Nutrition Midterm Spring Semester

Teresa's dinner includes green pepper halves stuffed with lean ground beef, brown rice, and tomato sauce; a side of buttered corn; and a glass of skim milk. What would you add to make Teresa's meal resemble MyPlate?

1 cup of diced watermelon

Rank the following steps of the Scientific Method in order, with the first step at the top of the list and the last step at the bottom of the list.

1. Ask research question 2. Research team forms a hypothesis 3. Research conducts research experiments 4. Research team evaluates result and findings 5. Original or others conducts follow-up studies to confirm

Human body from least complex to most complex

1. Cell 2. Tissue 3. Organ 4. Organ System

The Dietary Guidelines recommend that ________ of our grains come from whole grains.

1/2

Carbs 1g, Fat 1g, Protein 1g

4 kcal, 9kcal, 4kcal

ChooseMyPlate.gov offers in-depth information regarding

Dietary Guidelines

The safest types of laxatives are those that

Increase fecal bulk

Victims of the type of protein-calorie malnutrition known as ______ have a "skin and bones" appearance with little or no subcutaneous fat.

Marasmus

______ are at the top of the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid, which indicates they should be eaten least frequently.

Meats and Sweets

Choose a function of fat tissue.

Protect organs from injury

Most foods containing saturated fatty acids are ______ at room temperature. Multiple choice question.

Solid

A(n) ______ is a group of cells that works together to perform a specific function.

Tissue

How do health professionals use the Recommended Dietary Allowances?

To evaluate a person's current dietary intake of nutrients

According to the Dietary Guidelines, Americans should switch from whole milk to low-fat or fat-free milk and other dairy products

True

Much of the energy our body uses at rest and during low-intensity exercise (or light activity) comes from fatty acids. True false question.

True

True or false: A low-FODMAP diet may be helpful to relieve symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome.

True

Legumes

contain a single row of seeds.

Vitamin or mineral toxicity is most likely to result from consuming

individual vitamin and mineral supplements.

Lactose is a condition in which significant symptoms, such as abdominal gas and bloating, appear after ingestion of foods containing lactose.

intolerance

The American Institute for Cancer Research promotes the "New American Plate," which suggest that plant-based foods cover _____ of the plate.

two-thirds

Peristalsis refers to

waves of muscular contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract.

Estimated Energy Requirements take ______ into account when determining an individual's energy needs.

weight biologic sex physical activity age

What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for lipids according to the Food and Nutrition Board?

20% to 35% of total calories

Percent daily value is based on a

2000 kcal diet

What is the adequate intake level for fiber in adult women?

25g

What is the Adequate Intake level of dietary fiber for men?

38g

The AHA recommends reducing trans fats and limiting saturated fat to no more than _____ of total calories.

5% to 6%

Physical activity recommendations for children and adolescents include Multiple choice question.

60 minutes

What is the kilocalorie content of a food that provides 7 grams fat, 4 grams carbohydrate, and 3 grams protein?

91 kcal

The RDAs are meant to cover the nutrient needs of Multiple choice question.

97 to 98 of all healthy people

Which description best describes a starch? Multiple choice question.

A carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose attached together in a form the body can digest

Which of the following statements about fiber are true?

A substance found in plants Adds bulk to feces Is a complex carbohydrate

Which of the following accurately describes the scientific method? Multiple choice question.

A testing procedure designed to detect and eliminate error

Bond

A(n) ______ is a linkage between two atoms formed by the sharing of electrons. Multiple choice question.

The high-energy compound generated by the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the cells is called

ATP

Which of the following are signs and symptoms that could indicate a peptic ulcer?

Abdominal pain about 2 hours after eating Unexpected weight loss Nausea and vomiting

What is the guideline that is set at a level 100 times less than the level at which no harmful effects were noted in animal studies?

Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)

The _____ in gastric juice destroys the biological activity of proteins, converts inactive digestive enzymes to their active form, partially digests food protein, and makes dietary minerals soluble so that they can be absorbed. Multiple choice question.

Acid

Typical Americans need to reduce their intake of

Added Sugar

Which of the following are Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)? Multiple select question.

Adequate Intakes (AI) Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) Estimated Energy Requirements (EER) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

An individual with GERD should not lie down after eating because lying down Multiple choice question.

Allows stomach acid to enter the esophagus

Which fatty acids are considered essential fatty acids?

Alpha-linolenic linoleic

Which of the following is a genetic variation that increases a person's risk for cardiovascular disease?

Altered ability to remove cholesterol from the bloodstream

Of the following polysaccharides, which is digested most rapidly? Multiple choice question.

Amylopectin

Which polysaccharide is a digestible, branched-chain type of starch composed of glucose units? Multiple choice question.

Amylopectin

Straight Chained

Amylose

Vegetables, beans, breads, pasta, and rice are common food sources of Multiple choice question.

Amylose

What two chemical groups are found at the end of either side of the fatty-acid carbon chain? Multiple choice question.

An acid group (COOH) and a methyl group (CH3)

Which of the following examples illustrates the concept of dietary balance?

An athlete decreases his total calorie intake during the off season, when he is not as active.

If left untreated, ______ can erode through the lining of the small intestine, causing a severe infection and internal bleeding. Multiple choice question.

An ulcer

Vitamin B-12 is only found naturally and in abundance in foods of ______ origin.

Animal

Weight, skinfold thickness, body circumference are measures of

Anthropometric Data

Which of the following statements is true regarding fiber in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome?

At least half of patients see improvement with a low-FODMAP diet

If you choose mostly nutrient-dense foods instead of empty calories, you are practicing dietary ______.

Balance

Which of the following are characteristics of a healthy dietary pattern?

Balance Variety Moderation

is stored in the gallbladder. Multiple choice question.

Bile

If a person consumes a large amount of fiber without adequate fluid, which of the following may happen? Multiple choice question.

Blockage in the intestine

Lipoprotein lipase breaks down triglycerides in the

Blood vessels

A linkage between two atoms formed by the sharing of electrons, or attraction is called a

Bond

Cholesterol _____ be made by the body.

Can

When the ______ in polyunsaturated fatty acids break down, rancid by-products occur.

Carbon-Carbon double bonds

Which of the following yields energy?

Carbs, Protein, Fat

The medical term that refers to any disease of the heart and circulatory system is ______ disease.

Cardiovascular

A genetic predisposition and dietary exposure to gluten are needed for the development of _____.

Celiac Disease

Membranes, cytoplasm, and organelles are part of a self-contained, living entity called

Cell

Self-contained, living structures that join together to form tissues are called

Cells

Which of the following is the most likely source of protein for the average American?

Chicken

What are some examples of food sources that contain cholesterol?

Chicken, Ice Cream, eggs

_ is a type of lipid that is found only in foods of animal origin.

Cholesterol

Which two substances are important for emulsification of fats during digestion? Multiple select question.

Cholesterol, Phospholipids

Sean's lunch consists of roasted turkey on whole wheat bread with mayonnaise, a cup of diced peaches, and a can of lemon-lime sparkling water. How could Sean modify his meal to include all five MyPlate food groups?

Choose 1 cup of milk instead of the can of sparkling water. Add some sliced cucumbers to his meal.

Which of the following food choices comply with the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines

Choose frozen blueberries with with no added sugars instead of sweetened frozen berries. Add baked acorn squash as a side dish with dinner. Choose brown rice instead of white rice in a recipe.

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and water are all Multiple choice question.

Classes of Nutrients

Increasing fiber and fluid consumption is adequate to correct mild cases of

Constipation

Regularly ignoring the urge to defecate may lead to

Constipation

Identify the dietary principles emphasized by the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid.

Consume a variety of minimally processed foods. Use olive oil and other plant oils as the main sources of fat in the diet. Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables.

To aid the laxative action of dietary

Consume additional Fluid

To aid the laxative action of dietary fiber in the large intestine,

Consume additional Fluid

The nucleus is the storage site for ______ in the cell.

DNA

The ______ group provides many rich sources of calcium. Multiple choice question.

Dairy

The American Heart Association recommends using plant oils rather than animal fats in food preparation to

Decrease saturated fat intake

As intake of added sugars increases, dietary quality Multiple choice question.

Decreases

Soluble fiber ______ the absorption of cholesterol from the small intestine into the blood. Multiple choice question.

Decreases

A(n) ______ nutrition state occurs when body tissues have enough essential nutrients from a variety of foods to support metabolic functions.

Desirable

Which of the following digestive complaint is commonly caused by bacterial infections? Multiple choice question.

Diarrhea

Breaks down food both mechanically and chemically Removes waste products from the circulatory system Detects sensations, controls physiological and intellectual functions Removes foreign substances from the blood and aids in fat absorption Transports nutrients, waste, gases, and hormones throughout the body Regulates Metabolism through the action of hormones

Digestive System, Urinary System, Nervous System, Lymphatic System, Cardiovascular System, Endocrine System

Lipids are a diverse group of chemical compounds. Which of the following properties do all types of lipids have in common?

Do not readily dissolve in water

Which of the following occurs with inadequate consumption of protein? Multiple select question.

Edema can develop. Blood protein concentration decreases. Immune function is impaired.

The main function of vitamins in the body is to Multiple choice question.

Enable chemical reaction

Which of the following cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts and must be included in the diet?

Essential amino acid

What is used to determine the calorie needs of the average person for a specific weight, age, and sex?

Estimated Energy Requirement

How do typical American diets compare to the Dietary Guidelines? Multiple select question.

Exceed limits for sodium intake Exceed limits for intake of added sugars Exceed recommendations for refined grains intake

When choosing a dietary supplement, avoid those for which the recommended dose would

Exceed the UL for any Nutrients

Chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, are linked to Multiple choice question.

Excess Calorie Intake

: Meat and dairy products are typically rich in phytochemicals.

False

Animal proteins are not considered to be a good source of all nine essential amino acids. True false question.

False

Foods in the Dairy group are rich sources of fiber.

False

High-fat foods cannot be included in a healthy, well-balanced dietary pattern. True false question.

False

True or false: Human experiments are the only way researchers can understand the effects of nutrients on health. True false question.

False

True or false: Lipids provide fewer calories per gram than carbohydrates. True false question.

False

True or false: Osteoporosis primarily affects young people

False

True or false: Phospholipids are essential parts of only a few types of cells, like adipose and liver cells.

False

True or false: Plant sources supply about two-thirds of protein intake for most North Americans.

False

True or false: The stomach is the site of most nutrient digestion and absorption.

False

True or false: The storage capacity for nutrients is similar for all nutrients.

False

True or false: There is very little risk involved in taking amino acids as supplements. True false question.

False

Nutritional

Family health history must be carefully recorded and critically analyzed as part of a _____ assessment

Which macronutrient provides 9 kilocalories per gram?

Fat

What are some of the positive attributes of fat in the diet? Multiple select question.

Fat imparts a creamy texture to foods. Many flavors are fat soluble, so fat enhances the flavor of foods

A molecule with a long chain of carbons bonded together and flanked by hydrogens with an acid group on one end and a methyl group on the other end is called a

Fatty Acid

What are the products of fat digestion in the small intestine?

Fatty acids, monoglycerides

Which are nutrition components that must appear on the Nutrition Facts food label?

Fiber Calories Carbohydrates

Which factors can affect our food choices?

Flavor Advertising Food customs Economics

The body can derive all the essential nutrients from

Foods and Beverages

Which of the following behaviors clearly increases the likelihood of developing a peptic ulcer?

Frequent use of NSAIDs

A ______ primarily eats fruits, nuts, honey, and vegetable oils. People who consume this diet are at risk of nutrient deficiencies, which is why this type of diet is not advised. Multiple choice question.

Fruitarian

Which of the following foods are rich in phytochemicals?

Fruits, Vegetables

The organ that stores bile is the _____. Multiple choice question.

Gallbladder

A specific segment on a chromosome that provides the blueprints for the production of all body proteins is called a

Gene

A(n) ______ provides the instructions for protein synthesis.

Gene

Based on current research, what are the two factors needed for development of celiac disease? Multiple select question.

Genetic predisposition to celiac disease Dietary exposure to gluten

Pain, nausea, gagging, cough, or hoarseness are all symptoms of _____.

Gerd

Name the major monosaccharide found in the body.

Glucose

The advantage of the branched structure of ______ is that it allows multiple enzymes to attach to its structure and break it apart quickly. Multiple choice question.

Glycogen

The quality of evidence supporting an RDA is ______ the quality of evidence supporting an AI.

Greater

Which of the following are possible reasons people choose a vegetarian lifestyle? Multiple select question.

Health benefits Ethical concerns Environmental preservation Religious beleifs

To alleviate ______, avoid lying down after eating and raise the head of your bed 6 inches. Multiple choice question.

Heartburn

Mark has a history of constipation. Lately, he reports pain and occasional rectal bleeding during bowel movements. It is likely that Mark has

Hemorrhoids

Straining during defecation can lead to development of Multiple choice question.

Hemorrhoids

What type of research provides the most convincing evidence about relationships between nutrients and health?

Human Experiments

The primary physiological drive to find and eat food, that is mostly regulated by internal cues to eating is called

Hunger

Anna's blood test showed that her fasting blood sugar was 150 mg/dl. According to these results, she is

Hyperglycemic

is the medical term for high blood pressure.

Hypertension

Depression and stress likely contribute to the development of Multiple choice question.

IBS

What are some deficiency symptoms experienced with inadequate consumption of essential fatty acids?

Impaired wound healing Growth restriction Flaky/itchy skin

Poor dietary choices and a lack of physical activity are risk factors for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and several types of cancer. In other words, poor dietary choices and physical inactivity ______ a person's risk for many chronic diseases. Multiple choice question.

Increase

Which of the following are goals of Healthy People 2020?

Increase quality and years of healthy life Eliminate health disparities

A sedentary lifestyle ______ risk of developing chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

Increases

t is uncommon for intact proteins to be absorbed from the digestive tract except in _____.

Infants

Minerals are structurally simple, ______ substances.

Inorganic

Which of the following are serious risks of untreated peptic ulcers?

Internal Bleeding, Infections

Select limitations of using the MyPlate icon as a standalone guide to healthy eating.

It does not illustrate which foods to choose within each food group. It does not provide guidance on overall calorie intake. It does not illustrate snacks between meals.

Which of the following accurately describe the Daily Value?

It is based on a 2000-kcal diet. It is a generic standard. It is used on the Nutrition Facts panel of food labels.

Largest

Kilo

Which type of malnutrition is characterized by edema, mild or moderate weight loss, and fatty liver?

Kwashiorkor

_ is known as "the disease the first child gets when the new child comes." Multiple choice question.

Kwashiorkor

The main form of carbohydrate found in dairy foods is Multiple choice question.

Lactose

Which digestive organ has no villi or digestive enzymes, has a number of mucus-producing cells, and absorbs water, some vitamins, some fatty acids, and the minerals sodium and potassium? Multiple choice question.

Large Intestine

Which of the following lifestyle modifications may help prevent ulcers from occurring or recurring?

Limiting use of NSAIDs Avoiding smoking

Which enzyme plays an important role in fat digestion? Multiple choice question.

Lipase

Which of the following are major classes of essential nutrients?

Lipids Carbohydrates Water

What enzyme breaks down triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol in the bloodstream?

Lipoprotein Lipase

transport lipids from the small intestine and liver to body tissues.

Lipoproteins

-density lipoprotein is considered the "bad" cholesterol.

Low

What are structurally simple, inorganic substances that regulate body processes? Multiple choice question.

Minerals

Eating small portion sizes and planning your daily eating pattern so that you don't overconsume any nutrients is a healthful component of the diet known as

Moderation

Osteoporosis

Name the chronic disease characterized by decreased bone mass related to the effects of aging, genetics, and poor diet.

Identify symptoms of GERD.

Nausea Gagging Hoarseness

Is milk a natural source of sucrose?

No

What are the latest guidelines from the Dietary Guidelines and the American Heart Association for dietary cholesterol? Multiple choice question.

No limits have been set because dietary cholesterol intake has little impact on blood cholesterol levels.

For diarrhea caused by bacterial or viral infections, dietary restrictions (e.g., limiting the diet to include only bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast) are usually ______ for recovery

Not necessary

Name the science that links food and health. Multiple choice question.

Nutrition

The monosaccharides and the disaccharides are designated as _____ because they provide calories. Multiple choice question.

Nutritive Sweeteners

Which of the following are good sources of iron in a vegan diet?

Nuts Whole grains Legumes

Which foods could a lactovegetarian choose for breakfast? Multiple select question.

Oatmeal with butter and brown sugar Parfait made with yogurt, granola, and blueberries Calcium-fortified orange juice

Fatty fish provide eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are two ______ that are important for brain and heart health.

Omega-3 Fatty acids

Which of the following are signs or symptoms of hemorrhoids? Multiple select question.

Pain with bowel movements Itching in the rectal area Streaks of blood in the stool

is a major stomach enzyme used for digesting proteins.

Pepsins

For several months, Clayton has been experiencing gnawing pain in his abdomen about 2 hours after eating. This morning, he felt ill and vomited what looked like coffee grounds. Which of the following is a likely explanation for his condition?

Peptic Ulcer

Which of the following meals would be acceptable for a lactoovovegetarian?

Poached eggs; whole-wheat toast with jam; banana; orange juice Spinach and artichoke lasagna with Alfredo sauce; Italian bread; iced tea

Fiber is a type of

Polysaccharide

Carbohydrates containing many glucose units, from 1000 or more are called _____. Multiple choice question.

Polysaccharides

Which type of carbohydrate is formed by linking many (e.g., hundreds) of glucose units together?

Polysaccharides

Which of the following components are optional on the Nutrition Facts panel of a food label?

Polyunsaturated fat Monounsaturated fat Magnesium

Which of the following are typical causes of diarrhea?

Poorly absorbed food substances Microorganisms

Which of the following meals would fit into a gluten-free diet for a person with celiac disease? Multiple choice question.

Pork roast, sweet potatoes, and brown rice

Which of the following factors increase the risk of developing hemorrhoids?

Prolong sitting obestiy pregnancy

Pepsin is a major stomach enzyme for digesting _____.

Protein

Which nutrient plays a vital role in keeping the body healthy by forming important structures in the body, making up a key part of the blood, helping regulate many body functions, and fueling body cells? Multiple choice question.

Protein

The body links amino acids with peptide bonds in order to form Multiple choice question.

Proteins

Daily Values are most similar to Multiple choice question.

Rda's or AIs

Before feces are eliminated, they are held in the

Rectum

Which of the following are subgroups of vegetables, according to MyPlate?

Red and orange vegetables Dark green vegetables Beans and peas Starchy vegetables

Which of the following are benefits of including some insoluble fiber in the diet? Multiple select question.

Reduces constipation Reduces transit time of feces

Which of the following is a benefit of soluble fiber?

Reduces total serum cholesterol

"Heartburn" doesn't involve the heart at all; it is a pain in the chest caused by Multiple choice question.

Reflux of highly acidic stomach contents into the esophagus

Heredity, lifestyle choices, and nutritional habits are all examples of

Risk Factors

Gluten is naturally found in which of the following grains? Multiple select question.

Rye, wheat, barley

Which of the following have the biggest impact on blood cholesterol levels?

Saturated fat intake, trans fat intake

What piece of information on the food label informs the consumer about the typical amount of food eaten at one time?

Serving Size

Most digestion and absorption of food occurs in the

Small Intestine

Which of the following are strategies that may help to prevent weight gain over time?

Snack on raw vegetables instead of chips or pretzels Work for an employer with a wellness program Find a workout partner

Select background factors that are important to consider when conducting an evaluation of nutritional health.

Social history Current medications Health literacy level Medical history Economic status

Citrus fruits, apples, bananas, oat and rice bran, barley, peas, and beans are major food sources of ______ fiber.

Soluble

Due to the activity of some phytochemicals, foods made from ______ can lower the production of cholesterol by the body.

Soybeans

Amylase is the enzyme needed to digest ______. Multiple choice question.

Starch

Complex carbohydrates are also known as

Starch

Choose the statements that are true about alcohol.

Supplies about 7 kcal per gram. Not considered an essential nutrient.

The main function of glucose is to

Supply Energy

What is the function of an emulsifier? Multiple choice question.

Suspends fats in water

Which of the following occurs when a person with heartburn takes an antacid?

The acidity of stomach contents is reduced.

How does denaturation of a protein affect its function? Multiple choice question.

The protein loses its normal biological activity

What is the maximum chronic daily intake level of a nutrient that is unlikely to cause adverse health effects in most all people?

Tolerable Upper Intake Level

A(n) ______ is made of three fatty acids attached to glycerol.

Triglyceride

Which of the following is the body's most efficient form of stored energy? Multiple choice question.

Triglycerides

True or false: Amino acids serve as a source of nitrogen for the human body.

True

True or false: Because of its branched structure that can be broken down quickly, glycogen is an ideal storage form of carbohydrate in the body.

True

True or false: Both fiber and starch are types of polysaccharides.

True

True or false: Eating breakfast may help to prevent overeating later in

True

True or false: Ethanol is the compound found in alcoholic beverages.

True

True or false: HDL removes cholesterol from cells and returns to the liver for excretio

True

True or false: Most body structures are made of protein. True false question.

True

True or false: Nutrition influences gene expression.

True

True or false: Plant sources of fat are good for the heart because they are usually high in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids.

True

True or false: The Dietary Guidelines recommend increasing whole grain intake by replacing some refined grains with whole grains. True false question.

True

True or false: The body gets nutrients from food. True false question.

True

True or false: The cooking process is often viewed as the starting point of carbohydrate digestion because cooking helps to soften the tough connective fibers in the plants. True false question.

True

True or false: The liver and muscles are the major storage sites for glycogen.

True

True or false: The primary function of carbohydrates in the body is to provide energy.

True

True or false: When dietary consumption of carbohydrates exceeds the amount needed for energy and glycogen storage, the excess carbohydrates will be stored as fat. True false question.

True

Vitamins enable many chemical reactions to occur in the body. True false question.

True

itamin B-12 is found primarily in animal foods.

True

Type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes

Type 1 diabetes matches Choice, A form of diabetes characterized by total insulin deficiency due to destruction of insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. A form of diabetes characterized by total insulin deficiency due to destruction of insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. Type 2 diabetes matches Choice, A form of diabetes characterized by insulin resistance and often associated with obesity. A form of diabetes characterized by insulin resistance and often associated with obesity. Gestational diabetes matches Choice, Occurs in some pregnant women and resolves after delivery of the baby. Occurs in some pregnant women and resolves after delivery of the baby.

When gallstones block the duct that carries bile from the gallbladder to the small intestine, a person usually experiences pain in the

Upper Right Abdomen

Choosing a number of different foods within any given food group rather than eating the same thing day after day describes a component of a healthful diet known as ______.

Variety

Which food group covers half the plate providing dense sources of nutrients and phytochemicals?

Vegetables and Fruits

Which lipoproteins are made by the liver? Multiple choice question.

Very-low-density lipoprotein

H2O is the chemical representation of Multiple choice question.

Water

Choose the factors that determine the correct amount of calories you should consume each day.

Weight age height

The combination of excess food intake and inadequate physical activity leads to

Weight Gain

Choose the interactive tools available at ChooseMyPlate.gove to help consumers learn about the Dietary Guidelines.

What's Cooking? USDA Mixing Bowl USDA's 10 Tips Nutrition Education Series

the scientific method.

When a researcher observes a natural phenomenon, forms a hypothesis about that phenomenon, and then tests the hypothesis using an experiment, she is using Multiple choice question.

Hypothesis

When a scientist suggests a possible explanation for a natural phenomenon, that explanation is called a(n)

Why do reduced-fat foods contain the same, or similar, amount of calories as their reference foods?

When fat is removed, sugar is usually added to maintain a palatable flavor and texture, usually resulting in similar energy density

Choose the food that will have the most fiber.

Whole Orange

Which of the following types of fruit are great sources of dietary fiber?

Whole and Cut up

Compared to the small intestine, the large intestine

absorbs fewer nutrients. houses more bacteria.

High intakes of ______ tend to increase the risk of developing chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity.

alcohol animal fats salt

Which polysaccharide is a digestible, branched-chain type of starch composed of glucose units?

amylopectin

Because of its branched polysaccharide structure, ______ is digested more rapidly than ______.

amylopectin; amylose

Moderation requires

avoiding megadoses of nutrients. paying attention to portion sizes of foods.

Protein deficiency is rarely an isolated condition and usually accompanies

calorie deficiency. lack of nutrients.

A defective gene that delays cholesterol removal from the bloodstream could increase an individual's risk for

cardiovascular disease

Regular physical activity reduces the risk of

cardiovascular disease. obesity. type 2 diabetes.

If a food manufacturer sets out to reduce the fat content of a cookie, the food scientists will need to consider

changes in the flavor of the food product. changes in the texture of the food product.

choose a lipid that can be synthesized by the body

cholesterol

The Dietary Guidelines urge Americans to

consume 3 or more ounces per day of whole grains. limit intake of added sugars.

Nutrition therapy for mild cases of constipation includes

consuming more fiber daily. consuming more fluids daily.

A stroke is a

decrease or loss of blood flow to the brain

The Adequate Intake is based on the

dietary intakes of people that appear to be maintaining nutritional health.

Laxatives can lessen constipation by

drawing water into the large intestine. stimulating the nerves of the GI tract. increasing fecal bulk.

dentify the dietary principles emphasized by the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid.

eat plenty of fruits and veggies, consume a variety of minimally processed foods, use olive oil and other plant oils instead of butter

A major function of phospholipids (e.g., lecithin) in foods is to act as a(n) Multiple choice question.

emulisifier

An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible owing to liquid-liquid phase separation

emulsifier

The absence of ______ from the MyPlate icon draws criticism from some experts in nutrition and health.

energy requirements serving sizes

What are the major functions of fatty acids and triglycerides in the body?

energy storage insulation transport of fat-soluble vitamin

Treatment for Mild constipation

engaging in physical activity. consuming additional fluid.

Educational level, living conditions, and economic status are part of the ______ assessment. Multiple choice question.

environmental

What deficiency would you suspect if a person has flaky and itchy skin, diarrhea, and poor wound healing with infections? Multiple choice question.

essential fatty acids

Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid are both

essential fatty acids.

A high-fiber diet may improve blood cholesterol measurements because

fatty acids produced during fermentation of soluble fiber in the large intestine reduce cholesterol synthesis in the liver. soluble fiber binds to cholesterol in the GI tract, causing it to be excreted.

Which of the following is a function of the phospholipid molecule?

formation of cell membranes

Phytochemicals

from plant-based foods help prevent chronic diseases.

Which food groups provide many high-fiber foods

grains fruits vegetables

Amylopectin Amylose

highly branched chain of glucose units highly branched chain of glucose units straight chain of glucose units straight chain of glucose units

The MyPlate icon reminds consumers Multiple select question.

how to build a healthy meal. to incorporate fruits and vegetables into meals.

What is the technical term for high blood sugar?

hyperglycemia

vitamin c

iron

Regular use of ______ may cause constipation.

iron supplements antacids calcium supplements

Obesity

is a condition characterized by excess body fat.

A ______ diet is a modified vegetarian diet that includes dairy products and eggs. Multiple choice question.

lactoovovegetarian

Choose characteristics of the low-density lipoprotein.

linked to cardiovascular disease risk carries primarily cholesterol transports cholesterol to the tissues

Gallstones may develop during rapid weight loss or prolonged fasting due to the Multiple choice question.

liver secreting more cholesterol into the bile.

the organs of digestive tract in order, from start to finish.

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large instestine

A ______ is a type of lipid made of a glycerol backbone, two fatty acids, and a phosphorus-containing group. Multiple choice question.

phospholipid

Overnutrition may result from Multiple choice question.

prolonged consumption of more nutrients than the body needs.

"Our patented Fat Buster System is guaranteed to take 2 inches off your waistline in the first week!" This claim could be identified as suspicious because it

quick fix

Intact proteins are ______ absorbed from the digestive tract.

rarely

Butter is solid at room temperature. Butter contains mostly ______ fatty acids.

saturated

Overconsumption of _____ is often linked to chronic disease.

saturated fat sodium calories

What are some natural food sources of sucrose?

sugar beets and maple sugar

The endocrine system is related to nutrition through

the effects of hormones on metabolism and growth.

Why are emulsifiers important in cooking and baking?

they keep mixtures of fat and water from separating

What are the structural components of a triglyceride?

three attached fatty acids glycerol backbone