Nutrition(4-6)
Which of the following is the most prevalent form of diabetes?
type 2
Moderate alcohol consumption is BEST defined as
up to one drink per day for women and two per day for men.
The process of deamination produce ammonia which is a toxic compound. Ammonia is quickly converted into what waste product?
urea
All of the following are reasons people become vegetarian except
vegetarian diet is best.
Which of the following statements about soluble fiber is true
It forms a gel when wet and is fermented.
When the body experiences alkalosis, how do proteins help restore the acid-base balance?
Proteins release hydrogen into the blood.
Which of the following statements about children with Kwashiorkor is false
Their fat stores are completely depleted.
What effect do statin drugs have on blood cholesterol?
They lower levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs).
Kitt is training to compete in a triathlon and is working with his team's registered dietitian to increase his storage of muscle glycogen. This technique is called
carbohydrate loading.
Which of the following foods is MOST likely to contain "invisible" fats?
chocolate cake
Which of the following is caused by alcohol exposure by a fetus during pregnancy?
fetal alcohol syndrome
Which of the following sources of protein includes the MOST unhealthful fats?
fried chicken
Which hormone works to lower blood glucose?
insulin
A typical fast-food meal of a hamburger and fries is generally not a healthy choice because it is high in
invisible trans fats and saturated fats.
A person who has been diagnosed with impaired fasting glucose
is considered pre-diabetic.
What causes the swollen belly associated with kwashiorkor?
lack of protein to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
Which of the following is called milk sugar?
lactose
Which of the following types of vegetarian diet eat cheese, but do not eat eggs?
lactovegetarian
Most lipid digestion products are transported to the mucosal lining of the small intestine in spherical compounds called
micelles.
During triglyceride digestion, two fatty acids are removed and the resulting molecule is called a
monoacylglyceride.
What type of fatty acid chain contains one double carbon bond?
monounsaturated
Amino acids from proteins are used to make epinephrine and norepinephrine, which serve as
neurotransmitters.
In addition to whole grains, which of the following is a good source of dietary fiber?
nuts and seeds
The term complex carbohydrates refers to
oligosaccharides and polysaccharides
Insulin is synthesized and released by the
pancreas
Which part of an individual amino acid distinguishes it from other amino acids?
side chain
The MOST common source of added sugar in the U.S. diet is
soft drinks/sodas.
Why are most types of fiber indigestible in the human GI tract?
Beta bonds present in fiber are difficult for the body to break down.
Which of the following is true regarding type 1 diabetes?
Treatment always involves insulin therapy.
Trevor's doctor screens him for type 2 diabetes and finds that Trevor has a fasting blood glucose of 130 mg/dL. What does this mean?
Trevor has diabetes.
Which of the following would provide the MOST dietary fiber?
a serving of black beans
Which of the following is typically high in both unhealthful saturated fat and trans fatty acid?
croissant
Lactose intolerance is due to a(n)
deficiency of lactase
Which of the following health problems has been associated with high intakes of animal-based proteins?
elevated blood cholesterol
What are proteases?
enzymes that break down proteins
Which of the following hormones is produced from cholesterol?
estrogen
The absorption of which monosaccharide does NOT require energy?
fructose
Chronic drinkers may show few signs of impairment or intoxication even at high blood alcohol levels. This condition is known as
functional tolerance.
What characteristic of the proteins that form red blood cells allows them to change shape and flow freely through the blood?
globular shape
Which monosaccharide is the preferred source of energy for the brain?
glucose
Which of the following carbohydrates is the end product of photosynthesis?
glucose
The BEST time to encourage a friend or family member with a drinking problem to seek help is when
he or she is sober, shortly after an alcohol-related incident.
Diabetes is essentially a condition of
impaired glucose regulation.
Which of the following is a potential health benefit of moderate alcohol consumption?
increased HDL cholesterol
Excessive alcohol consumption can cause dizziness and lightheadedness due to fluid and electrolyte imbalances because alcohol
is a diuretic.
A potentially life-threatening consequence of low-carbohydrate intake is
ketoacidosis.
Which type(s) of phospholipids act as an emulsifier?
lecithins
The primary phosphate-containing emulsifiers in bile are called
lecithins.
Alcohol is primarily metabolized by the
liver
Which of the following is equivalent to one drink of alcohol?
12 oz of beer
On a food label, there is 140 Calories per serving. It contains 2 grams of saturated fat. What is the approximate percentage of Calories from saturated fat per serving of the food?
13%
How many grams of carbohydrate (per day) are recommended in healthy individuals to provide adequate fuel to the brain (RDA)?
130 grams
The Adequate Intake (AI) for fiber is
14 g/1000 kcal per day.
In the United States, about how many adults aged 18 and older have an alcohol use disorder?
15 million
Yesterday Shannon consumed 250 grams of carbohydrate, 75 grams of protein, and 60 grams of fat. What percentage of Calories of her day's intake came from fat?
29%
Which type of lipid is MOST abundantly found in fatty fish or fish oils?
omega-3 fatty acid
The sequential order of the amino acids is called the
primary structure.
The process in which the body makes new proteins and breaks down existing proteins is known as
protein turnover.
Which of the following is a chemical found in red wine and grapes that may have health benefits?
resveratrol
A fatty acid made up of a 16-carbon chain with no double carbon bonds is called a(n)
saturated, long-chain fatty acid.
Ferritin found in the liver is an example of a(n)
storage protein.
Which of the following types of fish s most likely to be contaminated with mercury?
swordfish
Gluconeogenesis is the
synthesis of new glucose from amino acids or other sources that are not carbohydrates.
The glycemic load is
the glycemic index multiplied by the grams of carbohydrate.
Which of the following is contributing to the increase in type 2 diabetes?
the increase in obesity rate
Triglycerides can be classified by which of the following characteristics?
the length of the fatty acids
A triglyceride is comprised of
three fatty acids and one glycerol
The specific function of a protein is determined by its
three-dimensional shape.
The process of transferring the amine group from one amino acid to another is called
transamination.
The process of mRNA copying the genetic information from the DNA's base sequence is called
transcription.
Which type of protein helps the body maintain fluid and electrolyte balance?
transport proteins
The body stores lipids as
triglycerides
Which of the following is a sugar alcohol?
xylitol
Why does carbohydrate digestion NOT occur in the stomach?
Acid in the stomach inactivates salivary amylase.
Which of the following is a characteristic of type 1 diabetes?
It is the least common form of diabetes.
Which statement about simple carbohydrate is false?
Maltose is table sugar.
What condition results when the blood becomes too basic?
alkalosis
Which of the following lipids plays an important role in reducing a person's risk for heart disease?
alpha-linolenic acid
The part of the protein molecule that carries nitrogen is the
amine group.
Hypoglycemia is a condition in which fasting blood sugar levels
are too low.
Jeffery is a strength athlete and a vegetarian. He weighs 205 lb and is 6' 2" tall. How much protein would you recommend he eat on a daily basis?
at least 121 grams
Yogurt is tolerated better than milk by many lactose-intolerant people because
bacteria in yogurt help digest the lactose.
Which of the following contains the highest amount of dietary cholesterol?
butter
The traditional Cajun dish of red beans and rice is a good example of
complementary proteins.
The primary function of liver glycogen is to
maintain blood glucose
Which of the following is a condition in which the liver becomes more efficient in the breakdown of alcohol?
metabolic tolerance
The digestive enzymes that break disaccharides into monosaccharides are located in the
microvilli.
The type of carbohydrates that consist of only a single molecule are called
monosaccharides.
An individual consuming a plant-based diet eats
mostly plant foods, as well as eggs, dairy, and occasional meat, poultry, and/or fish.
In the body, the major storage sites for glycogen are the
muscles and liver.
The process of combining two incomplete proteins to make a complete protein is called
mutual supplementation.
What element makes protein different from carbohydrate and fat?
nitrogen