OB 11

behavioral

A person with a low tolerance for ambiguity who is oriented toward people and social concerns when making adecision portrays which style?

Decision Tree

A(n) ________ is a graphical representation of the process underlying decisions.

Rational

In a simple environment, a manager should use the _______ model of decision making.

Cause the group to ignore ethical considerations

In groupthink, the "inherent morality" symptom is likely to

Rely on intuition and discussions with others to acquire information

Individuals who are conceptual in decision-making style

Risk being autocratic and focusing on the short term

Individuals who are directive in decision-making style

framing

A decision maker is influenced by the manner in which a problem or question is stated. This represents the_______ bias.

Availability

An example of the ________ heuristic occurs when you see news reports about people losing their jobs, andthen start believing that you are in danger of being laid off. You start lying awake in bed each night worrying that you are about to be fired.

Is this the choice that I, personally, would like to make?

At Peter James Consulting, managers are in the process of submitting their budget cuts for the next fiscal year.In evaluating alternatives, managers should consider all of the following except

conceptual

Carla tends to take long-term view and rely on discussions with others to acquire information. She has a high tolerance for ambiguity and is oriented toward people and social concerns when making decisions. Which decision-making style does Carla possess?

nonrational

Despite the information available, Becky consistently uses her cell phone to text when driving down thehighway. This is an example of ______ decision making.

analytical

Dr. Barbara Sonders determines financial trends in European markets. She analyzes worldwide financial and economic trends to determine the best course of action for European economies. Her decisions are based on complicated and sometimes ambiguous information, and she has to carefully considers all sides of the issue.What type of decision-making style does Dr. Sonders possess?

confidence and goodwill about the company.

Evidence collected after the fact can be used to convince an external audience that the organization is following a sound course of action in a complex and ambiguous decision context. On the positive side, this can lead to

Opportunity

Jess has completed her two-year medical assistant program. She really wants to be a nurse, but needs to start working as soon as possible in order to pay her bills and loans. Unbeknownst to her, one of her professors has put her name in for an award program at the local nursing college. She is notified that she is a finalist for the award-full paid tuition and a living stipend. This _______ can enable her to exceed her goals.

analytical

Jolene is a mathematics major. She has a high tolerance for ambiguity and tends to overanalyze many situations.What style does Jolene represent?

encourage wild ideas

Kathryn is looking for ideas on how best to grow her small business. She and her three partners sit down tobrainstorm suggestions. Which of the following rules will help ensure a positive brainstorming session?

Satisficing

Madetra makes low-priced leather handbags and wallets. They keep their costs down, but have to cut somecorners. Now, their rate of return is 25 percent. Madetra considers this a(n) ________ or "good enough"solution.

high-performance work systems

Many organizations, such as Google, Zappos, Salesforce.com, and Yahoo!, are designing the work environment to encourage casual conversations among employees who don't generally work together. They also are"installing playful prompts, like trivia games, to get workers talking in traditional conversational dead zones, such as elevators." It is thought that __________ demonstrate a form of social support for employees, leading them to put more effort into creative behaviors

Doing "nothing" may be one of the most important creative things we can do.

Max needs to create a plan for his final art project. Inez, also in the class, passes by and sees Max sitting at anoutdoor café, having coffee. He seems really relaxed. Inez asks him how come he isn't stressed thinking about the final project. What does this scenario indicate?

less efficient

Multitaskers end up switching tasks hundreds of times a day. This makes them ______ in their work environment.

generate alternative solutions.

Nicole is a manager at a fast food restaurant. She is under a lot of pressure from headquarters to increase her monthly profits. Nicole isn't sure what the solution is for her financial dilemma. She decides to use the rational-decision-making model to determine the best path for a solution. The problem has already been defined by headquarters. Now Nicole has to

goal displacement.

Norm and his creative team need to present an idea for marketing a new detergent to the head of their advertising agency. Diane, a member of the team, always resented Norm's promotion to team leader. Sheobjects to every idea Norm suggests and spends the entire meeting selling her approach. Diane hopes that this will be a chance to show her skills to the head of the agency. This is known as

speed up the decision-making process.

One of the benefits of using intuition to make decisions is that it can

intuition

Rachel bought a table at a thrift store for $20. She had a feeling it might be valuable. When cleaned up and assessed, the table turned out to be an antique from the 1700s, worth $3,250. What was Rachel using to make her decision?

confirmation

Roger runs a small nonprofit group. He wants to buy a copier, because he knows it will be cheaper than going tothe copy store. One of the other employees remarks that they should make do with an inexpensive copier from Walmart or Staples, but Roger wants one that will copy legal documents and collate reports. Roger may be impacted by _______ bias.

anchoring bias

Ryan is looking to buy a used car. He seems to be most concerned with the color and style of the car, and uses those criteria as a basis for evaluating the value of the car, rather than considering how well the engine or the transmission is maintained. This is an example of

idea evaluation/validation

Selecting the most creative and promising idea from among multiple options relies on analytical and mainly conscious thinking. This is _______, the final stage of the creative performance process

her expertise

Teresa has a problem. She is working on three projects and the deadline for Project C was moved up. This particular client, Client C, is fairly easy-going and never puts any pressure on her unless it's absolutely necessary. Teresa decides to talk to Client A who always wants the project results a few days before the actual deadline. There might be some flexibility with that timeline. Teresa is using _______ in order to make this decision.

rational

The _______ model of decision making assumes that managers are completely objective and possess all information for their decisions. In this model, decisions demonstrate excellent logic.

Is the proposed action legal?

The first question asked in Bagley's decision tree is:

problem formulation/definition.

The first stage of the creative performance behavior process is

Holistic hunches and automated experiences

The forms of intuition are

preparation/information gathering

The idea that creativity starts from a base of knowledge is represented in the _______ stage of the creative performance process

help in making more ethical decisions.

The primary intent of Bagley's decision tree model is to

To ask employees to enter the building only after the structural problems had been fixed, and to ask customers for some leeway in filling orders.

Wanston operates factories in Southeast Asia. After a fire burned down one of the factories, Wanston needs to decide whether to continue operating in a damaged building or to wait until the damage has been repaired and chance losing orders. What might the ethical decision be?

judgmental heuristics

We all use shortcuts or ________ when making decisions.

Managers do not possess complete information.

Which of the following is one of the assumptions underlying non-rational models of decision making?

value orientation

Yuri is very task-focused at work and does not pay much attention to people issues. Tina is just the opposite.These are examples of ________, the extent to which an individual focuses on either task and technical concerns or people and social concerns when making decisions

Bounded rationality

______ is the idea that decision makers are restricted by constraints when making decisions.

Groupthink

_______ is a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group,when members' strivings for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action.

Group cohesiveness

_______ is the sense of "we-ness" that overrides individual differences and motives

Overconfidence

________ bias is especially evident in entrepreneurs who are deciding to start and sustain new ventures.

Optimizing

________ is solving problems by producing the best possible solution.

A. The Delphi technique

_________ is a group process that anonymously generates ideas or judgments from physically dispersed experts.

Person factors; environmental characteristics

__________ and ________ drive creative performance behaviors.

Judgmental Heuristics

__________ represent(s) cognitive shortcuts or biases that are used to simplify the process of making decisions

Rational

in a complicated decision environment, a manager should use the _______ method of decision making.

Anchoring

in the _________ bias, a decision maker is influenced by the first information received about a decision, even if it is irrelevant.

Representativeness

leon Law Offices only hires graduates from Ivy League schools because clients have been impressed by thosecredentials in the past. This is an example of ________ , and in this case, the "school attended" criterion is being used to facilitate complex information processing associated with employment interviews.

directive

marvin is a medical technician who administers stress tests. He has a low tolerance for ambiguity and is oriented toward task and technical concerns when making decisions. The ________ style is well suited for this position.

escalation of commitment

three years ago, the City of Recker committed to build a park and music venue by the river. It was expected tocost $2.5 million and be paid for from an additional meals tax in the community. The residents pushed back.Local restaurants suffered as people ate out less or patronized restaurants in neighboring communities. The project has stalled, but the town council kept pushing it on. This spring, a flood devastated the venue. The town council appears to have suffered from _______ bias.