Nutrition Test 3: Chapter 16-20

What percentage of cells of the body are white blood cells? A) 0.01 B) 0.1 C) 1 D) 10

1

Approximately what percentage of the worlds population experiences persistent hunger? A) 4 B) 13 C) 19 D) 50

13

What is the minimum recommended safe temperature to heat leftovers? A) 140 B) 152 C) 165 D) 180

165

What is the recommended minimum amount of time for washing hands with warm water and soap before preparing or eating food? A) 5 to 10 seconds B) 20 seconds C) 1 /2 to 1 minute D) 3 minutes

20 seconds

What would be a normal body weight after 1 year for a healthy infant with a birthweight of 8 lbs? A) 12 lbs B) 16 lbs C) 24 lbs D) 35 lbs

24 lbs

Approximately what percentage of children worldwide have protein energy malnutrition? A) 1 B) 5 C) 25 D) 50

25

Approximately what percentage of the worlds new infants are currently born into poverty? A) 5 B) 25 C) 55 D) 95

25

Leftover foods that are promptly refrigerated may be safely eaten within A) 8 to 12 hours. B) 1 to 2 days. C) 3 to 4 days. D) 1 week

3 to 4 days.

By what age do most people first have well developed arterial plaque? A) 30 B) 40 C) 50 D) 60

30

What fraction of reported foodborne illnesses can be attributed to the food industry? A) 1/10 B) 1/3 C) 1/2 D) 4/5

4/5

What was the average life expectancy of a person born in the year 1900? A) 47 years B) 55 years C) 61 years D) 68 years

47 years

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, how many people in the United States experience foodborne illnesses every year? A) 0.5 million B) 12 million C) 48 million D) 150 million

48 million

What is the minimum number of glasses of water per day recommended for older adults? A) 4 B) 6 C) 8 D) 10

6

Approximately what number of children worldwide die each year of malnutrition and malnutrition-related causes? A) 50,000 B) 500,000 C) 3.8 million D) 7.6 million

7.6 million

What is the life expectancy of black males and females in the United States? A) 71 males, 77 years females B) 78 males, 85 years females C) 85 males, 89 years females D) 90 males, 93 years females

71 males, 77 years females

Approximately what percentage of a person's life expectancy is dependent upon his personal behavior? A) 0 B) 25 C) 50 D) 75

75

What is the life expectancy of white males and females in the United States? A) 62 males, 68 years females B) 76 males, 81 years females C) 82 males, 86 years females D) 87 males, 90 years females

76 males, 81 years females

Why should new foods be introduced to an infant one at a time? A. Immunological protection hasn't been developed B. Any allergic reactions can be detected C. It prevents overfeeding D. The swallowing reflex is not under voluntary control

Any allergic reactions can be detected

The worst famine in the 20th century occurred in A) India B) China C) Africa D) Ireland

China

Recent outbreaks among consumers who ate peanut butter products, eggs, and cantaloupe were caused by which two organisms? A) Listeria and Yersinia B) Salmonella and Listeria C) Giardia and Campylobacter D) Campylobacter and Salmonella

Salmonella and Listeria

What is the largest federal food assistance program in the United States? A) WIC B) EAT C) National Food Resource Program D) Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

Which of the following is a feature of infant soy formulas? A. They are used in about 1% of the infant population B. They are identical to milk-based formulas except for the protein source C. They contain cornstarch and sucrose rather than lactose D. They are not acceptable to vegan families because the formulas contain omega-3 fatty acids from fish

They contain cornstarch and sucrose rather than lactose

What is the principal reason that information about fat on food labels of infant foods is intentionally omitted? A. Infants have a rapid growth rate and will adjust their overall food intake to meet their needs B. To prevent parents from restricting their infants' fat intake C. By law, the fat content is uniformly set at 30% of total energy for all infant foods and therefore is not required to be listed D. By law, the fat content must have equivalent amounts of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats to provide between 30 and 35% of total energy

To prevent parents from restricting their infants' fat intake

A period of extreme food shortage resulting in widespread starvation and death is known as A) a plague B) a famine C) food poverty D) food insecurity

a famine

Which of the following is a characteristic of botulism? A) a chief symptom is diarrhea B) a full recovery may take years C) it is caused by the organism Staphylococcus aureus D) it is a toxicant produced in foods stored under aerobic conditions

a full recovery may take years

What is colostrum? A) a clot in the bloodstream B) a major protein in breast milk C) a hormone that promotes milk production D) a milk like substance secreted right after delivery

a milk like substance secreted right after delivery

Among the following, which should be the first action taken to lower blood cholesterol? A) begin drug treatment B) consume a high protein diet C) consume large amounts of fish and fish oils D) achieve and maintain appropriate body weight

achieve and maintain appropriate body weight

Substances not normally consumed as foods but added to food either intentionally or by accident. A) additives B) bioaccumulation C) contaminants D) cross contamination

additives

The period from the beginning of puberty until maturity. A) puberty B) adolescence C) wean D) tolerance level

adolescence

Unusual responses to food, including intolerances and allergies. A) adverse reactions B) botulism C) breast milk bank D) food allergy

adverse reactions

A major protein in human breast milk, as opposed to casein, a major protein in cows milk. A) lactadherin B) lactoferrin C) alpha lactalbumin D) food intolerances

alpha lactalbumin

What is the chief protein in human breast milk? A) casein B) lactose C) albumin D) alpha lactalbumin

alpha lactalbumin

A degenerative disease of the brain involving memory loss and major structural changes in neuron networks. A) arthritis B) alzheimers disease C) dysphagia D) macular degeneration

alzheimers disease

A life threatening, whole body allergic reaction to an offending substance. A) botulism B) milk anemia C) tolerance level D) anaphylactic shock

anaphylactic shock

An abnormal enlargement or bulging of a blood vessel, usually an artery, caused by damage to or weakness in the blood vessel wall. A) angina B) aneurysm C) autoimmune disorder D) carcinogens

aneurysm

The ballooning out of an artery wall at a point where it has been weakened by deterioration is called a A) aorta B) plaque C) aneurysm D) diverticula

aneurysm

A painful feeling of tightness or pressure in and around the heart, often radiating to the back, neck, and arms; caused by a lack of oxygen to an area of heart muscle. A) angina B) aneurysm C) autoimmune disorder D) carcinogens

angina

Which of the following is a characteristic of aging and the immune system? A) immunity in older people does not seem to be affected by regular exercise B) in the United States, infectious diseases are a minor cause of deaths in the elderly C) immune function does not decline with age in people who maintain good nutrition D) antibiotics are often ineffective in treating infections in older people who have deficient immune systems

antibiotics are often ineffective in treating infections in older people who have deficient immune systems

The immune system treats foreign substances such as bacteria and toxins as A) antigens. B) antibodies. C) synergisms. D) immunoglobulins.

antigens.

Inflammation of a joint, usually accompanied by pain, swelling, and structural changes. A) arthritis B) alzheimers disease C) dysphagia D) macular degeneration

arthritis

A condition in which the body develops antibodies to its own proteins and then proceeds to destroy cells containing these proteins. A) angina B) aneurysm C) autoimmune disorder D) carcinogens

autoimmune disorder

Lymphocytes that produce antibodies. A) t cells B) b cells C) lymphocytes D) macrophages

b cells

Factors in colostrum and breast milk that favor the growth of the friendly bacterium Lactobacillus bifidus in the infants intestinal tract, so that other, less desirable intestinal inhabitants will not flourish. A) bifidus factors B) botulism C) colostrum D) food intolerances

bifidus factors

The accumulation of contaminants in the flesh of animals high on the food chain. A) additives B) bioaccumulation C) contaminants D) cross contamination

bioaccumulation

What is the best predictor for risk of a stroke? A) blood pressure B) ldl cholesterol C) hdl cholesterol D) trans fatty acid intake

blood pressure

An often fatal foodborne illness caused by the ingestion of foods containing a toxin produced by bacteria that grow without oxygen. A) food intolerances B) botulism C) hypoallergic formulas D) lactadherin

botulism

A hormone produced naturally in the pituitary gland of a cow that promotes growth and milk production. A) bovine growth hormone B) food chain C) foodborne illness D) hazard

bovine growth hormone

What organ in the infant uses more than half of the days total energy intake? A) liver B) brain C) kidney D) skeletal muscle

brain

Which of the following is a feature of infant development and nutrition? A) it is generally easier to overfeed a breast fed infant than a formula fed infant B) breast fed infants obtain iron binding proteins that inhibit bacterial infections C) breast fed infants are at high risk of iron deficiency for the first 6 months of life D) for optimal development, infants should be transitioned to formula after one year of breast-feeding

breast fed infants obtain iron binding proteins that inhibit bacterial infections

A service that collects, screens, processes, and distributes donated human milk. A) colostrum B) milk anemia C) breast milk bank D) food allergy

breast milk bank

What is the chief reason that breast fed infants usually need to eat more frequently than formula fed infants? A) breast milk contains less fat B) breast milk is digested faster C) breast milk is less nutrient dense D) the amount of milk consumed per feeding is lower in breast-fed infants

breast milk is digested faster

Which of the following is NOT known to be an advantage of breastfeeding? A) breastfed infants have lower blood pressure as adults compared with formula fed peers B) breastfed infants have lower blood cholesterol as adults compared with formula fed peers C) breastfed infants have a lower incidence of allergic reactions compared with formula fed infants D) breastfed infants born prematurely grow more slowly than formula fed infants born prematurely

breastfed infants born prematurely grow more slowly than formula fed infants born prematurely

A protein released during the acute phase of infection or inflammation that enhances immunity by promoting phagocytosis and activating platelets. Its presence may be used to assess a persons risk of an impending heart attack or stroke. A) carcinogens B) cytokines C) c reactive protein D) coronary heart disease

c reactive protein

Which of the following is a feature of calcium nutrition in the elderly? A) the DRI is 800-1000 mg B) calcium intakes are well below recommendations C) calcium supplements are not effective sources of calcium due to poor digestibility D) calcium from food is not well absorbed due to the intake of calcium-binding laxatives

calcium intakes are well below recommendations

Substances that can cause cancer. A) carcinogens B) cytokines C) c reactive protein D) coronary heart disease

carcinogens

Thickenings of the eye lenses that impair vision and can lead to blindness. A) cataracts B) alzheimers disease C) dysphagia D) macular degeneration

cataracts

What are the thickenings that occur to the lenses of the eye, thereby affecting vision, especially in the elderly? A) retinitis B) keratoids C) cataracts D) rhodolipids

cataracts

Which of the following is NOT among the associations between smoking and coronary heart disease? A) smoking damages platelets B) smoking increases blood pressure C) smoking as a risk factor for CHD is the same for women and men D) cessation of smoking begins to lower the risk of CHD after 36 months

cessation of smoking begins to lower the risk of CHD after 36 months

A milklike secretion from the breast, present during the first day or so after delivery before milk appears; rich in protective factors. A) colostrum B) milk anemia C) breast milk bank D) food allergy

colostrum

Nutrition programs that provide food for the elderly in conveniently located settings such as community centers. A) cataracts B) congregate meals C) dysphagia D) macular degeneration

congregate meals

Substances that make a food impure and unsuitable for ingestion. A) additives B) bioaccumulation C) contaminants D) cross contamination

contaminants

The damage that occurs when the blood vessels carrying blood to the heart become narrow and occluded. A) carcinogens B) cytokines C) c reactive protein D) coronary heart disease

coronary heart disease

What disease accounts for the majority of deaths in U.S. women? A) diabetes B) lung cancer C) breast cancer D) coronary heart disease

coronary heart disease

The contamination of food by bacteria that occurs when the food comes into contact with surfaces previously touched by raw meat, poultry, or seafood. A) additives B) bioaccumulation C) contaminants D) cross contamination

cross contamination

Special proteins that direct immune and inflammatory responses. A) carcinogens B) cytokines C) c reactive protein D) coronary heart disease

cytokines

Diseases of poverty are known to include all of the following EXCEPT A) cholera B) diabetes C) dysentery D) whooping cough

diabetes

A group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A) embolism B) diabetes mellitus C) heart attack D) hyperglycemia

diabetes mellitus

Difficulty in swallowing. A) cataracts B) congregate meals C) dysphagia D) macular degeneration

dysphagia

The obstruction of a blood vessel by an embolus, or traveling clot, causing sudden tissue death. A) embolism B) diabetes mellitus C) heart attack D) hyperglycemia

embolism

Facilities that are used to provide temporary housing. A) emergency shelters B) famine C) food bank D) food insecurity

emergency shelters

Widespread and extreme scarcity of food in an area that causes starvation and death in a large portion of the population. A) emergency shelters B) famine C) food bank D) food insecurity

famine

Goats milk is inappropriate for infants due to its low content of A) iron B) folate C) protein D) calcium

folate

An adverse reaction to food that involves an immune response. A) colostrum B) milk anemia C) breast milk bank D) food allergy

food allergy

A facility that collects and distributes food donations to authorized organizations feeding the hungry. A) emergency shelters B) famine C) food bank D) food insecurity

food bank

The sequence in which living things depend on other living things for food. A) bovine growth hormone B) food chain C) foodborne illness D) hazard

food chain

Limited or uncertain access to foods of sufficient quality or quantity to sustain a healthy and active life. A) emergency shelters B) famine C) food bank D) food insecurity

food insecurity

An inadequate amount of food due to a lack of resources. A) food insufficiency B) food pantries C) food poverty D) food recovery

food insufficiency

Adverse reactions to foods that do not involve the immune system. A) colostrum B) milk anemia C) breast milk bank D) food intolerances

food intolerances

Programs that provide groceries to be prepared and eaten at home. A) food insufficiency B) food pantries C) food poverty D) food recovery

food pantries

What is the leading cause of food contamination in the United States? A) naturally occurring toxicants B) food poisoning from microbes C) pesticide residues from farmers D) food additives from the food industry

food poisoning from microbes

Hunger resulting from inadequate access to available food for various reasons, including inadequate resources, political obstacles, social disruptions, poor weather conditions, and lack of transportation. A) food insufficiency B) food pantries C) food poverty D) food recovery

food poverty

Collecting wholesome food for distribution to low income people who are hungry. A) food insufficiency B) food pantries C) food poverty D) food recovery

food recovery

Access to enough food to sustain a healthy and active life. A) food security B) fossil fuels C) hunger D) oral rehydration therapy

food security

Illness transmitted to human beings through food and water, caused by either an infectious agent or a poisonous substance. A) bovine growth hormone B) food chain C) foodborne illness D) hazard

foodborne illness

According to the FDA, what is the leading food safety concern? A) food additives B) pesticide residues C) foodborne illnesses D) environmental contaminants

foodborne illnesses

Coal, oil, and natural gas. A) food security B) fossil fuels C) hunger D) oral rehydration therapy

fossil fuels

In the development of plaque, what is thought to be responsible for oxidation of LDL cholesterol during the inflammatory phase? A) free radicals B) beta blockers C) p reactive protein D) lipoprotein associated phospholipase A

free radicals

With respect to nutrition, key people who control other peoples access to foods and thereby exert profound impacts on their nutrition. Examples are the spouse who buys and cooks the food, the parent who feeds the children, and the caregiver in a day-care center. A) gatekeepers B) hyperactivity C) hypoallergenic formulas D) lactadherin

gatekeepers

A common form of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints. A) cataracts B) gout C) dysphagia D) macular degeneration

gout

A source of danger; used to refer to circumstances in which harm is possible under normal conditions of use. A) bovine growth hormone B) food chain C) foodborne illness D) hazard

hazard

A systematic plan to identify and correct potential microbial hazards in the manufacturing, distribution, and commercial use of food products. A) hazard analysis critical control points B) indirect additives C) irradiation D) monosodium glutamate

hazard analysis critical control points

Sudden tissue death caused by blockages of vessels that feed the heart muscle. A) embolism B) diabetes mellitus C) heart attack D) hyperglycemia

heart attack

Which of the following is NOT among the diet related risk factors for coronary heart disease? A) obesity B) high sugar intake C) glucose intolerance D) high blood cholesterol

high sugar intake

Consequence of food insecurity that, because of prolonged, involuntary lack of food, results in discomfort, illness, weakness, or pain that goes beyond the usual uneasy sensation. A) food security B) fossil fuels C) hunger D) oral rehydration therapy

hunger

Inattentive and impulsive behavior that is more frequent and severe than is typical of others a similar age. A) gatekeepers B) hyperactivity C) hypoallergenic formulas D) lactadherin

hyperactivity

Elevated blood glucose concentrations. A) embolism B) diabetes mellitus C) heart attack D) hyperglycemia

hyperglycemia

Higher than normal blood pressure. A) hypertension B) heart attack C) immune system D) infectious disease

hypertension

Clinically tested infant formulas that support infant growth and development but do not provoke reactions in 90% of infants or children with confirmed cows milk allergy. A) gatekeepers B) hyperactivity C) hypoallergenic formulas D) lactadherin

hypoallergenic formulas

The bodys natural defense against foreign materials that have penetrated the skin or mucous membranes. A) hypertension B) heart attack C) immune system D) infectious disease

immune system

In an effort to reduce morbidity and mortality, which of the following would be a first course of action for a Peace Corps volunteer to reduce the prevalence of diarrhea in a small village where she is working? A) implementing oral rehydration therapy for those who are dehydrated B) implementing oral refeeding therapy for those who are malnourished C) ensuring there is enough fortified rice for all the women and children D) distributing as many medications to the village people as she can obtain

implementing oral rehydration therapy for those who are dehydrated

Clostridium botulinum poisoning is a hazard associated with A) nitrosamines B) rotting vegetables C) undercooked poultry D) improperly canned vegetables

improperly canned vegetables

Which of the following is the most appropriate method to thaw turkey? A) in the refrigerator B) at room temperature C) on top of a warm oven D) under very low heat in the oven

in the refrigerator

In kwashiorkor, the loss of hair color is indirectly related to A) inadequate intake of tyrosine B) elevated levels of blood homocysteine C) excessive exposure to the suns UV rays D) being nursed by a poorly-nourished mother

inadequate intake of tyrosine

Substances that can get into food as a result of contact during growing, processing, packaging, storing, cooking, or some other stage before the foods are consumed. A) nitrites B) indirect additives C) irradiation D) monosodium glutamate

indirect additives

Which of the following is a feature of energy metabolism in infancy? A) infants fed fat-free milk are at risk for protein overload B) most of the energy in breast milk is derived from lactose C) the brain of an infant uses less glucose than that of an adult D) infants require about 25% more energy than adults when expressed per kg body weight

infants fed fat-free milk are at risk for protein overload

Diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, or other microorganisms that can be transmitted from one person to another through air, water, or food; by contact; or through vector organisms such as mosquitoes. A) hypertension B) heart attack C) immune system D) infectious disease

infectious disease

Atrophic gastritis is typically characterized by all of the following signs EXCEPT A) inflamed stomach mucosa B) lack of hydrochloric acid C) abundant bacteria in the stomach D) insufficient secretion of pepsinogen and gastrin

insufficient secretion of pepsinogen and gastrin

A person who produces a normal amount of insulin but whose cells show suboptimal response is said to be A) polydipsic B) insulin resistant C) hyperglucagonemic D) pancreatic beta cell deficient

insulin resistant

When expressed per kilogram body weight, the nutrient needs of infants are markedly higher than those of young adults for all of the following nutrients EXCEPT A) iron B) iodine C) vitamin C D) vitamin D

iron

Sterilizing a food by exposure to energy waves, similar to ultraviolet light and microwaves. A) nitrites B) indirect additives C) irradiation D) monosodium glutamate

irradiation

Which of the following is a characteristic of farm irrigation? A) it makes the soil more porous B) it helps preserve the water supply C) it contributes to soil preservation D) it increases the salt content in the soil

it increases the salt content in the soil

Which of the following is an advantage of breastfeeding compared with formula feeding? A) there is no limit to the supply B) it provides immunological protection C) the mother can be sure the baby is getting enough milk D) it is the only way to develop a true loving relationship with the baby

it provides immunological protection

Being obese is known to increase the probabilities of contracting all of the following diseases EXCEPT A) cancer B) diabetes C) kwashiorkor D) hypertension

kwashiorkor

A protein in breast milk that attacks diarrhea-causing viruses. A) gatekeepers B) hyperactivity C) hypoallergenic formulas D) lactadherin

lactadherin

A protein in breast milk that binds iron and keeps it from supporting the growth of the infants intestinal bacteria. A) lactoferrin B) milk anemia C) puberty D) tolerance level

lactoferrin

Compared with cow's milk, breast milk contains A. less protein and calcium. B. more energy and less vitamin E. C. more fat and less carbohydrate. D. less lactose and vitamin C.

less protein and calcium

The average number of years lived by people in a given society. A) life expectancy B) longevity C) physiological age D) stress

life expectancy

Longevity is defined as A) long duration of life B) a persons age in years from date of birth C) maximum number of years of life attainable by a species D) average number of years lived by people in a given society

long duration of life

Long duration of life. A) life expectancy B) longevity C) physiological age D) stress

longevity

Which of the following risk factors for disease may be modified by diet? A) age B) gender C) heredity D) low HDL level

low HDL level

Common symptoms of foodborne illness caused by the Salmonella organism include all of the following EXCEPT A) diarrhea B) vomiting C) abdominal cramps D) low body temperature

low body temperature

Which of the following types of diets has been shown to prevent or reduce arthritis inflammation? A) high in simple sugars, low in canned fruit B) high in animal protein, low in canned fruit C) low in polyunsaturated fat, high in oleic acid D) low in saturated fat, high in omega-3 fatty acids

low in saturated fat, high in omega-3 fatty acids

White blood cells that participate in acquired immunity. A) t cells B) b cells C) lymphocytes D) macrophages

lymphocytes

Deterioration of the macular area of the eye that can lead to loss of central vision and eventual blindness. A) dysphagia B) gout C) macular degeneration D) osteoarthritis

macular degeneration

Describes a cancerous cell or tumor, which can injure healthy tissue and spread cancer to other regions of the body. A) malignant B) metastasize C) stroke D) thrombosis

malignant

Which of the following defines nursing bottle tooth decay? A) caries development resulting from frequent use of non sterile bottles and nipples B) bacterial attack of teeth due to severe tooth misalignment from sucking on oversized bottle nipples C) marked tooth decay of an infant due to prolonged exposure to carbohydrate rich fluids from a bottle D) tooth decay resulting from constant exposure to food due to inability of the infant to swallow normally

marked tooth decay of an infant due to prolonged exposure to carbohydrate rich fluids from a bottle

What unintended benefit is derived from the freezing of fish by the food industry? A) the fish becomes tenderized B) mature parasitic worms are killed C) botulinum toxin becomes inactivated D) the toxins from hepatitis A and B are destroyed

mature parasitic worms are killed

The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another. A) malignant B) metastasize C) stroke D) thrombosis

metastasize

Which of the following would most likely result from placing cooked hamburger patties on the same plate that held the uncooked patties? A) flavor declination B) meat juice retention C) fat drippings exudation D) microbial cross contamination

microbial cross contamination

Iron deficiency anemia that develops when an excessive milk intake displaces iron-rich foods from the diet. A) lactoferrin B) milk anemia C) puberty D) tolerance level

milk anemia

A sodium salt of the amino acid glutamic acid commonly used as a flavor enhancer. A) nitrites B) indirect additives C) irradiation D) monosodium glutamate

monosodium glutamate

Which of the following is NOT among the characteristics of breastfeeding frequency? A) an early sign of hunger is increased alertness, whereas a late sign is crying B) during the first few weeks of life, the infant will demand 8-12 feedings per day C) the infant obtains almost one-half the milk during the first 2-3 minutes of sucking D) more infrequent and short-duration feedings are preferable to stimulate lactation and breast-filling

more infrequent and short-duration feedings are preferable to stimulate lactation and breast-filling

In cows infected with mad cow disease, which of the following tissues is generally free of the infectious agents? A) brain B) muscle C) spinal cord D) nerves

muscle

Which of the following is NOT among the most important organs of the immune system? A) spleen B) muscle C) lymph nodes D) thymus gland

muscle

Snarls of the threadlike strands that extend from the nerve cells, commonly found in the brains of people with Alzheimers dementia. A) dysphagia B) neurofibrillary tangles C) macular degeneration D) osteoarthritis

neurofibrillary tangles

Salts added to food to prevent botulism. A) nitrites B) indirect additives C) irradiation D) monosodium glutamate

nitrites

A person who is edentulous has A) no teeth B) low immunity C) difficulty swallowing D) diminished muscle mass

no teeth

Extensive tooth decay due to prolonged tooth contact with formula, milk, fruit juice, or other carbohydrate rich liquid offered to an infant in a bottle. A) nursing bottle tooth decay B) milk anemia C) puberty D) tolerance level

nursing bottle tooth decay

Which of the following foods seems to relieve rheumatoid arthritis in some people? A) milk B) olive oil C) iodized salt D) refined cereals

olive oil

Low or reduced fat milk should NOT be given routinely to a child until after the age of A) two weeks B) three months C) one year D) six years

one year

What is the chief reason why people living in poverty and hunger bear numerous children? A) birth control expenses are prohibitive B) only a small percentage of the children may survive to adulthood C) the low educational level of adults limits their understanding of family planning D) the parents seek greater fulfillment through having more children since there are few other interests in their lives

only a small percentage of the children may survive to adulthood

The administration of a simple solution of sugar, salt, and water, taken by mouth, to treat dehydration caused by diarrhea. A) food security B) fossil fuels C) hunger D) oral rehydration therapy

oral rehydration therapy

In agriculture, crops grown and processed according to USDA regulations defining the use of fertilizers, herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, preservatives, and other chemical ingredients. A) organic B) pasteurization C) pathogen D) preservatives

organic

A painful, degenerative disease of the joints that occurs when the cartilage in a joint deteriorates; joint structure is damaged, with loss of function. A) dysphagia B) neurofibrillary tangles C) macular degeneration D) osteoarthritis

osteoarthritis

Two or more cases of a similar illness resulting from the consumption of a common food is termed a A) rash B) outbreak C) epidemic D) toxic incidence

outbreak

What is the fastest-growing age group in the United States? A) 21-30 years B) 35-50 years C) over 65 years D) over 85 years

over 85 years

Heat processing of food that inactivates some, but not all, microorganisms in the food; not a sterilization process. A) organic B) pasteurization C) pathogen D) preservatives

pasteurization

The industrial application of heat to inactivate most but not all bacteria in a food is commonly known as A) sanitization B) sterilization C) pasteurization D) depathogenation

pasteurization

A microorganism capable of producing disease. A) organic B) pasteurization C) pathogen D) preservatives

pathogen

The process by which immune cells engulf and then destroy bacteria is known as A) bactocydosis. B) phagocytosis. C) cytotoxicosis. D) immunoglobinemia

phagocytosis.

A persons age as estimated from her or his bodys health and probable life expectancy. A) life expectancy B) longevity C) physiological age D) stress

physiological age

What is the term given to the accumulation of lipid material mixed with smooth muscle cells and calcium that develops in the artery walls? A) plaques B) angina streaks C) arterial thickening D) pre thromboemboli

plaques

Tiny, disc shaped bodies in the blood that are important in clot formation are called A) T cells B) C cells C) plaques D) platelets

platelets

Which of the following leading causes of death in the United States does NOT bear a relationship to diet? A) cancer B) heart disease C) diabetes mellitus D) pneumonia and influenza

pneumonia and influenza

A condition that increases the likelihood of iron deficiency in older people is A) lack of intrinsic factor B) loss of iron due to menopause C) blood loss from yearly physical testing procedures D) poor iron absorption due to reduced stomach acid secretion and/or use of antacids

poor iron absorption due to reduced stomach acid secretion and/or use of antacids

Which of the following is the primary cause for hunger in the United States and in less developed countries? A) poverty B) high cost of food C) excessive food waste D) lack of nutrition education

poverty

Antimicrobial agents, antioxidants, and other additives that retard spoilage or maintain desired qualities, such as softness in baked goods. A) organic B) pasteurization C) pathogen D) preservatives

preservatives

Damage to the skin and underlying tissues as a result of compression and poor circulation; commonly seen in people who are bedridden or chairbound. A) dysphagia B) pressure ulcers C) macular degeneration D) osteoarthritis

pressure ulcers

Which of the following is NOT among the functions of the T cells? A) recognition of antigens B) production of antibodies C) release of killer chemicals D) suppression of the immune response when appropriate

production of antibodies

Foods containing sorbitol or other sugar alcohols should not be given to infants because they A. decrease iron absorption B. increase lead absorption C. promote constipation D. promote diarrhea

promote diarrhea

Infants showing symptoms of acidosis, dehydration, diarrhea, elevated blood ammonia and urea, and fever may be reacting to the nutritional problem of A. carbohydrate intolerance B. insufficient protein and energy C. milk protein intolerance D. protein overload

protein overload

The period in life in which a person becomes physically capable of reproduction. A) nursing bottle tooth decay B) milk anemia C) puberty D) tolerance level

puberty

Which of the following is the major food source for transmission of Campylobacter jejuni? A) raw poultry B) uncooked seafood C) imported soft cheeses D) undercooked beef hot dogs

raw poultry

What is the most important predictor of a persons mobility in the later years? A) body mass index or BMI B) alcohol use C) chronological age D) regular physical activity

regular physical activity

A disease of the immune system involving painful inflammation of the joints and related structures. A) rheumatoid arthritis B) pressure ulcers C) macular degeneration D) osteoarthritis

rheumatoid arthritis

What should be the first cereal introduced to the infant? A. Wheat B. Rice C. Corn D. Oat

rice

A measure of the probability and severity of harm. A) risk B) safety C) sulfites D) toxicity

risk

The condition of being free from harm or danger. A) risk B) safety C) sulfites D) toxicity

safety

Loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and quality. A) rheumatoid arthritis B) sarcopenia C) macular degeneration D) osteoarthritis

sarcopenia

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major factors affecting world population growth? A) birth rates B) death rates C) standard of living D) scientific knowledge

scientific knowledge

The loss of brain function beyond the normal loss of physical adeptness and memory that occurs with aging. A) rheumatoid arthritis B) sarcopenia C) macular degeneration D) senile dementia

senile dementia

Clumps of the protein fragment beta amyloid on the nerve cells, commonly found in the brains of people with Alzheimers dementia. A) senile plaques B) sarcopenia C) macular degeneration D) senile dementia

senile plaques

Studies of adults show that longevity is related, in part, to all of the following EXCEPT A) weight control B) nutritional balance of meals C) short periods of sleep D) no or moderate alcohol intake

short periods of sleep

SNAP debit cards may be used to purchase all of the following EXCEPT A) soap B) seeds C) cereal D) cola beverages

soap

Infants should not be given canned vegetables due to excessive amounts of A. fiber B. sodium C. botulinum spores D. tin

sodium

Programs that provide prepared meals to be eaten on site. A) food security B) fossil fuels C) soup kitchens D) oral rehydration therapy

soup kitchens

Which of the following formulas is available for infants with lactose intolerance? A) egg B) soy C) barley D) powdered cows milk

soy

What organism is responsible for producing the most common food toxin? A) escherichia coli B) vibrio vulnificus C) staphylococcus aureus D) lactobacillis acidophilus

staphylococcus aureus

Any threat to a person's well-being; a demand placed on the body to adapt. A) stress B) stressors C) sarcopenia D) longevity

stress

Environmental elements, physical or psychological, that cause stress. A) stress B) stressors C) sarcopenia D) longevity

stressors

An event in which the blood flow to a part of the brain is cut off. A) malignant B) metastasize C) stroke D) thrombosis

stroke

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Canadian Pediatric Society, breastfeeding of full term infants is A) optional B) mildly recommended C) moderately recommended D) strongly recommended

strongly recommended

Salts containing sulfur that are added to foods to prevent spoilage. A) risk B) safety C) sulfites D) toxicity

sulfites

Able to continue indefinitely; using resources at such a rate that the earth can keep on replacing them and producing pollutants at a rate with which the environment and human cleanup efforts can keep pace, so that no net accumulation of pollution occurs. A) food security B) fossil fuels C) soup kitchens D) sustainable

sustainable

What term describes an event, such as a GI infection, that results in decreased nutrient absorption, which in turn results in inability to synthesize sufficient immune cells and immune factors, thereby leading to increased susceptibility to another GI infection? A) synergistic B) antagonistic C) enteroimmune recirculation D) reinforced negative nutrition spiral

synergistic

To prevent and treat the high incidence of constipation in the elderly, all of the following practices are known to be effective EXCEPT A) eating more legumes B) drinking more water C) increasing physical activity D) taking vitamin B12 injections

taking vitamin B12 injections

What government agency is primarily responsible for protecting agriculture and the food supply? A) the Food Safety and Security Agency B) the FDA and the USDA C) the Antiterrorism Subcommittee on Food Security D) the CDC and the EPA

the FDA and the USDA

Which of the following is a feature of world poverty? A) it is not a major cause of hunger B) the poorest do not bear children due to poor health C) it makes up about 5% of the worlds population D) the poorest people are female due to discrimination

the poorest people are female due to discrimination

Which of the following is NOT among features of nutrition and metabolism? A) the infants brain uses about 60% of the daily energy intake B) the fat in breast milk provides most of the energy to support rapid growth C) the infants brain is larger relative to the size of the body and therefore uses more energy D) the protein content in breast milk can be high enough to occasionally induce protein overload

the protein content in breast milk can be high enough to occasionally induce protein overload

Which of the following is a research finding on vitamin D nutrition in the elderly? A) self-synthesis capacity is high B) the skin's capacity to synthesize the vitamin is reduced C) the presence of atrophic gastritis reduces bioavailability of the vitamin D) symptoms of deficiency include dermatitis and diminished taste acuity

the skin's capacity to synthesize the vitamin is reduced

Which of the following is a feature of common worldwide agricultural practices? A) they promote protection of soil and water B) they frequently lead to higher crop prices C) they are designed to benefit mostly small family farms D) they tend to support the use of pesticides and fertilizers

they tend to support the use of pesticides and fertilizers

The formation of a thrombus, or a blood clot, that may obstruct a blood vessel, causing gradual tissue death. A) malignant B) metastasize C) stroke D) thrombosis

thrombosis

The maximum amount of residue permitted in a food when a pesticide is used according to the label directions. A) nursing bottle tooth decay B) milk anemia C) puberty D) tolerance level

tolerance level

The ability of a substance to harm living organisms. A) risk B) safety C) sulfites D) toxicity

toxicity

Sterilizing a food by brief exposure to temperatures above those normally used. A) sterilization B) pasteurization C) ultrahigh temperature treatment D) toxicity

ultrahigh temperature treatment

For optimal breast feeding benefits, it is recommended that the infant be encouraged to suckle on the first breast offered A) for about 1-2 minutes B) for no more than 5 minutes C) before he shows signs of hunger D) until he stops actively suckling

until he stops actively suckling

As the newly appointed director of International Supplementation for the World Health Organization, you propose supplementing the diets of malnourished populations worldwide with nutrients that would markedly improve health and well being. Which of the following nutrients is least likely to be lacking? A) iron B) iodine C) vitamin A D) vitamin D

vitamin D

Breast milk as the sole source of nutrition, up to the first 6 months in healthy infants, is satisfactory for all nutrients EXCEPT A) sodium. B) vitamin D. C) iron and folate. D) zinc and vitamin A.

vitamin D.

To gradually replace breast milk with infant formula or other foods appropriate to an infants diet is to A) feed B) wean C) nurse D) breastfeed

wean

To gradually replace breast milk with infant formula or other foods appropriate to an infants diet. A) nursing bottle tooth decay B) milk anemia C) wean D) tolerance level

wean

Which among the following is most commonly deficient in the worldwide population? A) zinc B) folate C) calcium D) vitamin C

zinc

Which of the following is not among the ingredients of a common oral rehydration formula? A) salt B) sugar C) boiling water D) zinc and iron

zinc and iron

Which of the following is a feature of zinc nutrition in the elderly? A) zinc intake is insufficient in older people B) excess zinc from supplements blunts the taste buds C) zinc deficiency stimulates the appetite for high-fat foods C) most medications affect zinc excretion but not absorption

zinc intake is insufficient in older people