Nutrition Prep U

b

A client has a history of long-term alcohol abuse. Which of the following nutrients would need to be required in increased amounts? a) Niacin b) Vitamin B c) Vitamin C d) Calcium

b

A client has a nursing diagnosis of Imbalanced Nutrition, Less Than Body Requirements. The client's expected outcome is: a) to maintain a clear liquid diet. b) to consume 80% of diet tray for each meal. c) to gain 5 lb in one day. d) to eat dessert after every meal.

d

A client has developed dysphagia secondary to a cerebrovascular accident. The nurse is aware that the client is at risk for: a) confusion. b) gastritis. c) incontinence. d) aspiration.

c

A 16-year-old adolescent informs her nurse that she became a vegetarian 1 year ago. Lately she is reporting fatigue and has trouble concentrating. A quick blood test ordered by her licensed provider informs the nurse that she has pernicious anemia. This is a deficiency of what vitamin? a) Folic acid b) Vitamin A c) Vitamin B12 d) Vitamin C

a

A 16-year-old adolescent informs her nurse that she became a vegetarian 1 year ago. Lately she is reporting fatigue and has trouble concentrating. A quick blood test ordered by her licensed provider informs the nurse that she has pernicious anemia. This is a deficiency of what vitamin? a) Vitamin B12 b) Folic acid c) Vitamin C d) Vitamin A

a

A 45-year-old female client on the inpatient unit has just resumed eating a normal diet. The nurse checks a blood sugar with her morning labs and the result is 98 mg/dL. How would the nurse interpret this blood glucose? a) Normal b) Severely elevated c) Low d) Mildly elevated

b c d

A 6-year-old is being cared for on an inpatient unit for treatment of intestinal malabsorption syndrome. Which might be signs of calcium deficiency? Select all that apply. a) Pale mucous membranes b) Hypertension c) Enlarged skull d) Bowed legs

a

A 66-year-old woman has atrial fibrillation for which she is on warfarin therapy. She asks the nurse if she has any dietary restrictions. The nurse would need to monitor the client's intake of: a) spinach. b) broccoli. c) mangos. d) bananas.

d

A client has just had abdominal surgery, and the nurse is consulting with him about his diet now that he is allowed to eat. Which nutrient is most important for wound healing? a) Vitamins b) Fats c) Carbohydrates d) Protein

a

A client is discussing vitamin and mineral intake with the nurse. Which client statement requires nursing intervention? a) "Taking megadoses of vitamins will help me increase muscle mass quickly." b) "The milk I drink has calcium added to it." c) "Eating raw vegetables is good, because cooking may alter the vitamin content in food." d) "I understand that my body does not manufacture vitamins."

c

A client is prescribed warfarin, an anticoagulant. When educating this client about potential diet and drug interactions, the nurse would caution the client about foods containing which nutrient? a) Potassium b) Vitamin C c) Vitamin K d) Calcium

d

A client is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The nurse will assess for complications related to what? a) Pain level during infusion b) Ability to reposition c) Nausea or vomiting d) Fluid and electrolyte levels

d

A client resides in a long-term care facility. Which nursing intervention would promote increased dietary intake? a) Allow the client to eat when he wants to. b) Feed the client his meal while in bed. c) Discourage family from visiting during meals. d) Encourage the client to eat in the dining room.

c

A client who has bleeding tendencies has a deficiency in which vitamin? a) Vitamin C b) Vitamin A c) Vitamin K d) Vitamin B

c

A client who is taking supplements complains of severe flushing and itching an hour after ingestion. The nurse is aware that the supplement is most likely? a) Riboflavin b) Folate c) Niacin d) B complex

a

A client with diabetes mellitus must monitor carbohydrate intake. Which client statement requires nursing intervention? a) "My favorite drink is coffee with sugar." b) "I'll monitor my intake of fruit juice." c) "At every meal, I eat a small portion of lean meat." d) "I like to eat eggs for breakfast."

b

A client with influenza is prescribed a diet that is rich in fiber and carbohydrates. Which would the nurse incorporate into the education plan as a major reason for the high fiber diet? a) regulation of osmotic pressure in the blood b) maintenance of normal bowel elimination c) production of hemoglobin to carry oxygen to tissues d) promotion of energy storage in adipose tissue

b

A female client has developed an abscess following abdominal surgery, and her food intake has been decreasing over the past 2 weeks. Which laboratory finding may suggest the need for nutritional support? a) Low random blood glucose levels b) Low serum albumin levels c) Proteinuria d) Increased white blood cells

c

A nurse documents a client's hemoglobin as 8 g/dL. What nutritional condition does this biochemical data signify? a) Malnutrition b) Dehydration c) Anemia d) Malabsorption

d

A nurse enters a client's room to perform a tube feeding. Which nursing action should be performed first? a) Pour a premeasured amount of tube feeding formula into the nasogastric tube. b) Flush the nasogastric tube with the ordered amount of water. c) Check gastric residual. d) Aspirate stomach contents and check pH.

b

A nurse in a rural health center meets a new client, age 4. The nurse notices as the client enters the clinic that his legs appear to be bowed. When he smiles, the nurse also notes that his dentition is quite malformed for a child his age. What vitamin deficiency would the nurse most suspect? a) Vitamin B b) Vitamin D c) Vitamin A d) Vitamin C

c

A nurse is assessing the nutritional needs of clients. Which criteria indicates that a client most likely needs total parenteral nutrition (TPN)? a) Residual of more than 100 mL b) Presence of dumping syndrome c) Absence of bowel sounds d) Serum albumin level of 2.5 g/dL or less

d

A nurse is caring for a client in a long-term care facility. The nurse is reviewing the laboratory data for this client. The nurse should notify the primary care provider if she sees a laboratory result of: a) Transferrin 360 mg/dL b) Hemoglobin 12 mg/dL c) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 17 mg/dL d) Hematocrit 35%

c d e

A nurse is caring for a client receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which facts should the nurse understand about TPN therapy? Select all that apply. a) TPN is an isotonic solution. b) Lipids are added to decrease caloric value. c) TPN requires a PICC line or central venous access. d) TPN has a high glucose concentration. e) TPN has three primary components: proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Submit your answer

d

A nurse is caring for a client who had an appendectomy earlier in the day. The client now has bowel sounds and is passing flatus. Which food is appropriate for the nurse to serve to the client at this time? a) Chopped fruit b) Sherbet c) Ensure d) Apple juice

a

A nurse is caring for a client who has a body mass index (BMI) of 26.5. Which category should the nurse understand this client would be placed in? a) Overweight b) Obese c) Underweight d) Healthy weight

d

A nurse is caring for a client who has a decrease in appetite. Which actions by the nurse would be appropriate? a) Move the bedside commode to the other side of the bed away from the meal tray. b) Give medications with the meal tray. c) Ask for double portions for the client. d) Assist with oral hygiene before serving the meal tray.

b

A nurse is caring for a client who has a nasointestinal tube inserted. The nurse is checking placement using gastric aspirate to check the pH level. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect if the tube is in the duodenum? a) The stomach pH is 4.5. b) The stomach pH is 7.5. c) The stomach pH is 5.5. d) The stomach pH is 6.5.

c

A nurse is caring for a client who has a vitamin B12 deficiency. Which food would the nurse recommend to help with this deficiency? a) Broccoli b) Pork c) Liver d) Cantaloupe

a

A nurse is caring for a client who has been admitted on the medical surgical unit. Which statement by the nurse about obtaining an initial weight is correct? a) "I need to get your weight at this time with our scales." b) "It is not necessary to get your weight until the morning." c) "Please tell me what your current weight is." d) "I can use the weight we got in the clinic before you came to the hospital."

d

A nurse is caring for a client who is not able to take food orally for 10 days and who will be on IV therapy during that period. The nurse knows that the client will likely receive which type of nutrition? a) Total parenteral nutrition b) Metabolizing nutrition c) Nasogastric feed d) Peripheral parenteral nutrition

d

A nurse is caring for a client who reports frequent nausea. Which food should the nurse recommend to the client when the nausea is relieved? a) Carbonated beverages b) Boiled vegetables c) Mashed potatoes d) Clear fruit juices

d

A nurse is caring for a client with a nasogastric tube. The nurse enters the room to flush the nasogastric tube and check gastric residual. Which action should the nurse perform first? a) Check placement of the tube. b) Flush the tube with the ordered amount of water. c) Aspirate gastric contents with a syringe. d) Elevate the head of the bed.

b

A nurse is conducting a health history interview for an older adult. Which question or statement should the nurse prioritize for nutritional assessment? a) "When did you first notice that you had this sore on your heel?" b) "Which prescribed and over-the-counter medicines do you take?" c) "What kinds of foods did you prepare when you were younger?" d) "Why don't you consider eating more meat? You need protein."

a d e

A nurse is discussing vitamin supplementation. Which groups are more prone to mild vitamin deficiencies? Select all that apply. a) Pregnant or lactating women b) Non-smokers c) Middle-age adults d) Strict vegetarians e) Adolescents

b

A nurse is establishing an ideal body weight for a 5'9" (175 cm) healthy female. Based on the rule-of-thumb method, what would be this client's ideal weight? a) 135 lb/ 61.2 kg b) 145 lb/ 65.7 kg c) 140 lb/ 63.5 kg d) 130 lb/ 58.9 kg

a

A nurse is estimating caloric requirements for a female patient whose healthy weight is 120 pounds and whose activity level is moderate. This patient's recommended total daily calories is: a) 1,680 b) 1,200 c) 1,560 d) 1,440

a c d

A nurse is inserting a nasogastric tube in a client with an ileus. Which actions would be appropriate for the nurse to use to confirm correct placement of the tube? Select all that apply. a) Aspirate stomach contents to check pH level. b) Listen for gurgling at the end of the nasogastric tube. c) Measure tube length and tube marking. d) Do a radiographic examination. e) Auscultate injected air over the epigastric space.

D

A nurse is learning about religious dietary restrictions at a nursing conference. Which of the following religious meal selections should the nurse understand is appropriate? a) Orthodox Jews: Grilled shrimp b) Mormons: Toast with coffee c) Orthodox Jews: Grilled pork chop d) Hindus: Vegetable plate

d

A nurse is teaching a client about diabetes and glucose monitoring. What should the nurse include in the teaching? a) Glucose levels will decrease with illness and stress. b) Calibrate the glucose meter every six months. c) Use a forearm sample with signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. d) Blood from the fingertips shows changes in glucose more quickly than other testing sites.

a b c

A nurse is teaching a client about nutrition. Which facts should the nurse include about fat-soluble vitamins? Select all that apply. a) Fat-soluble vitamins are A, D, E, and K. b) Fat-soluble vitamins must be attached to a protein for transport in the blood. c) Deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins can occur with malabsorption syndromes. d) The body excretes all excess water-soluble vitamins. e) Deficiencies may take hours or days to develop.

d

A nurse is teaching an adolescent client about nutrition following a hospital admission. What should the nurse understand about adolescent nutrition? a) Adolescents tend to eat meals at home. b) Adolescents eat their food slowly. c) Nutritional needs decrease during adolescence. d) Childhood nutrition problems may worsen during adolescence.

b

A nurse is working with a 45-year-old construction worker. The nurse obtains his height and weight and calculates that his BMI is 28. How would the nurse best classify James? a) Ideal body weight (IBW) b) Overweight c) Obese d) Underweight

a

A nurse is working with a 46-year-old woman who is working to lose weight. Based on recommendations from the USDA regarding diet modification, which is not appropriate advice for this client? a) Drink juice for majority of fluid intake. b) Make fruits and vegetables at least half of total food intake. c) Drink nonfat or 1% milk. d) Eat a variety of enjoyable foods, but less quantity.

b c d

A nurse is working with a 54-year-old obese man who is interested in losing weight. He asks the nurse why trans fats are so bad for you. The nurse's response includes which answers? Select all that apply. a) Trans fats raise HDL levels. b) Trans fats raise cholesterol levels. c) Trans fats raise LDL levels. d) Trans fats lower HDL levels.

c

A nurse teaches a student nurse about the role fats play in the human body. What is the major storage form of fat? a) lipids b) trans fats c) triglycerides d) cholesterol

b c e

A nurse who is planning a diet for a client who has anorexia chooses nutrients that supply energy to the body. Which nutrients are these? Select all that apply. a) Minerals b) Lipids c) Protein d) Water e) Carbohydrates f) Vitamins

d

A physician orders nutritional therapy administered via a central vein for a patient who cannot take foods orally. What is the term for this type of nutrition? a) Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy tube (PEJ) b) Partial or peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) c) Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube (PEG) d) Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)

b

A woman age 20 years has announced her intention to implement a zero-fat diet in order to lose weight and maximize her health. What is a potential consequence of completely eliminating fat sources from the woman's diet? a) impaired tissue growth and repair b) impaired vitamin absorption c) decreased production of antibodies d) decreased water absorption in the colon

d

A woman consumes pasta, grains, and other carbohydrates for which purpose? a) Weight loss b) Source of fiber c) Weight gain d) Energy

a

An athlete wants to increase the intake of complex carbohydrates and asks the nurse about potential sources. Which of the following foods is considered a complex carbohydrate? a) Pasta b) Eggs c) Peanuts d) Honey

b

An older adult client has a decubitus ulcer with drainage, dysphagia, and immobility. She consumes less than 300 calories per day and has a large amount of interstitial fluid. The client is in a state of: a) anabolism. b) negative nitrogen balance. c) positive nitrogen balance. d) digestion.

c

At what percentage of weight over ideal weight is a person considered obese? a) 60% b) 40% c) 20% d) 100%

d

What health problem may occur in a person who is on a low-carbohydrate diet for a long period of time? a) obesity b) infection c) fatigue d) ketosis

a

During a visit to the pediatrician's office, a mother inquires about adding solid foods to the diet of her infant age 6 months. What does the nurse inform the mother? a) New foods should be introduced one at a time for a period of five to seven days. b) It is too early to add solid foods to the infant's diet. c) Adding solid foods is fine at this age, but avoid iron-fortified foods. d) A new solid food should be introduced daily to the infant's diet for a week.

b

What consideration based on gender would a nurse make when planning a menu for a male client with well-defined muscle mass? a) Men have a higher need for minerals. b) Men have a higher need for proteins. c) Men have a lower need for vitamins. d) Men have a lower need for carbohydrates.

a

The average dietary nutrient intake level that meets the nutritional requirement of almost all healthy people in a selected age and gender group is the: a) RDA level b) AI level c) EAR level d) UL level

b

The nurse has observed that a client's food intake has diminished in recent days. What intervention should the nurse perform in order to stimulate the client's appetite? a) Offer larger meals and encourage the client to eat as much as is comfortable. b) Try to ensure that the client's food is attractive and sufficiently warm. c) Offer nutritional supplements and explain the potential benefits of each. d) Reduce the frequency of meals in order to allow the client to develop an appetite.

a b e

The nurse is assessing adequate nutrition for residents of a long-term care facility. Which strategies are recommended to address age-related changes affecting nutrition? Select all that apply. a) Eat a high-fiber diet for slowed intestinal peristalsis. b) Avoid cold liquids with decreased peristalsis in the esophagus. c) Eat more protein for lowered glucose tolerance. d) Serve a variety of foods at each meal for loss of sense of taste and smell. e) Avoid eating right before bedtime for gastroesophageal reflux. f) Offer large meals at frequent intervals for reduction in appetite and thirst sensation.

b

The nurse is assessing clients for basal metabolic rate (BMR). Which client would the nurse suspect would have an increased BMR? a) a client who is asleep b) a client who has a fever c) an older adult client d) a client who is fasting

c d f

The nurse is attempting to insert an NG tube and, as the tube is passing through the pharynx, the client begins to retch and gag. What nursing interventions are appropriate in this situation? Select all that apply. a) Inspect the other nostril and attempt to pass the nasogastric tube down that nostril. b) Insert a nasointestinal tube. c) Have the emesis basin nearby in case client begins to vomit. d) Ask the client if he needs to pause before continuing insertion. e) Give small air boluses until gastric contents can be aspirated. f) Continue to advance tube when the client relates that he is ready.

c

The nurse is caring for a client who refuses most foods on the dietary tray. Which nursing intervention is appropriate? a) Delegate feeding assistance to the unlicensed assistive personnel. b) Allow the client privacy during mealtime. c) Assess when client generally eats meals. d) Contact the healthcare provider to prescribe an appetite stimulant.

d

The nurse is caring for a patient who has dysphagia and is unable to eat independently. While assisting the patient in eating, which of the following actions is most appropriate for the nurse? a) Encourage the patient to eat using a consistent, efficient pace to prevent hot foods from becoming too cool and cool foods from becoming too warm. b) Arrange food items in a clock face pattern and inform the patient what time on a clock corresponds to each food item. c) Create a positive social environment by asking the patient about childhood food memories. d) Speak to the patient, but reduce the number of distractions while patient is eating.

a

The nurse is caring for four clients. Which does the nurse identify as highest risk for development of cardiometabolic syndrome? a) 36-year old with obesity who smokes b) 59-year old with lupus who exercises three times weekly c) 23-year old with ankle fracture and anxiety d) 44-year old with hypertension and undernutrition

b

The nurse is caring for four older adult clients. Which does the nurse identify as highest risk for cardiometabolic syndrome? a) 72-year old who is 66 inches (167.64 cm) tall b) 70-year old with a body mass index (BMI) of 34.8 c) 68-year old with osteoarthritis d) 66-year old who is of normal weight

b

The nurse is helping a client with low-fat dietary order to eat breakfast. Which food will the nurse remove from the dietary tray? a) coffee b) whole milk c) egg whites d) wheat toast

a

The nurse is teaching a new mother who is not breast-feeding her infant. What nutrient must be supplemented by the mother? a) Iron b) Vitamin C c) Protein d) Calcium

b c d e

The nurse is teaching a parent of a toddler about healthy eating habits. Which practices will the nurse recommend? (Select all that apply.) a) Promote food preferences in early childhood. b) Educate self and family about nutrition. c) Make time available for food preparation. d) Encourage healthy body image. e) Establish patterns for meals.

b c d e

The nurse is teaching an older adult client about different types of proteins that can be eaten. Which food will the nurse identify that contain dietary protein? (Select all that apply.)` a) butter b) fish c) nuts d) poultry e) beans

b

The nurse maintains the head of the bed elevated 30 degrees for a client who is receiving continuous tube feedings in order to prevent: a) residual. b) aspiration. c) leakage. d) coughing.

c d f

The nurse researches factors that may alter nutrition. Which statements accurately describe factors that influence nutritional status? Select all that apply. a) During adulthood, there is an increase in the basal metabolic rate (BMR) with each decade. b) Because of the changes related to aging, the caloric needs of the older adult increase. c) Men and women differ in their nutrient requirements. d) During pregnancy and lactation, nutrient requirements increase. e) Trauma, surgery, and burns decrease nutrient requirements. f) Nutritional needs per unit of body weight are greater in infancy than at any other time in life.

c d e

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has been ordered for a client. The nurse is aware that the assessment criteria for ordering TPN is what? Select all that apply. a) Intact gastrointestinal tract b) Tolerating a full fluid diet c) Client is not able to absorb nutrients properly d) Renal or hepatic failure e) A debilitating condition for more than 2 weeks

c

Upon assessment, the nurse determines the client has a body mass index (BMI) of 45. This finding indicates the client is: a) obese. b) underweight. c) extremely obese. d) normal weight.

a

What is the body mass index (BMI) of a client who is 1.68 meters tall and weighs 70 kg? a) 24.8 b) 20.2 c) 22.4 d) 26.2

d e f

When teaching a client, which laboratory tests will the nurse identify that assess cardiac and vascular disease risk? (Select all that apply.) a) creatinine b) BUN c) CBC with differential d) lipoprotein level e) triglyceride level f) cholesterol level

b

Which client's laboratory data indicates the need to include interventions in the nursing plan of care specifically aimed at cardiac and vascular disease? a) total serum cholesterol of 200 mg/dL; HDL 50 mg/100 mg/dL b) total serum cholesterol of 180 mg/dL; HDL 32 mg/100 mg/dL c) total serum cholesterol of 150 mg/dL; HDL 43 mg/100 mg/dL d) total serum cholesterol of 190 mg/dL; HDL 60 mg/100 mg/dL

b e f

Which clients would the nurse expect to have an increase in BMR? Select all that apply. a) an adult who has hypersomnia b) a toddler who is having a growth spurt c) an older adult client who is in a long-term care facility d) a teenager who has been fasting to lose weight e) an adolescent who has a fever f) an adult who is going through an emotional time due to divorce

a d e

Which clients, at risk for poor nutritional intake, would benefit from nutritional counseling from the nurse? (Select all that apply.) a) people with substance abuse problems b) individuals who prefer to purchase food from local farmers c) children of middle-income parents d) older adults living on fixed incomes e) pregnant teenagers

b

Which food choice should the nurse include in the plan of care for client who wants to increase the dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids? a) granola b) salmon c) spinach d) low-fat milk

c

Which food eaten with peanut butter would provide the client with complete protein? a) Carrots b) Tofu (soybean curd) c) Milk d) Wheat bread

d

Which laboratory test is the best indicator of a client in need of TPN? a) Hematocrit b) Creatinine c) Hemoglobin d) Serum albumin

b c e

Which measures are used by the nurse to confirm the correct placement of a nasogastric feeding tube? Select all that apply. a) auscultating injected air b) monitoring carbon dioxide levels c) measuring tube length d) instilling fluid into the tube e) measuring the pH level of aspirated contents

d

Which method of feeding would a nurse normally provide if a client can attempt eating regular meals during the day and is prepared to ambulate and resume activities? a) Ambulatory feeding b) Intermittent feeding c) Continuous feeding d) Cyclic feeding

c

Which nursing action associated with successful tube feedings follows recommended guidelines? a) Assess for bowel sounds at least 4 times per shift to ensure the presence of peristalsis and a functional intestinal tract. b) Check tube placement by adding food dye to the tube feed as a means of detecting aspirated fluid. c) Check the residual before each feeding or every 4 to 8 hours during a continuous feeding. d) Prevent contamination during enteral feedings by using an open system.

b

Which nursing action is performed according to guidelines for aspirating fluid from a small-bore feeding tube? a) Place the client in the Trendelenburg position to facilitate the fluid aspiration process. b) If fluid is obtained when aspirating, measure its volume and pH and flush the tube with water. c) Continue to instill air until fluid is aspirated. d) Use a small syringe and insert 10 mL of air.

b

Which nutrient does the nurse identify as appropriate for a client with a normal dietary order who is consuming 2000 calories daily? a) sodium less than 2000 mg b) total fat less than 65 g c) saturated fat greater than 20 mg d) cholesterol greater than 300 mg

a

Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin? a) Vitamin E b) Vitamin C c) Vitamin B6 d) Vitamin B12

c

Which vitamin is found only in animal foods? a) Vitamin C b) Vitamin D c) Vitamin B12 d) Vitamin A

a

You are the nurse caring for a client with an enlarged thyroid gland. You anticipate which nutritional deficiency is linked to the client's condition? a) Iodine b) Potassium c) Magnesium d) Sodium