nutrition prep-u ch 8

A nurse is providing nutritional instruction to a client with cardiovascular disease. The nurse mentions a nutrient that is a necessary component of bile salts (which aid in digestion), serves as an essential element in all cell membranes, is found in brain and nerve tissue, and is essential for the production of several hormones such as estrogen, testosterone, and cortisone. The nurse warns the client, however, that this nutrient when consumed in excess can lead to heart attacks and strokes. To which of the following nutrients is the nurse referring? -Unsaturated fat -Saturated fat -Protein -Cholesterol

Cholesterol

An older adult client has a body mass index of 15.5 and is consequently considered to be underweight. The client lives alone and states that she has "never been a heavy eater." How can the nurse most accurately assess the client's nutritional habits? -Assess the client's waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio. -Elicit the client's 24-hour food recall. -Have the client describe an "ideal" meal. -Measure the client's mid-arm circumference.

Elicit the client's 24-hour food recall.

Based only on anthropometric measurements, which set of clients listed below are at the greatest risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease? -Clients with a BMI of 20. -Clients with a BMI of 23. -Females with 88.9 cm (35 in) or greater waist circumference. -Males with 88.9 cm (35 in) or greater waist circumference.

Females with 88.9 cm (35 in) or greater waist circumference.

A client with diabetes mellitus visits the health care clinic with reports of excessive thirst and excessive urination. She states that her appetite has been low for the past 3 months, and has lost 20 pounds. Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse confirm based on this data? -Fluid volume, excessive -Knowledge deficit -Activity intolerance -Imbalanced nutrition

Imbalanced nutrition

When teaching a nutrition class, what would you recommend for adults older than the age of 50? -Increase foods rich in vitamin B12 and calcium -Increase foods rich in vitamin B6 and vitamin D -Increase foods rich in vitamin B6 and saturated fats -Increase foods rich in vitamin E and folic acid

Increase foods rich in vitamin B12 and calcium

In planning to meet the nutritional needs of a critically ill patient in the intensive care unit, which factor will increase the patient's basal metabolic rate? -Advanced age -Infection -Prolonged fasting -Long periods of sleep

Infection

A client is receiving an intradermal injection to evaluate general immunity during a nutritional assessment. What conclusion is suggested if the client has no reaction? -It is indicative of unhealthy dietary habits. -It shows a sacrifice of skeletal muscle proteins and blood proteins. -It may be immunosuppression resulting from undernourishment. -It indicates high cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

It may be immunosuppression resulting from undernourishment.

A nurse needs to record the height of a client who refuses to stand because of blisters on the feet. What alternative method should the nurse implement to obtain the client's height? -Measure the arm span to estimate height -Obtain this information subjectively from the client -Provide support or hold the client to record the height -Use a standard chart for height by age and gender

Measure the arm span to estimate height

A client asks for help with determining the amount and type of foods to consume to improve nutritional intake. What should the nurse recommend that this client use? -My Plate -calorie counter -an 1800 calorie diet -Healthy People 2020

My Plate

You are the clinic nurse assessing a new patient that has come in to see a physician. The assessment data that you collect reveals that the patient is a 23 year-old female weighing 175 lb with a height of 5 ft 3 in. Her body mass index is 31. What would she be considered? -Average weight -Underweight -Obese -Overweight

Obese

A nurse obtains a height measurement on an elderly client and notes that the height has decreased from 5 years ago. What is an appropriate action by the nurse? -Obtain a height with the client lying down on the exam table -Compare the new height to the client weight to assess for changes in body mass index (BMI) -Measure the arm span and record the taller measurement -Record this measurement in the client chart and alert the health care provider

Record this measurement in the client chart and alert the health care provider

Which of the following problems results from a deficiency in vitamin D? -Scuvery -Clotting disorder -Night blindness -Rickets

Rickets

Assessment of a client reveals a history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, weight loss, polyuria, poor skin turgor, nausea, loss of appetite, and a blood glucose level measured by finger stick of 348 mg/dL. What nursing diagnosis would be priority? -Potential complication: hypertension -Risk for imbalanced fluid volume related to inadequate oral intake and frequent urination -Powerlessness related to diabetes self-care and management -Imbalanced nutrition: more than body requirements related to diabetes

Risk for imbalanced fluid volume related to inadequate oral intake and frequent urination

A nurse is providing nutritional instruction at a health fair. She instructs passersby on the characteristics of a nutrient that is the body's first source of energy, sparing use of other nutrients for this purpose, that raises the blood glucose level, is found in fruit juices, and that can be converted quickly into energy. To which of the following nutrients is the nurse referring? -Fats -Simple carbohydrates -Proteins -Complex carbohydrates

Simple carbohydrates

The nurse's assessment reveals that a client is in a low percentile for midarm muscle circumference (MAMC) and a high percentile for triceps skin fold (TSF) thickness. Which of the following would be appropriate? -Assisting client in reducing the amount of fluid build-up -Discussing ways to increase body fat stores -Teaching the client muscle-building exercises -Encouraging the use of a multivitamin supplement

Teaching the client muscle-building exercises

The nurse is completing a comprehensive nutritional assessment and has assessed and documented the client's triceps skin fold thickness (TSF). This assessment finding allows the nurse to determine which of the following? -The client's body mass index -The client's proportion of muscle mass -The amount of the client's subcutaneous fat stores -The client's ratio of muscle to adipose tissue

The amount of the client's subcutaneous fat stores

A nurse is conducting a comprehensive nutritional assessment on a patient with suspected malnutrition. Why would it be important to assess this patient's ability to cook? -To determine the patient's understanding of the principles of nutrition -To evaluate the patient's food preferences -To determine if the patient is interested in preparing nutritious food -To assess if the patient has the ability to obtain or prepare food

To assess if the patient has the ability to obtain or prepare food

A 34-year-old woman who is conscientious about fostering and maintaining her health has brought up the question of trans fats after hearing a great deal about the subject in recent media reports. Which of the following statements from the nurse about trans fats is most accurate? -Trans fat levels are especially high in products like butter, cream, and cheese. -Trans fats are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. -Trans fats include omega-3 and polyunsaturated fats. -It is important to meet, but not greatly exceed, the recommended daily intake of trans fats.

Trans fats are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease.

The nurse might expect the patient admitted with dehydration to have tachycardia. -True -False

True

When beginning a height measurement on a 14-year-old, the nurse should instruct the patient to stand on the scale with his back to the wall. -True -False

True

A nurse is teaching a class on diet and nutrition to a group of mothers who are breast-feeding their infants. What would the nurse tell the group is the emphasis of nutritional guidelines? -Increased intake of meats -Decreased intake of grains -Variety -Weight loss

Variety

What is the most common measurement used to determine abdominal visceral fat? -Waist circumference. -Body mass index. -Triceps skinfold thickness. -Subcutaneous fat determination.

Waist circumference.

A client has just had abdominal surgery and the nurse is consulting with the patient about his diet now that he is allowed to eat. Which nutrient is most important for wound healing? -Vitamins -Carbohydrates -Protein -Fats

Protein

When assessing a client, which of the following would the nurse identify as an early indicator of malnutrition? -Calcium levels drop -Fat is used for missing nutrients -Hemoglobin levels decrease -Protein stores are lower

Protein stores are lower

A group of students is reviewing information about general assessment indicators of nutritional status. The students demonstrate a need for additional review when they identify which of the following as an indicator of adequate nutritional status? -Elastic skin -Pink mucous membranes -Thinning, dry hair -Flat, firm abdomen

Thinning, dry hair

Which measurement should the nurse add to the body mass index to increase the predictive ability for the client? -Mid-arm muscle circumference -Mid-arm circumference -Waist circumference -Triceps' skinfold measurement

Waist circumference

A teenage client with cancer asks the nurse what hair is made of. What would be the nurse's best answer? -"Hair consists mostly of cellular waste." -"Hair consists mostly of inorganic matter." -"Hair consists mostly of carbohydrates." -"Hair consists mostly of protein."

"Hair consists mostly of protein."

During a new client's nutritional assessment, the nurse asks the client's height and usual weight. The client states that he has no idea how much he weighs. How should the nurse respond? -"How would you describe your feelings around your body type and body mass?" -"Has your weight increased, decreased, or stayed the same lately?" -"Can you tell me what you eat and drink in a typical day?" -"Why do you feel that it's not important to monitor your weight?"

"Has your weight increased, decreased, or stayed the same lately?"

The nurse is preparing to perform a nutritional assessment of a newly admitted client. What question would be most appropriate for the nurse to ask when initiating the assessment? -"Did you eat breakfast today?" -"How many meals do you eat each day?" -"What have you eaten in the last 24 hours?" -"How often do you eat out?"

"What have you eaten in the last 24 hours?"

Parents of a 15 month old state they are worried about the rolls of fat on the toddler's thighs; so they have switched him over to skim milk. What is the nurse's best response? -"You should transition to skim milk by giving him 2% milk first." -"Whole milk is recommended until age 2." -"As he starts walking more, he will develop more fat rolls." -"You should start seeing some weight loss while he's drinking the skim milk."

"Whole milk is recommended until age 2."

A nurse is assessing a client's nutrition. Which of the following would best assist in assessing a client's dietary habits? (Select all that apply.) -Assess for the presence of any chronic illnesses that affect intake or absorption of nutrients -Ask about how much food is eaten at an average meal -Obtain a 24-hour dietary recall of all foods and fluids consumed -Obtain height and weight measurements

-Assess for the presence of any chronic illnesses that affect intake or absorption of nutrients

A nurse assesses a 105-pound adult client who is 5 feet 8 inches tall. What is the estimated body mass index (BMI) for this client? -16 -18 -22 -20

16

A nurse assesses a 114-pound adult client who is 5 feet 5 inches tall. What is the estimated body mass index (BMI) for this client? -21 BMI -22 BMI -20 BMI -19 BMI

19 BMI

A nurse assesses a 175-pound adult client who is 5 feet 11 inches tall. What is the estimated body mass index (BMI) for this client? -29.9 -18.9 -34.4 -24.4

24.4

A client weighs 175 pounds and is 5 feet 6 inches tall. The nurse determines that the client's body mass index is which of the following? -12 -18 -28 -25

28

An individual is considered obese when his or her BMI is: -25-29 -Less than 24 -30-39 -Greater than 40

30-39

Which of the following measurements of waist circumference would lead the nurse to suspect that a female client is at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes? -34 inches -30 inches -36 inches -32 inches

36 inches

A patient is interested in losing 15 pounds, and she informs the nurse she is counting her calorie intake each day. The patient has a goal of losing 1 pound a week until she reaches her goal. The patient asks the nurse how many calories she should decrease daily to lose a pound a week. What is the nurse's best response? -500 calories/day -300 calories/day -200 calories/day -400 calories/day

500 calories/day

A nurse in the intensive care unit is calculating an acutely ill client's 24-hour fluid balance. The nurse should include insensible fluid losses of what volume when performing this assessment? -450 to 650 mL -1200 to 1400 mL -100 to 300 mL -800 to 1000 mL

800 to 1000 mL

A patient describes probable night blindness. Intake of what vitamin should be evaluated? -D -C -A -B

A

Which of the following clients most likely has the greatest need for a folic acid supplement? -A 26-year-old man who is a competitive athlete and has a BMI of 17.5 -A 62-year-old man recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes -A 31-year-old woman trying to become pregnant -A 73-year-old woman with a history of osteoporosis who has recently suffered a hip fracture

A 31-year-old woman trying to become pregnant

A nurse is working with a client with a chronic disease that has contributed to the client developing cachexia, a type of malnutrition. As a result, the client demonstrates abnormal metabolic rate, anorexia, muscle wasting, severe weight loss, and general decline in condition. Which chronic disease, strongly associated with cachexia, does the client most likely have? -Cardiovascular disease -Diabetes -Osteoporosis -Cancer

Cancer