Nutrition Test 2

lipoprotein with highest cholesterol

LDL (very-low density lipoprotein) contains about 15% of the cholesterol in the bloodstream

type 1 diabetes

autoimmune disease that occurs when certain immune system cells malfunction and do not recognize the body's own beta cells. Certain exposure to certain viral infections increases chances, infants who drink cows milk

sources of saturated fat

beef fat, butter, cocoa butter, coconut oil

protein broken down in digestion

begins in the stomach, where hydrochloric acid denatures food proteins and pepsin, an enzyme, digests protein into smaller polypeptides.

The most common name for glucose is ______ sugar.

blood

Carter wants to lower his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, he should limit his intake of

butter and beef

fructose food sources

called fruit sugar. found in fruits honey and vegetables high fructose corn syrup, most converted to glucose or fat

galactose

carb found in milk, found after women have babies

Which of the following characteristics increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

native-american ancestry

foods that lower cholesterol

oat cereal,

enzymes in digestion of protein

pepsin (digests proteins into smaller polypetitides), Trypsin and chromotrypsin (break down polypeptides into shorter peptides

cholecystokinin (CCK)

formed when fatty chyme leaves the stomach and enters your small intestine, it stimulates certain intestinal cells to release the hormone. CCK signals the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes into the duodenum in the small intestine

glucose food sources

fruits and vegetables berries grapes corn and carrots

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are

galactose, glucose and fructose

Which of the following foods is a high-protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal proteins?

8 ounce glass of soy milk

_______ acid is an essential fatty acid.

Alpha-linolenic

_____ is the process in which cells deposit cholesterol and other substances under the lining of an artery, forming arterial plaque.

Atherosclerosis

Which of the following substances is often referred to as "good" cholesterol?

HDL Cholesterol

Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol?

LDL

high fructose corn syrup

a food additive to satisfy American's demand for soft drinks, candies and baked goods.

Which of the following statements is true?

all of these are true

essential fatty acids

alpha-linolenic and linolenic acids. The body cannot sythesize these two polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are supplied by the diet

sources of protein in american diet

animal sources

function of lipids

are crucial components of the plasma membrane that surround each human cell. stores energy, insulates you against cold temperatures, protects against minor bruising, enhance intestinal absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and phytochemicals.

Which of the following foods are not usually associated with food allergy?

carrots and celery

When Thompson was 5 years of age, he began to complain that his stomach hurt, especially after eating meals and snacks. He also experienced chronic diarrhea. His parents noticed that he could eat fruits and vegetables without developing any intestinal problems, but he would get a "tummy ache" soon after eating sandwiches, crackers, or pancakes. Based on this information, Thompson's parents should have him evaluated for

celiac disease

ketones

chemicals that result from the incomplete breakdown of fat. formed if someone uses greater than normal amounts of fat for energy. The excess forms ketones

Hillary would like to add more soluble fiber to her diet. Which of the following foods should she add?

citrus fruits

When he prepares food, Edgar wants to use ingredients that are not high in trans fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats should he include in his recipes?

corn oil

Which of the following groups of foods are sources of starch?

corn potatoes and rice

Chronic alcohol abuse

damages the heart muscle

Pancreatic amylase

digests starch in the small intestine.

risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD)

family history of it, increasing age, race/ethnic background, male sex, hypertension, diabetes, elevated blood cholesterol, excess body fat, physical inactivity, and tobacco use or exposure to tobacco smoke

sources of unsaturated fat

fatty acid that is missing hydrogen atoms and has one or more double bonds within the carbon chain. foods are liquid at room temperature. some examples include olive oil, peanut oil, and corn oil.

_________ is a primary fuel for muscles and other cells.

glucose

most important dietary monosaccharides for humans

glucose, fructose, and galactose

sources of essential amino acids

histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine

insulin

hormone that helps regulate blood glucose levels

In the stomach, _____ participate in the chemical digestion of protein.

hydrochloric acid and pepsin

effects of chronic alcohol abuse

impairs brain functioning, increases risk of cancer, causes flushing of skin and heat loss, damages heart muscle, irritates stomach lining, impairs pancrease and interferes with nutrient absorption

risk factors of type 2 diabetes

individuals who are physically inactive, overweight or obese, and genetically related to a close family member with it

celiac disease

is a common inherited condition that results in poor absorption of nutrients from the small intestine

how to lower risk of CVD

life choices, avoid tobacco, limit intake of saturated fat, excersize regularly, and maintain healthy body weight

The ____ is the primary site for nonessential amino acid production in humans.

liver

which organ detoxifies alcohol

liver

_________ is an essential amino acid.

lysine

The typical American eats more protein from _____ than he or she did in the early 1900s.

meat

sources of high-quality protein

meat, fish, poultry, eggs, and milk and milk products

The basic chemical unit of carbohydrate is a __________ molecule.

monosaccharide

food that cause allergic resposes

most allergenic proteins are cow's milk, eggs, peanuts, and other nuts, wheat, soybean, fish, and shellfish

role of glucose

primary fuel for muscle and other cells also called dextrose and called blood sugar

The body uses essential fatty acids to make

prostaglandins

In the body, lipids

provide insulation against cold temperatures

Which of the following foods is a rich source of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)?

regular soft drink

typical diet for vegans

semivegetarian - all except red meat lacto milk and milk products, no animal flesh or eggs ovo eggs but no other animal lactoovo milk and milk products and eggs fruit no animal foods, fruits, nuts and seeds

difference between soluble and insoluble

soluble dissolves in water and insoluble does not

chemical unit of carbs

sugars or monosaccharides

daily limits of fat

the acceptable macronutrient distribution range says 20-35% of total calories. some should limit to less to emphasize foods that are rich sources of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids

essential amino acid

there are nine that must be supplied by foods because the body cannot synthesize them or make enough to meet its needs

soluble fiber

these include peptins and gums, dissolve or swell in water. Major food sources include oatmeal, oat bran, beans, apples, carrots, oranges and other citrus fruits and psyllium seeds

Which of the following substances is an enzyme that participates in the digestion of proteins?

trypsin

Which of the following foods is naturally a good source of high-quality protein?

tuna fish

Animal foods supply almost ____ of the protein in the typical American's diet.

two-thirds

omega 3 fatty acids

type of polyunsaturated fatty acid. alpha linolenic acid is an example. The 3 refers to the position of the first double bond that appears in the fatty acid's carbon chain, when you start counting carbons at the omega end of the molecule. EPA and DHA is made from the alpha-linolenic acid

where nonessential amino acids are produced in humans

type of protein

sources of trans fat

whole milk and products, butter, and meat naturally, processed foods and margerines,

Leah's parents are afraid the five-year-old will develop tooth decay if she chews gum that is sweetened with sugar. Based on this information, Leah's parents should buy chewing gum that is sweetened with

xylitol