Nutrition Midterm Spring Semester
Teresa's dinner includes green pepper halves stuffed with lean ground beef, brown rice, and tomato sauce; a side of buttered corn; and a glass of skim milk. What would you add to make Teresa's meal resemble MyPlate?
1 cup of diced watermelon
Rank the following steps of the Scientific Method in order, with the first step at the top of the list and the last step at the bottom of the list.
1. Ask research question 2. Research team forms a hypothesis 3. Research conducts research experiments 4. Research team evaluates result and findings 5. Original or others conducts follow-up studies to confirm
Human body from least complex to most complex
1. Cell 2. Tissue 3. Organ 4. Organ System
The Dietary Guidelines recommend that ________ of our grains come from whole grains.
1/2
Carbs 1g, Fat 1g, Protein 1g
4 kcal, 9kcal, 4kcal
ChooseMyPlate.gov offers in-depth information regarding
Dietary Guidelines
The safest types of laxatives are those that
Increase fecal bulk
Victims of the type of protein-calorie malnutrition known as ______ have a "skin and bones" appearance with little or no subcutaneous fat.
Marasmus
______ are at the top of the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid, which indicates they should be eaten least frequently.
Meats and Sweets
Choose a function of fat tissue.
Protect organs from injury
Most foods containing saturated fatty acids are ______ at room temperature. Multiple choice question.
Solid
A(n) ______ is a group of cells that works together to perform a specific function.
Tissue
How do health professionals use the Recommended Dietary Allowances?
To evaluate a person's current dietary intake of nutrients
According to the Dietary Guidelines, Americans should switch from whole milk to low-fat or fat-free milk and other dairy products
True
Much of the energy our body uses at rest and during low-intensity exercise (or light activity) comes from fatty acids. True false question.
True
True or false: A low-FODMAP diet may be helpful to relieve symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome.
True
Legumes
contain a single row of seeds.
Vitamin or mineral toxicity is most likely to result from consuming
individual vitamin and mineral supplements.
Lactose is a condition in which significant symptoms, such as abdominal gas and bloating, appear after ingestion of foods containing lactose.
intolerance
The American Institute for Cancer Research promotes the "New American Plate," which suggest that plant-based foods cover _____ of the plate.
two-thirds
Peristalsis refers to
waves of muscular contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract.
Estimated Energy Requirements take ______ into account when determining an individual's energy needs.
weight biologic sex physical activity age
What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for lipids according to the Food and Nutrition Board?
20% to 35% of total calories
Percent daily value is based on a
2000 kcal diet
What is the adequate intake level for fiber in adult women?
25g
What is the Adequate Intake level of dietary fiber for men?
38g
The AHA recommends reducing trans fats and limiting saturated fat to no more than _____ of total calories.
5% to 6%
Physical activity recommendations for children and adolescents include Multiple choice question.
60 minutes
What is the kilocalorie content of a food that provides 7 grams fat, 4 grams carbohydrate, and 3 grams protein?
91 kcal
The RDAs are meant to cover the nutrient needs of Multiple choice question.
97 to 98 of all healthy people
Which description best describes a starch? Multiple choice question.
A carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose attached together in a form the body can digest
Which of the following statements about fiber are true?
A substance found in plants Adds bulk to feces Is a complex carbohydrate
Which of the following accurately describes the scientific method? Multiple choice question.
A testing procedure designed to detect and eliminate error
Bond
A(n) ______ is a linkage between two atoms formed by the sharing of electrons. Multiple choice question.
The high-energy compound generated by the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the cells is called
ATP
Which of the following are signs and symptoms that could indicate a peptic ulcer?
Abdominal pain about 2 hours after eating Unexpected weight loss Nausea and vomiting
What is the guideline that is set at a level 100 times less than the level at which no harmful effects were noted in animal studies?
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)
The _____ in gastric juice destroys the biological activity of proteins, converts inactive digestive enzymes to their active form, partially digests food protein, and makes dietary minerals soluble so that they can be absorbed. Multiple choice question.
Acid
Typical Americans need to reduce their intake of
Added Sugar
Which of the following are Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)? Multiple select question.
Adequate Intakes (AI) Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) Estimated Energy Requirements (EER) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
An individual with GERD should not lie down after eating because lying down Multiple choice question.
Allows stomach acid to enter the esophagus
Which fatty acids are considered essential fatty acids?
Alpha-linolenic linoleic
Which of the following is a genetic variation that increases a person's risk for cardiovascular disease?
Altered ability to remove cholesterol from the bloodstream
Of the following polysaccharides, which is digested most rapidly? Multiple choice question.
Amylopectin
Which polysaccharide is a digestible, branched-chain type of starch composed of glucose units? Multiple choice question.
Amylopectin
Straight Chained
Amylose
Vegetables, beans, breads, pasta, and rice are common food sources of Multiple choice question.
Amylose
What two chemical groups are found at the end of either side of the fatty-acid carbon chain? Multiple choice question.
An acid group (COOH) and a methyl group (CH3)
Which of the following examples illustrates the concept of dietary balance?
An athlete decreases his total calorie intake during the off season, when he is not as active.
If left untreated, ______ can erode through the lining of the small intestine, causing a severe infection and internal bleeding. Multiple choice question.
An ulcer
Vitamin B-12 is only found naturally and in abundance in foods of ______ origin.
Animal
Weight, skinfold thickness, body circumference are measures of
Anthropometric Data
Which of the following statements is true regarding fiber in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome?
At least half of patients see improvement with a low-FODMAP diet
If you choose mostly nutrient-dense foods instead of empty calories, you are practicing dietary ______.
Balance
Which of the following are characteristics of a healthy dietary pattern?
Balance Variety Moderation
is stored in the gallbladder. Multiple choice question.
Bile
If a person consumes a large amount of fiber without adequate fluid, which of the following may happen? Multiple choice question.
Blockage in the intestine
Lipoprotein lipase breaks down triglycerides in the
Blood vessels
A linkage between two atoms formed by the sharing of electrons, or attraction is called a
Bond
Cholesterol _____ be made by the body.
Can
When the ______ in polyunsaturated fatty acids break down, rancid by-products occur.
Carbon-Carbon double bonds
Which of the following yields energy?
Carbs, Protein, Fat
The medical term that refers to any disease of the heart and circulatory system is ______ disease.
Cardiovascular
A genetic predisposition and dietary exposure to gluten are needed for the development of _____.
Celiac Disease
Membranes, cytoplasm, and organelles are part of a self-contained, living entity called
Cell
Self-contained, living structures that join together to form tissues are called
Cells
Which of the following is the most likely source of protein for the average American?
Chicken
What are some examples of food sources that contain cholesterol?
Chicken, Ice Cream, eggs
_ is a type of lipid that is found only in foods of animal origin.
Cholesterol
Which two substances are important for emulsification of fats during digestion? Multiple select question.
Cholesterol, Phospholipids
Sean's lunch consists of roasted turkey on whole wheat bread with mayonnaise, a cup of diced peaches, and a can of lemon-lime sparkling water. How could Sean modify his meal to include all five MyPlate food groups?
Choose 1 cup of milk instead of the can of sparkling water. Add some sliced cucumbers to his meal.
Which of the following food choices comply with the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines
Choose frozen blueberries with with no added sugars instead of sweetened frozen berries. Add baked acorn squash as a side dish with dinner. Choose brown rice instead of white rice in a recipe.
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and water are all Multiple choice question.
Classes of Nutrients
Increasing fiber and fluid consumption is adequate to correct mild cases of
Constipation
Regularly ignoring the urge to defecate may lead to
Constipation
Identify the dietary principles emphasized by the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid.
Consume a variety of minimally processed foods. Use olive oil and other plant oils as the main sources of fat in the diet. Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables.
To aid the laxative action of dietary
Consume additional Fluid
To aid the laxative action of dietary fiber in the large intestine,
Consume additional Fluid
The nucleus is the storage site for ______ in the cell.
DNA
The ______ group provides many rich sources of calcium. Multiple choice question.
Dairy
The American Heart Association recommends using plant oils rather than animal fats in food preparation to
Decrease saturated fat intake
As intake of added sugars increases, dietary quality Multiple choice question.
Decreases
Soluble fiber ______ the absorption of cholesterol from the small intestine into the blood. Multiple choice question.
Decreases
A(n) ______ nutrition state occurs when body tissues have enough essential nutrients from a variety of foods to support metabolic functions.
Desirable
Which of the following digestive complaint is commonly caused by bacterial infections? Multiple choice question.
Diarrhea
Breaks down food both mechanically and chemically Removes waste products from the circulatory system Detects sensations, controls physiological and intellectual functions Removes foreign substances from the blood and aids in fat absorption Transports nutrients, waste, gases, and hormones throughout the body Regulates Metabolism through the action of hormones
Digestive System, Urinary System, Nervous System, Lymphatic System, Cardiovascular System, Endocrine System
Lipids are a diverse group of chemical compounds. Which of the following properties do all types of lipids have in common?
Do not readily dissolve in water
Which of the following occurs with inadequate consumption of protein? Multiple select question.
Edema can develop. Blood protein concentration decreases. Immune function is impaired.
The main function of vitamins in the body is to Multiple choice question.
Enable chemical reaction
Which of the following cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts and must be included in the diet?
Essential amino acid
What is used to determine the calorie needs of the average person for a specific weight, age, and sex?
Estimated Energy Requirement
How do typical American diets compare to the Dietary Guidelines? Multiple select question.
Exceed limits for sodium intake Exceed limits for intake of added sugars Exceed recommendations for refined grains intake
When choosing a dietary supplement, avoid those for which the recommended dose would
Exceed the UL for any Nutrients
Chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, are linked to Multiple choice question.
Excess Calorie Intake
: Meat and dairy products are typically rich in phytochemicals.
False
Animal proteins are not considered to be a good source of all nine essential amino acids. True false question.
False
Foods in the Dairy group are rich sources of fiber.
False
High-fat foods cannot be included in a healthy, well-balanced dietary pattern. True false question.
False
True or false: Human experiments are the only way researchers can understand the effects of nutrients on health. True false question.
False
True or false: Lipids provide fewer calories per gram than carbohydrates. True false question.
False
True or false: Osteoporosis primarily affects young people
False
True or false: Phospholipids are essential parts of only a few types of cells, like adipose and liver cells.
False
True or false: Plant sources supply about two-thirds of protein intake for most North Americans.
False
True or false: The stomach is the site of most nutrient digestion and absorption.
False
True or false: The storage capacity for nutrients is similar for all nutrients.
False
True or false: There is very little risk involved in taking amino acids as supplements. True false question.
False
Nutritional
Family health history must be carefully recorded and critically analyzed as part of a _____ assessment
Which macronutrient provides 9 kilocalories per gram?
Fat
What are some of the positive attributes of fat in the diet? Multiple select question.
Fat imparts a creamy texture to foods. Many flavors are fat soluble, so fat enhances the flavor of foods
A molecule with a long chain of carbons bonded together and flanked by hydrogens with an acid group on one end and a methyl group on the other end is called a
Fatty Acid
What are the products of fat digestion in the small intestine?
Fatty acids, monoglycerides
Which are nutrition components that must appear on the Nutrition Facts food label?
Fiber Calories Carbohydrates
Which factors can affect our food choices?
Flavor Advertising Food customs Economics
The body can derive all the essential nutrients from
Foods and Beverages
Which of the following behaviors clearly increases the likelihood of developing a peptic ulcer?
Frequent use of NSAIDs
A ______ primarily eats fruits, nuts, honey, and vegetable oils. People who consume this diet are at risk of nutrient deficiencies, which is why this type of diet is not advised. Multiple choice question.
Fruitarian
Which of the following foods are rich in phytochemicals?
Fruits, Vegetables
The organ that stores bile is the _____. Multiple choice question.
Gallbladder
A specific segment on a chromosome that provides the blueprints for the production of all body proteins is called a
Gene
A(n) ______ provides the instructions for protein synthesis.
Gene
Based on current research, what are the two factors needed for development of celiac disease? Multiple select question.
Genetic predisposition to celiac disease Dietary exposure to gluten
Pain, nausea, gagging, cough, or hoarseness are all symptoms of _____.
Gerd
Name the major monosaccharide found in the body.
Glucose
The advantage of the branched structure of ______ is that it allows multiple enzymes to attach to its structure and break it apart quickly. Multiple choice question.
Glycogen
The quality of evidence supporting an RDA is ______ the quality of evidence supporting an AI.
Greater
Which of the following are possible reasons people choose a vegetarian lifestyle? Multiple select question.
Health benefits Ethical concerns Environmental preservation Religious beleifs
To alleviate ______, avoid lying down after eating and raise the head of your bed 6 inches. Multiple choice question.
Heartburn
Mark has a history of constipation. Lately, he reports pain and occasional rectal bleeding during bowel movements. It is likely that Mark has
Hemorrhoids
Straining during defecation can lead to development of Multiple choice question.
Hemorrhoids
What type of research provides the most convincing evidence about relationships between nutrients and health?
Human Experiments
The primary physiological drive to find and eat food, that is mostly regulated by internal cues to eating is called
Hunger
Anna's blood test showed that her fasting blood sugar was 150 mg/dl. According to these results, she is
Hyperglycemic
is the medical term for high blood pressure.
Hypertension
Depression and stress likely contribute to the development of Multiple choice question.
IBS
What are some deficiency symptoms experienced with inadequate consumption of essential fatty acids?
Impaired wound healing Growth restriction Flaky/itchy skin
Poor dietary choices and a lack of physical activity are risk factors for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and several types of cancer. In other words, poor dietary choices and physical inactivity ______ a person's risk for many chronic diseases. Multiple choice question.
Increase
Which of the following are goals of Healthy People 2020?
Increase quality and years of healthy life Eliminate health disparities
A sedentary lifestyle ______ risk of developing chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
Increases
t is uncommon for intact proteins to be absorbed from the digestive tract except in _____.
Infants
Minerals are structurally simple, ______ substances.
Inorganic
Which of the following are serious risks of untreated peptic ulcers?
Internal Bleeding, Infections
Select limitations of using the MyPlate icon as a standalone guide to healthy eating.
It does not illustrate which foods to choose within each food group. It does not provide guidance on overall calorie intake. It does not illustrate snacks between meals.
Which of the following accurately describe the Daily Value?
It is based on a 2000-kcal diet. It is a generic standard. It is used on the Nutrition Facts panel of food labels.
Largest
Kilo
Which type of malnutrition is characterized by edema, mild or moderate weight loss, and fatty liver?
Kwashiorkor
_ is known as "the disease the first child gets when the new child comes." Multiple choice question.
Kwashiorkor
The main form of carbohydrate found in dairy foods is Multiple choice question.
Lactose
Which digestive organ has no villi or digestive enzymes, has a number of mucus-producing cells, and absorbs water, some vitamins, some fatty acids, and the minerals sodium and potassium? Multiple choice question.
Large Intestine
Which of the following lifestyle modifications may help prevent ulcers from occurring or recurring?
Limiting use of NSAIDs Avoiding smoking
Which enzyme plays an important role in fat digestion? Multiple choice question.
Lipase
Which of the following are major classes of essential nutrients?
Lipids Carbohydrates Water
What enzyme breaks down triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol in the bloodstream?
Lipoprotein Lipase
transport lipids from the small intestine and liver to body tissues.
Lipoproteins
-density lipoprotein is considered the "bad" cholesterol.
Low
What are structurally simple, inorganic substances that regulate body processes? Multiple choice question.
Minerals
Eating small portion sizes and planning your daily eating pattern so that you don't overconsume any nutrients is a healthful component of the diet known as
Moderation
Osteoporosis
Name the chronic disease characterized by decreased bone mass related to the effects of aging, genetics, and poor diet.
Identify symptoms of GERD.
Nausea Gagging Hoarseness
Is milk a natural source of sucrose?
No
What are the latest guidelines from the Dietary Guidelines and the American Heart Association for dietary cholesterol? Multiple choice question.
No limits have been set because dietary cholesterol intake has little impact on blood cholesterol levels.
For diarrhea caused by bacterial or viral infections, dietary restrictions (e.g., limiting the diet to include only bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast) are usually ______ for recovery
Not necessary
Name the science that links food and health. Multiple choice question.
Nutrition
The monosaccharides and the disaccharides are designated as _____ because they provide calories. Multiple choice question.
Nutritive Sweeteners
Which of the following are good sources of iron in a vegan diet?
Nuts Whole grains Legumes
Which foods could a lactovegetarian choose for breakfast? Multiple select question.
Oatmeal with butter and brown sugar Parfait made with yogurt, granola, and blueberries Calcium-fortified orange juice
Fatty fish provide eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are two ______ that are important for brain and heart health.
Omega-3 Fatty acids
Which of the following are signs or symptoms of hemorrhoids? Multiple select question.
Pain with bowel movements Itching in the rectal area Streaks of blood in the stool
is a major stomach enzyme used for digesting proteins.
Pepsins
For several months, Clayton has been experiencing gnawing pain in his abdomen about 2 hours after eating. This morning, he felt ill and vomited what looked like coffee grounds. Which of the following is a likely explanation for his condition?
Peptic Ulcer
Which of the following meals would be acceptable for a lactoovovegetarian?
Poached eggs; whole-wheat toast with jam; banana; orange juice Spinach and artichoke lasagna with Alfredo sauce; Italian bread; iced tea
Fiber is a type of
Polysaccharide
Carbohydrates containing many glucose units, from 1000 or more are called _____. Multiple choice question.
Polysaccharides
Which type of carbohydrate is formed by linking many (e.g., hundreds) of glucose units together?
Polysaccharides
Which of the following components are optional on the Nutrition Facts panel of a food label?
Polyunsaturated fat Monounsaturated fat Magnesium
Which of the following are typical causes of diarrhea?
Poorly absorbed food substances Microorganisms
Which of the following meals would fit into a gluten-free diet for a person with celiac disease? Multiple choice question.
Pork roast, sweet potatoes, and brown rice
Which of the following factors increase the risk of developing hemorrhoids?
Prolong sitting obestiy pregnancy
Pepsin is a major stomach enzyme for digesting _____.
Protein
Which nutrient plays a vital role in keeping the body healthy by forming important structures in the body, making up a key part of the blood, helping regulate many body functions, and fueling body cells? Multiple choice question.
Protein
The body links amino acids with peptide bonds in order to form Multiple choice question.
Proteins
Daily Values are most similar to Multiple choice question.
Rda's or AIs
Before feces are eliminated, they are held in the
Rectum
Which of the following are subgroups of vegetables, according to MyPlate?
Red and orange vegetables Dark green vegetables Beans and peas Starchy vegetables
Which of the following are benefits of including some insoluble fiber in the diet? Multiple select question.
Reduces constipation Reduces transit time of feces
Which of the following is a benefit of soluble fiber?
Reduces total serum cholesterol
"Heartburn" doesn't involve the heart at all; it is a pain in the chest caused by Multiple choice question.
Reflux of highly acidic stomach contents into the esophagus
Heredity, lifestyle choices, and nutritional habits are all examples of
Risk Factors
Gluten is naturally found in which of the following grains? Multiple select question.
Rye, wheat, barley
Which of the following have the biggest impact on blood cholesterol levels?
Saturated fat intake, trans fat intake
What piece of information on the food label informs the consumer about the typical amount of food eaten at one time?
Serving Size
Most digestion and absorption of food occurs in the
Small Intestine
Which of the following are strategies that may help to prevent weight gain over time?
Snack on raw vegetables instead of chips or pretzels Work for an employer with a wellness program Find a workout partner
Select background factors that are important to consider when conducting an evaluation of nutritional health.
Social history Current medications Health literacy level Medical history Economic status
Citrus fruits, apples, bananas, oat and rice bran, barley, peas, and beans are major food sources of ______ fiber.
Soluble
Due to the activity of some phytochemicals, foods made from ______ can lower the production of cholesterol by the body.
Soybeans
Amylase is the enzyme needed to digest ______. Multiple choice question.
Starch
Complex carbohydrates are also known as
Starch
Choose the statements that are true about alcohol.
Supplies about 7 kcal per gram. Not considered an essential nutrient.
The main function of glucose is to
Supply Energy
What is the function of an emulsifier? Multiple choice question.
Suspends fats in water
Which of the following occurs when a person with heartburn takes an antacid?
The acidity of stomach contents is reduced.
How does denaturation of a protein affect its function? Multiple choice question.
The protein loses its normal biological activity
What is the maximum chronic daily intake level of a nutrient that is unlikely to cause adverse health effects in most all people?
Tolerable Upper Intake Level
A(n) ______ is made of three fatty acids attached to glycerol.
Triglyceride
Which of the following is the body's most efficient form of stored energy? Multiple choice question.
Triglycerides
True or false: Amino acids serve as a source of nitrogen for the human body.
True
True or false: Because of its branched structure that can be broken down quickly, glycogen is an ideal storage form of carbohydrate in the body.
True
True or false: Both fiber and starch are types of polysaccharides.
True
True or false: Eating breakfast may help to prevent overeating later in
True
True or false: Ethanol is the compound found in alcoholic beverages.
True
True or false: HDL removes cholesterol from cells and returns to the liver for excretio
True
True or false: Most body structures are made of protein. True false question.
True
True or false: Nutrition influences gene expression.
True
True or false: Plant sources of fat are good for the heart because they are usually high in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
True
True or false: The Dietary Guidelines recommend increasing whole grain intake by replacing some refined grains with whole grains. True false question.
True
True or false: The body gets nutrients from food. True false question.
True
True or false: The cooking process is often viewed as the starting point of carbohydrate digestion because cooking helps to soften the tough connective fibers in the plants. True false question.
True
True or false: The liver and muscles are the major storage sites for glycogen.
True
True or false: The primary function of carbohydrates in the body is to provide energy.
True
True or false: When dietary consumption of carbohydrates exceeds the amount needed for energy and glycogen storage, the excess carbohydrates will be stored as fat. True false question.
True
Vitamins enable many chemical reactions to occur in the body. True false question.
True
itamin B-12 is found primarily in animal foods.
True
Type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes
Type 1 diabetes matches Choice, A form of diabetes characterized by total insulin deficiency due to destruction of insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. A form of diabetes characterized by total insulin deficiency due to destruction of insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. Type 2 diabetes matches Choice, A form of diabetes characterized by insulin resistance and often associated with obesity. A form of diabetes characterized by insulin resistance and often associated with obesity. Gestational diabetes matches Choice, Occurs in some pregnant women and resolves after delivery of the baby. Occurs in some pregnant women and resolves after delivery of the baby.
When gallstones block the duct that carries bile from the gallbladder to the small intestine, a person usually experiences pain in the
Upper Right Abdomen
Choosing a number of different foods within any given food group rather than eating the same thing day after day describes a component of a healthful diet known as ______.
Variety
Which food group covers half the plate providing dense sources of nutrients and phytochemicals?
Vegetables and Fruits
Which lipoproteins are made by the liver? Multiple choice question.
Very-low-density lipoprotein
H2O is the chemical representation of Multiple choice question.
Water
Choose the factors that determine the correct amount of calories you should consume each day.
Weight age height
The combination of excess food intake and inadequate physical activity leads to
Weight Gain
Choose the interactive tools available at ChooseMyPlate.gove to help consumers learn about the Dietary Guidelines.
What's Cooking? USDA Mixing Bowl USDA's 10 Tips Nutrition Education Series
the scientific method.
When a researcher observes a natural phenomenon, forms a hypothesis about that phenomenon, and then tests the hypothesis using an experiment, she is using Multiple choice question.
Hypothesis
When a scientist suggests a possible explanation for a natural phenomenon, that explanation is called a(n)
Why do reduced-fat foods contain the same, or similar, amount of calories as their reference foods?
When fat is removed, sugar is usually added to maintain a palatable flavor and texture, usually resulting in similar energy density
Choose the food that will have the most fiber.
Whole Orange
Which of the following types of fruit are great sources of dietary fiber?
Whole and Cut up
Compared to the small intestine, the large intestine
absorbs fewer nutrients. houses more bacteria.
High intakes of ______ tend to increase the risk of developing chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity.
alcohol animal fats salt
Which polysaccharide is a digestible, branched-chain type of starch composed of glucose units?
amylopectin
Because of its branched polysaccharide structure, ______ is digested more rapidly than ______.
amylopectin; amylose
Moderation requires
avoiding megadoses of nutrients. paying attention to portion sizes of foods.
Protein deficiency is rarely an isolated condition and usually accompanies
calorie deficiency. lack of nutrients.
A defective gene that delays cholesterol removal from the bloodstream could increase an individual's risk for
cardiovascular disease
Regular physical activity reduces the risk of
cardiovascular disease. obesity. type 2 diabetes.
If a food manufacturer sets out to reduce the fat content of a cookie, the food scientists will need to consider
changes in the flavor of the food product. changes in the texture of the food product.
choose a lipid that can be synthesized by the body
cholesterol
The Dietary Guidelines urge Americans to
consume 3 or more ounces per day of whole grains. limit intake of added sugars.
Nutrition therapy for mild cases of constipation includes
consuming more fiber daily. consuming more fluids daily.
A stroke is a
decrease or loss of blood flow to the brain
The Adequate Intake is based on the
dietary intakes of people that appear to be maintaining nutritional health.
Laxatives can lessen constipation by
drawing water into the large intestine. stimulating the nerves of the GI tract. increasing fecal bulk.
dentify the dietary principles emphasized by the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid.
eat plenty of fruits and veggies, consume a variety of minimally processed foods, use olive oil and other plant oils instead of butter
A major function of phospholipids (e.g., lecithin) in foods is to act as a(n) Multiple choice question.
emulisifier
An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible owing to liquid-liquid phase separation
emulsifier
The absence of ______ from the MyPlate icon draws criticism from some experts in nutrition and health.
energy requirements serving sizes
What are the major functions of fatty acids and triglycerides in the body?
energy storage insulation transport of fat-soluble vitamin
Treatment for Mild constipation
engaging in physical activity. consuming additional fluid.
Educational level, living conditions, and economic status are part of the ______ assessment. Multiple choice question.
environmental
What deficiency would you suspect if a person has flaky and itchy skin, diarrhea, and poor wound healing with infections? Multiple choice question.
essential fatty acids
Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid are both
essential fatty acids.
A high-fiber diet may improve blood cholesterol measurements because
fatty acids produced during fermentation of soluble fiber in the large intestine reduce cholesterol synthesis in the liver. soluble fiber binds to cholesterol in the GI tract, causing it to be excreted.
Which of the following is a function of the phospholipid molecule?
formation of cell membranes
Phytochemicals
from plant-based foods help prevent chronic diseases.
Which food groups provide many high-fiber foods
grains fruits vegetables
Amylopectin Amylose
highly branched chain of glucose units highly branched chain of glucose units straight chain of glucose units straight chain of glucose units
The MyPlate icon reminds consumers Multiple select question.
how to build a healthy meal. to incorporate fruits and vegetables into meals.
What is the technical term for high blood sugar?
hyperglycemia
vitamin c
iron
Regular use of ______ may cause constipation.
iron supplements antacids calcium supplements
Obesity
is a condition characterized by excess body fat.
A ______ diet is a modified vegetarian diet that includes dairy products and eggs. Multiple choice question.
lactoovovegetarian
Choose characteristics of the low-density lipoprotein.
linked to cardiovascular disease risk carries primarily cholesterol transports cholesterol to the tissues
Gallstones may develop during rapid weight loss or prolonged fasting due to the Multiple choice question.
liver secreting more cholesterol into the bile.
the organs of digestive tract in order, from start to finish.
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large instestine
A ______ is a type of lipid made of a glycerol backbone, two fatty acids, and a phosphorus-containing group. Multiple choice question.
phospholipid
Overnutrition may result from Multiple choice question.
prolonged consumption of more nutrients than the body needs.
"Our patented Fat Buster System is guaranteed to take 2 inches off your waistline in the first week!" This claim could be identified as suspicious because it
quick fix
Intact proteins are ______ absorbed from the digestive tract.
rarely
Butter is solid at room temperature. Butter contains mostly ______ fatty acids.
saturated
Overconsumption of _____ is often linked to chronic disease.
saturated fat sodium calories
What are some natural food sources of sucrose?
sugar beets and maple sugar
The endocrine system is related to nutrition through
the effects of hormones on metabolism and growth.
Why are emulsifiers important in cooking and baking?
they keep mixtures of fat and water from separating
What are the structural components of a triglyceride?
three attached fatty acids glycerol backbone