Nutrition(4-6)

Which of the following is the most prevalent form of diabetes?

type 2

Moderate alcohol consumption is BEST defined as

up to one drink per day for women and two per day for men.

The process of deamination produce ammonia which is a toxic compound. Ammonia is quickly converted into what waste product?

urea

All of the following are reasons people become vegetarian except

vegetarian diet is best.

Which of the following statements about soluble fiber is true

It forms a gel when wet and is fermented.

When the body experiences alkalosis, how do proteins help restore the acid-base balance?

Proteins release hydrogen into the blood.

Which of the following statements about children with Kwashiorkor is false

Their fat stores are completely depleted.

What effect do statin drugs have on blood cholesterol?

They lower levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs).

Kitt is training to compete in a triathlon and is working with his team's registered dietitian to increase his storage of muscle glycogen. This technique is called

carbohydrate loading.

Which of the following foods is MOST likely to contain "invisible" fats?

chocolate cake

Which of the following is caused by alcohol exposure by a fetus during pregnancy?

fetal alcohol syndrome

Which of the following sources of protein includes the MOST unhealthful fats?

fried chicken

Which hormone works to lower blood glucose?

insulin

A typical fast-food meal of a hamburger and fries is generally not a healthy choice because it is high in

invisible trans fats and saturated fats.

A person who has been diagnosed with impaired fasting glucose

is considered pre-diabetic.

What causes the swollen belly associated with kwashiorkor?

lack of protein to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance

Which of the following is called milk sugar?

lactose

Which of the following types of vegetarian diet eat cheese, but do not eat eggs?

lactovegetarian

Most lipid digestion products are transported to the mucosal lining of the small intestine in spherical compounds called

micelles.

During triglyceride digestion, two fatty acids are removed and the resulting molecule is called a

monoacylglyceride.

What type of fatty acid chain contains one double carbon bond?

monounsaturated

Amino acids from proteins are used to make epinephrine and norepinephrine, which serve as

neurotransmitters.

In addition to whole grains, which of the following is a good source of dietary fiber?

nuts and seeds

The term complex carbohydrates refers to

oligosaccharides and polysaccharides

Insulin is synthesized and released by the

pancreas

Which part of an individual amino acid distinguishes it from other amino acids?

side chain

The MOST common source of added sugar in the U.S. diet is

soft drinks/sodas.

Why are most types of fiber indigestible in the human GI tract?

Beta bonds present in fiber are difficult for the body to break down.

Which of the following is true regarding type 1 diabetes?

Treatment always involves insulin therapy.

Trevor's doctor screens him for type 2 diabetes and finds that Trevor has a fasting blood glucose of 130 mg/dL. What does this mean?

Trevor has diabetes.

Which of the following would provide the MOST dietary fiber?

a serving of black beans

Which of the following is typically high in both unhealthful saturated fat and trans fatty acid?

croissant

Lactose intolerance is due to a(n)

deficiency of lactase

Which of the following health problems has been associated with high intakes of animal-based proteins?

elevated blood cholesterol

What are proteases?

enzymes that break down proteins

Which of the following hormones is produced from cholesterol?

estrogen

The absorption of which monosaccharide does NOT require energy?

fructose

Chronic drinkers may show few signs of impairment or intoxication even at high blood alcohol levels. This condition is known as

functional tolerance.

What characteristic of the proteins that form red blood cells allows them to change shape and flow freely through the blood?

globular shape

Which monosaccharide is the preferred source of energy for the brain?

glucose

Which of the following carbohydrates is the end product of photosynthesis?

glucose

The BEST time to encourage a friend or family member with a drinking problem to seek help is when

he or she is sober, shortly after an alcohol-related incident.

Diabetes is essentially a condition of

impaired glucose regulation.

Which of the following is a potential health benefit of moderate alcohol consumption?

increased HDL cholesterol

Excessive alcohol consumption can cause dizziness and lightheadedness due to fluid and electrolyte imbalances because alcohol

is a diuretic.

A potentially life-threatening consequence of low-carbohydrate intake is

ketoacidosis.

Which type(s) of phospholipids act as an emulsifier?

lecithins

The primary phosphate-containing emulsifiers in bile are called

lecithins.

Alcohol is primarily metabolized by the

liver

Which of the following is equivalent to one drink of alcohol?

12 oz of beer

On a food label, there is 140 Calories per serving. It contains 2 grams of saturated fat. What is the approximate percentage of Calories from saturated fat per serving of the food?

13%

How many grams of carbohydrate (per day) are recommended in healthy individuals to provide adequate fuel to the brain (RDA)?

130 grams

The Adequate Intake (AI) for fiber is

14 g/1000 kcal per day.

In the United States, about how many adults aged 18 and older have an alcohol use disorder?

15 million

Yesterday Shannon consumed 250 grams of carbohydrate, 75 grams of protein, and 60 grams of fat. What percentage of Calories of her day's intake came from fat?

29%

Which type of lipid is MOST abundantly found in fatty fish or fish oils?

omega-3 fatty acid

The sequential order of the amino acids is called the

primary structure.

The process in which the body makes new proteins and breaks down existing proteins is known as

protein turnover.

Which of the following is a chemical found in red wine and grapes that may have health benefits?

resveratrol

A fatty acid made up of a 16-carbon chain with no double carbon bonds is called a(n)

saturated, long-chain fatty acid.

Ferritin found in the liver is an example of a(n)

storage protein.

Which of the following types of fish s most likely to be contaminated with mercury?

swordfish

Gluconeogenesis is the

synthesis of new glucose from amino acids or other sources that are not carbohydrates.

The glycemic load is

the glycemic index multiplied by the grams of carbohydrate.

Which of the following is contributing to the increase in type 2 diabetes?

the increase in obesity rate

Triglycerides can be classified by which of the following characteristics?

the length of the fatty acids

A triglyceride is comprised of

three fatty acids and one glycerol

The specific function of a protein is determined by its

three-dimensional shape.

The process of transferring the amine group from one amino acid to another is called

transamination.

The process of mRNA copying the genetic information from the DNA's base sequence is called

transcription.

Which type of protein helps the body maintain fluid and electrolyte balance?

transport proteins

The body stores lipids as

triglycerides

Which of the following is a sugar alcohol?

xylitol

Why does carbohydrate digestion NOT occur in the stomach?

Acid in the stomach inactivates salivary amylase.

Which of the following is a characteristic of type 1 diabetes?

It is the least common form of diabetes.

Which statement about simple carbohydrate is false?

Maltose is table sugar.

What condition results when the blood becomes too basic?

alkalosis

Which of the following lipids plays an important role in reducing a person's risk for heart disease?

alpha-linolenic acid

The part of the protein molecule that carries nitrogen is the

amine group.

Hypoglycemia is a condition in which fasting blood sugar levels

are too low.

Jeffery is a strength athlete and a vegetarian. He weighs 205 lb and is 6' 2" tall. How much protein would you recommend he eat on a daily basis?

at least 121 grams

Yogurt is tolerated better than milk by many lactose-intolerant people because

bacteria in yogurt help digest the lactose.

Which of the following contains the highest amount of dietary cholesterol?

butter

The traditional Cajun dish of red beans and rice is a good example of

complementary proteins.

The primary function of liver glycogen is to

maintain blood glucose

Which of the following is a condition in which the liver becomes more efficient in the breakdown of alcohol?

metabolic tolerance

The digestive enzymes that break disaccharides into monosaccharides are located in the

microvilli.

The type of carbohydrates that consist of only a single molecule are called

monosaccharides.

An individual consuming a plant-based diet eats

mostly plant foods, as well as eggs, dairy, and occasional meat, poultry, and/or fish.

In the body, the major storage sites for glycogen are the

muscles and liver.

The process of combining two incomplete proteins to make a complete protein is called

mutual supplementation.

What element makes protein different from carbohydrate and fat?

nitrogen