) of fiber is 25 grams. If a product label indicates that it provides 20% of the DV, how much fiber does a serving contain? 3 grams 5 grams 4 grams 2 grams
synthesis of new glucose from amino acids or other sources that are not carbohydrates.
Gluconeogenesis is the release of stored glycogen from the liver. synthesis of new glucose from amino acids or other sources that are not carbohydrates. uptake of glucose by the body's cells. process by which plants use sunlight to synthesize glucose.
4
How many kcal of energy does 1 gram of carbohydrate provide? 3 7 4 9
Both hydrogen atoms are located on the same sides of the double carbon bond.
Why does a cis fatty acid have a kinked shape? Both hydrogen atoms are located on the same sides of the double carbon bond. It has only one double carbon bond. Every one of its carbon atoms is saturated with hydrogen. Its hydrogen atoms are attached on diagonally opposite sides of the double carbon bond.
Acid in the stomach inactivates salivary amylase.
Why does carbohydrate digestion NOT occur in the stomach? All carbohydrates are broken down in the mouth before they reach the stomach. Acid in the stomach inactivates salivary amylase. Pancreatic amylase absorbs all carbohydrates through endocytosis. The stomach lining absorbs all carbohydrates.
These vitamins require dietary fats for their absorption and transport.
How does fat consumption relate to vitamin A, D, E, and K intake? These vitamins are normally highly unstable molecules and are stabilized by fatty acids. These vitamins are found only in the saturated fat found in animal sources. Fats provide the energy required to move these large molecules across the intestinal wall. These vitamins require dietary fats for their absorption and transport.
They are long, allowing muscle fibers to contract and relax.
How does the shape of proteins in muscle fibers affect their function? They are wide, giving muscle fibers great tensile strength. They are short, helping muscle fibers build up in response to weight-bearing exercise. They are globular and can change shape to increase muscle mass. They are long, allowing muscle fibers to contract and relax.
130 g
How many grams of carbohydrate (per day) are recommended in healthy individuals to provide adequate fuel to the brain (RDA)? 160 grams 75 grams 100 grams 130 grams
225 kilocalories
How many kilocalories are provided by 25 grams of fat? 225 kilocalories 100 kilocalories 2,250 kilocalories 25 kilocalories
nuts and seeds
In addition to whole grains, which of the following is a good source of dietary fiber? refined grains 100% fruit juice lean red meat nuts and seeds
15 mil
In the United States, about how many adults aged 18 and older have an alcohol use disorder? 600,000 60,000 15 million 5 million
ketosis
In the absence of carbohydrate, the body breaks down stored fat in a process called gluconeogenesis. amylosis. ketosis. ketoacidosis.
muscles and liver
In the body, the major storage sites for glycogen are the muscles and liver. liver and pancreas. liver and kidney. kidney and muscles.
the beta cells of the pancreas
In type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune response destroys the beta cells of the pancreas. exocrine cells of the pancreas. pancreatic duct. alpha cells of the pancreas.
ribosomes
In what cellular organelle are proteins synthesized? mitochondria ribosome cell membrane nucleus
pancreas
Insulin is synthesized and released by the liver. pancreas. brain. gallbladder.
carbohydrate loading
Kitt is training to compete in a triathlon and is working with his team's registered dietitian to increase his storage of muscle glycogen. This technique is called glycolysis. carbohydrate loading. gluconeogenesis. glycogen surging.
53 grams
Maria is a reasonably healthy 19-year-old college student who is sedentary. She is 5' 8" tall and weighs 145 pounds. How many grams of protein would you recommend she consume each day? 45 grams 65 grams 53 grams 73 grams
Denaturation
Milk curdles when lemon juice is added to it. The change that occurs in the protein is called transcription. translocation. denaturation. deamination.
up to one drink per day for women and two per day for men
Moderate alcohol consumption is BEST defined as drinking no more than 3 drinks on any one occasion. drinking only one to two nights a week. no more than 7 drinks per week for women and 14 for men. up to one drink per day for women and two per day for men.
