Nutrition Water and Major Minerals Study Quiz

The average daily loss of water via the kidneys, lungs, feces, and skin is approximately

1.5 to 2.5 liters.

Which of the following is a feature of potassium supplements?

Can cause toxicity

Which of the following is a major function of chloride?

Helps maintain gastric acidity

Which of the following represents the least likely cause for an abnormal blood calcium level?

Insufficient dietary intake

Which of the following events is specific to a salt-sensitive individual?

Blood pressure increases as salt intake rises

Ions that carry a positive charge are called

cations.

All of the following are typical ingredients in an oral rehydration therapy formula except

Protein

All of the following play important roles in acid-base balance except

The liver

Which of the following is a general property of the minerals?

When a food is burned, all the minerals are found in the ash

The strongest predictor for loss of bone density is a person's

age

The development of osteoporosis in men typically occurs at what age in relation to the appearance of osteoporosis in women?

10 years later

To minimize the risk of calcium toxicity, total daily intakes should be held to a maximum of

2500 mg

At what age do adults normally begin to lose bone mass?

30-40 yrs

The approximate percentage of water in pizza is

45

Approximately how many people in the United States are afflicted with osteoporosis?

50 million

What is the minimum amount of water (mL) that must be excreted each day as urine in order to carry away the body's waste products?

500

For optimal utilization of calcium supplements, it is best to take them several times a day, in doses up to: 100 mg 200 mg 500 mg 800 mg

500 mg

When a person loses fluid by sweating of bleeding, what minerals are lost in greatest quantity?

sodium and chloride

For every man who has type I osteoporosis, about how many women have it?

6

What percentage of people with osteoporosis are female?

80

Where is the majority of the body's magnesium found?

Bones

Among the following calcium supplements, which is most calcium-dense?

Calcium carbonate

Which of the following is a major function of magnesium?

Catalyst in energy metabolism

Which of the following is a feature of phosphorus in nutrition?

Dietary deficiencies are virtually unknown

Which of the following is a feature of water?

Generated from oxidation of energy nutrients.

Which of the following is a characteristic of caffeine intake and water balance?

Habitual consumers of caffeine lose almost no more fluid from the body than when ingesting noncaffeinated beverages.

What is another term for hypertension?

High blood pressure

Which of the following is a feature of sodium and health?

High sodium intake is known to promote calcium excretion

Which of the following foods are significant sources of oxalates?

Spinach and sweet potatoes

The DASH diet plan was devised to prevent

Hypertension

Which of the following is a feature of osteoporosis?

It has virtually no effect on blood calcium levels

What organ provides the major control for homeostasis of body fluids?

Kidneys

Which of the following minerals is least likely to be deficient in anyone's diet?

Phosphorus

Protective factors for osteoporosis include all of the following except

female gender

All of the following characteristics are shared by calcium and magnesium except

both are found in abundance in dairy products.

Why are salt tablets generally not recommended for people engaged in physical activity?

They can induce dehydration

Which of the following people are at known risk for potassium depletion?

Which of the following people are at known risk for potassium depletion? Those who ingest low amounts of fresh fruits/vegetables

On a per kcalorie basis, which of the following are the best sources of calcium?

Vegetables

What is the body's most indispensable nutrient?

Water

Which of the following is a feature of physical activity and bone health?

Working the muscles places stress on bones which stimulates more trabeculae development.

Calcium-binding protein acts within the

intestines.

All of the following dietary substances are known to adversely affect calcium balance except

lactose in the diet.

All of the following are features of potassium in nutrition except

processed foods are a major source.

Magnesium is known to be involved in all of the following except

production of red blood cells.

Almost all (99%) of the calcium in the body is used to

provide rigidity for the bones and teeth.

All of the following are mild symptoms of dehydration except:

spastic muscles.

All of the following are good plant sources of calcium for the body except

spinach.

The most common fracture sites of osteoporosis type I are

spine and wrist

All of the following are characteristics of phosphorus in nutrition except

the ratio of phosphorus to calcium in the diet is important for bone maintenance

Which of the following minerals would a bulimia nervosa patient be likely to lose in the greatest amount?

Chloride

What pituitary hormone regulates kidney retention of water?

Antidiuretic hormone

Which of the following is present in highest concentration in soft water?

Sodium

Among the following groups, which has the highest percentage of body water?

Children

Normally, what is the relationship of the amount of sodium excreted to the amount ingested that day?

Intake and excretion are equal

Among the following calcium supplements, which is most likely to be contaminated with toxic minerals?

Oyster shells

All of the following are features of bone health and smoking except

Smokers adapt by increasing their calcium absorption and reducing their bone resorption rate