Nutrition Week 1 terms

dispensable amino acid

body can synthesize from indispensalbe amino acids

indispensable amino acid

body cannot manufacture in sufficient quantity

positive nitrogen balance

body stores more than it excretes

negative nitrogen balance

body takes in less than it excretes

catabolism

breakdown

glycogen

is the storage form of glucose in animals and humans which is analogous to the starch in plants. Synthesized and stored mainly in the liver and the muscles.

registered dietitian

A food and nutrition expert who has met the minimum academic and professional requirements to qualify for the credential

lacto-ova vegetarian

Eat dairy products and eggs, excluding meat and fish, to complement diet of plant foods

ova-vegetarian

Eggs are only animal foods to complement diet of plant foods

complex carbohydrates

Have three or more sugars.Often referred to as "starchy" foods, include: Legumes Starchy vegetables Whole-grain breads and cereals

vegan

No animal foods, diet of plant foods only

RDA recommended dietary allowances

The Reference Daily Intake or Recommended Daily Intake is the daily intake level of a nutrient that is considered to be sufficient to meet the requirements of 97-98% of healthy individuals in every demographic in the United States

metabolism

The chemical processes occurring within a living cell or organism that are necessary for the maintenance of life

nitrogen balance

indicates how well the body's tissues are being maintained

dietetics

the branch of knowledge concerned with the diet and its effects on health, esp. with the practical application of a scientific understanding of nutrition.

simple carbohydrate

have one (single) or two (double) sugars. Examples of single sugars from foods include: Fructose (found in fruits) Galactose (found in milk products) Double sugars include: Lactose (found in dairy) Maltose (found in certain vegetables and in beer) Sucrose (table sugar)

conditionally indispensable amino acid

normally synthesized but some health condition may require dietary intake

photosynthesis

the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis in plants generally involves the green pigment chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a byproduct.

synthesize

to combine so as to form a new, complex product ( make products)

Complete Protein

A source of protein that contains an adequate proportion of all nine of the essential amino acids necessary for the dietary needs of humans or other animals.

DRI dietary referance intake

a set of nutritional reference values for the United States and Canada that apply to healthy people. The DRIs for most nutrients consist of four values: Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), Adequate Intake (AI), Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL).

brush boarder

a stria of microvilli on the plasma membrane of an epithelial cell (as in a kidney tubule) that is specialized for absorption

enzyme

a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.

kilocalorie

a unit of energy of 1,000 calories (equal to 1 large calorie)

saccharide

another term for sugar

chelator

any of various compounds that combine with metals to form chelates and that include some used medically in the treatment of metal poisoning (as by lead)

incomplete protein

any protein lacking one or more essential amino acids in correct proportions as necessary for good nutrition and health, true of many plant foods; also called partial protein

sugar alcohol

(sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol) Sugar alcohols are neither sugars nor alcohols.Carbohydrates with a chemical structure that partially resembles sugar and partially resembles alcohol, but they don't contain ethanol as alcoholic beverages do. They are incompletely absorbed and metabolized by the body, and consequently contribute fewer calories than most sugars. The commonly used sugar alcohols include sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, maltitol, maltitol syrup, lactitol, erythritol, isomalt and hydrogenated starch hydrolysates. Their calorie content ranges from zero to three calories per gram compared to four calories per gram for sucrose or other sugars. Most sugar alcohols are less sweet than sucrose; maltitol and xylitol are about as sweet as sucrose.

sorbitol

Also known as glucitol, is a sugar alcohol, which the human body metabolizes slowly.

lacto-vegetarian

Milk and milk products to complement diet of plant foods

amino acids

Organic compounds that combine to form proteins. Are the building blocks of life.

anabolism

resynthesize (re make)