OB Chapter 9 & 10

14) The Boeing Company created a team made up of employees from production, planning, quality control, tooling, design engineering, and information systems to automate shims on the company's C-17 program. This team is most likely to be an example of a ________ team. A) command B) cross-functional C) self-managed D) problem-solving E) task

B) cross-functional

32) Which of the following terms best represents voluntary actions that violate significant organizational norms and, in doing so, threatens the well-being of the organization or its members? A) negativity offset B) deviant workplace behavior C) self-concordance D) emotional contagion E) positivity offset

B) deviant workplace behavior

49) In discussing a given set of alternatives and arriving at a solution, group members tend to exaggerate the initial positions they hold. This phenomenon is called ________. A) self-concordance B) groupshift C) satisficing D) emotional labor E) groupthink

B) groupshift

45) Which of the following is most likely to increase team efficacy? A) providing measurable goals B) helping the team achieve small successes C) improving the reflexivity of the team D) ensuring that team goals are challenging E) reducing the number of members on a team

B) helping the team achieve small successes

51) Teams fit well in countries that score ________. A) high on power distance B) high on collectivism C) low on uncertainty avoidance D) high on long-term orientation E) low on restraint

B) high on collectivism

39) Which of the following is an effective means of countering social loafing? A) increase the rewards the group is given if it succeeds B) increase the amount by which the group's progress is monitored C) ensure that individual contributions to the group's outcome are identified D) increase the size of the group E) increase the group's work load

B) increase the amount by which the group's progress is monitored

19) Which of the following is not one of the key components of effective teams? A) team efficacy B) large size C) adequate resources D) member flexibility E) leadership and structure

B) large size

16) Which stage of group development is characterized by the development of close relationships and cohesiveness? A) bonding B) norming C) performing D) initiating E) forming

B) norming

23) In a ________ team, the manager's job becomes more about managing outside the team. A) technical B) self-managed C) problem-solving D) task E) virtual

B) self-managed

37) Groups of approximately ________ members tend to be more effective for taking action. A) two B) seven C) eleven D) sixteen E) twenty-one

B) seven

57) As compared to individual work, teamwork ________. A) involves fewer meetings B) takes more time C) needs less resources D) decreases communication demands E) decreases the need for conflict management

B) takes more time

2) Which of the following statements is true regarding informal groups? A) Informal groups are defined by the organization's structure. B) In informal groups, the behaviors team members should engage in are stipulated by and directed toward organizational goals. C) A group of people who come together to protest against a new law is an informal group. D) The six members of an airline flight crew are an informal group. E) Command groups and task groups are examples of informal groups.

C) A group of people who come together to protest against a new law is an informal group.

58) Which of the following statements is true regarding brainstorming? A) Brainstorming encourages criticizing an idea as early as possible. B) Brainstorming overcomes the problem of "production blocking." C) Brainstorming can overcome the pressures for conformity. D) Research consistently shows that a group in a brainstorming session generates more ideas than an individual working alone. E) Brainstorming fails to develop group cohesiveness.

C) Brainstorming can overcome the pressures for conformity.

59) Which of the following statements is true regarding a culturally diverse team? A) Elements of diversity do not interfere with team processes. B) Culturally homogeneous teams have more difficulty learning to work with each other than culturally heterogeneous teams do. C) Generally, newly formed culturally diverse teams underperform when compared to newly formed culturally homogeneous teams. D) Cultural diversity within a team is not advisable for those tasks that call for a variety of viewpoints. E) Solving problems is more difficult for culturally homogeneous teams than it is for culturally heterogeneous teams.

C) Generally, newly formed culturally diverse teams underperform when compared to newly formed culturally homogeneous teams.

1) Which one of the following characteristics is not necessarily true about groups? A) Group members are interdependent. B) Groups have two or more members. C) Groups are determined by the organization chart. D) Groups interact. E) Groups have particular objectives.

C) Groups are determined by the organization chart.

28) A high-ability team is composed of mostly intelligent members. Which of the following statements is true regarding a high-ability team? A) High-ability teams are also less adaptable to changing situations as compared to low-ability teams. B) When tasks are simple, high-ability teams perform better than low-ability teams. C) High-ability teams should be reserved for tackling the tough problems. D) Low-ability teams can more effectively apply existing knowledge to new problems than high-ability teams. E) When the task entails considerable thought, lower-ability teams perform better than high-ability teams.

C) High-ability teams should be reserved for tackling the tough problems.

41) ________ illustrates a process loss from using teams. A) Emotional contagion B) Cognitive dissonance C) Social loafing D) Positivity offset E) Emotional dissonance

C) Social loafing

7) John is a college student and he is accused of a campus crime. To deal with this problem a team is formed that consists of the dean of academic affairs, the dean of students, the registrar, the director of security, and the student's advisor. This team is an example of a(n) ________ group. A) interest B) command C) task D) informal E) friendship

C) task

25) Which of the following types of norms are likely to be the most common and the most important norms? A) appearance norms B) social arrangement norms C) resource allocation norms D) performance norms E) behavioral norms

D) performance norms

7) A team consists of employees from the same department who meet for a few hours each week to discuss ways of improving the work environment but they do not have the authority to unilaterally implement any of their suggestions. This is most likely to be a ________ team. A) cross-functional B) virtual C) self-managed D) problem-solving E) task

D) problem-solving

50) On teams performing nonroutine activities, ________ conflicts stimulate discussion, promote critical assessment of problems and options, and can lead to better team decisions. A) relationship B) efficacy C) resource D) task E) social

D) task

40) In the case of a team, when each member's contribution is not clearly visible, ________. A) team efficacy tends to increase B) team cohesiveness tends to decrease C) motivation of the team members tends to increase D) team members tend to decrease their efforts E) mutual accountability of the team members tends to decrease

D) team members tend to decrease their efforts

27) David is part of a work team. He exhibits good listening skills and provides effective feedback to team members, when required. He also successfully resolves conflicts within the team. Which one of the following skills would sum up his abilities? A) technical B) problem-solving C) decision-making D) interpersonal E) cognitive appraisal

Maybe interpersonal

4) ________ results in a level of performance that is greater than the sum of the individual inputs. A) Synergy B) Positive affect C) Emotional labor D) Cognitive dissonance E) Emotional dissonance

A) Synergy

36) Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of size of the group on the performance of the group? A) The size of the group does not affect the group's overall behavior. B) Evidence indicates that larger groups are faster at completing tasks than smaller ones. C) As compared to smaller groups, larger groups are better in problem solving. D) If the goal of the group is fact-finding then smaller groups are more effective than larger groups. E) Evidence indicates that individuals perform better in larger groups than in smaller ones.

A) The size of the group does not affect the group's overall behavior.

45) When ________ is of importance in decision making, group decisions are preferred to individual decisions. A) acceptance of solution B) speed C) efficiency D) clear responsibility E) accuracy

A) acceptance of solution

9) A(n) ________ group is determined by the organization chart and it is composed of the individuals who report directly to a given manager. A) command B) friendship C) interest D) informal E) intimate

A) command

29) Which of the following terms refers to the process by which an individual's desire for acceptance by the group and the pressure by the group on individual members to match its standards results in a change in individual attitudes and behaviors? A) conformity B) coercion C) commitment D) convergence E) confluence

A) conformity

29) People scoring high on ________ are valuable in teams because they're good at backing up fellow team members and at sensing when that support is truly needed. A) conscientiousness B) positivity C) emotional stability D) agreeableness E) openness to experience

A) conscientiousness

Your organization has recently started using group decision making. 64) You are most likely to observe that ________. A) group decision making is slower than individual decision making B) group decision making leads to decreased acceptance of the solution C) groups generate less information and knowledge than individuals D) group decisions are less creative than individual decisions E) group decisions are more accurate than the judgments of the most accurate individual in the group

A) group decision making is slower than individual decision making

53) Exercises that help individuals become team players include workshops on ________. A) negotiation B) individualism C) goal setting D) event planning E) recruiting

A) negotiation

2) Which of the following statements best defines a work group? A) A work group's performance is generally greater than the sum of its inputs from individual members. B) A work group interacts primarily to share information, rather than to engage in work that requires joint effort. C) A work group consists of 5 or more people who work collaboratively. D) A work group has a positive synergy and no active group dynamics, resulting in greater outputs. E) A work group is a group comprised of 10 or more people who belong to the same department.

B) A work group interacts primarily to share information, rather than to engage in work that requires joint effort.

18) Eva is not getting the results she needs from her data base administration team. She believes that this problem is occurring because the administration team is a virtual team. Which of the following is one of the things that Eva should do to create an effective virtual team? A) Conduct training for improving interpersonal skills. B) Allow more independence among members. C) Monitor progress of the team closely. D) Include peer evaluation in the appraisal system. E) Avoid publicizing team successes company-wide.

B) Allow more independence among members.

17) Which of the following statements is true regarding virtual teams? A) Virtual teams are less task oriented than face-to-face teams. B) In the case of virtual teams there is less social rapport and direct interaction among members. C) Virtual teams report more satisfaction with the group interaction process than do face-to-face teams. D) Virtual teams exchange more social-emotional information than face-to-face teams do. E) For increasing the efficiency of a virtual team, managers should empower the team and avoid monitoring its progress closely.

B) In the case of virtual teams there is less social rapport and direct interaction among members.

33) Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of status on conformity pressure? A) High-status individuals are often given less freedom to deviate from norms than are other group members. B) People in high-status jobs have especially negative reactions to social pressure exerted by people in low-status jobs. C) Lower-status people are better able to resist conformity pressures than their high-status peers. D) Groups exert equal conformity pressure on all individuals regardless of their status. E) As compared to high-status members, low-status members are given a wider range of discretion as long as their activities aren't severely detrimental to group goal achievement.

B) People in high-status jobs have especially negative reactions to social pressure exerted by people in low-status jobs.

10) ________ teams are groups of employees who perform highly related or interdependent jobs and take on many of the responsibilities of their former supervisors. A) Critical B) Self-managed work C) Cross-functional D) Problem-solving E) Task

B) Self-managed work

37) Which of the following statements is true regarding size of teams? A) Generally speaking, the most effective teams have twelve to fifteen members. B) When teams have excess members, cohesiveness declines. C) As team size increases, social loafing decreases. D) When teams have excess members, mutual accountability increases. E) As team size increases, coordination problems tend to decrease.

B) When teams have excess members, cohesiveness declines.

39) Effective teams begin their work by ________. A) allocating roles to team members according to their personalities and preferences B) analyzing the team's mission C) developing a climate of trust among team members D) developing team efficacy E) discussing individual goals

B) analyzing the team's mission

1) Which of the following helps explain the current popularity of teams? Teams ________. A) are easier to manage B) better utilize employee talents C) are less expensive D) promote socialization and cohesion E) increase the speed of decision making.

B) better utilize employee talents

52) Which of the following is a group decision-making technique? A) mind mapping B) brainstorming C) lateral thinking D) group polarization E) morphological analysis

B) brainstorming

20) With reference to the team effectiveness model, which of the following is one of the key components of an effective team, included under the category of contextual factors? A) team efficacy B) climate of trust C) common purpose D) social loafing E) specific goals

B) climate of trust

25) Araceli is a team member in a large corporation. She never speaks in team meetings because she has seen members talk behind each other's back after the meetings. Members are constantly monitoring the other members' work, looking for mistakes to point out in a meeting. According to the information provided, which contextual factor is most likely hindering the success of Araceli's team? A) adequate resources B) climate of trust C) team structure D) performance evaluations E) leadership

B) climate of trust

3) Which of the following statements is true regarding a work team? A) Today, work teams are rarely used in organizations. B) Work teams are less flexible than traditional departments. C) Work teams generate positive synergy through coordinated effort. D) Work teams are less responsive to changing events than are traditional departments. E) Work teams impede employee participation in decision making.

C) Work teams generate positive synergy through coordinated effort.

42) Members of successful teams put a tremendous amount of time and effort into discussing, shaping, and agreeing on ________ which then provides direction and guidance under any and all conditions. A) the level of individual contribution B) allocation of resources C) a common purpose D) allocation of roles E) developing team efficacy

C) a common purpose

35) According to status characteristics theory, which of the following factors does not determine status? A) control over the resources needed by the group B) contribution to goals C) ability to conform to group norms D) personality E) talent

C) ability to conform to group norms

21) Role ________ indicates the way others believe you should act in a given context. A) perception B) identity C) expectation D) criterion E) style

C) expectation

36) Generally speaking, the most effective teams have ________ members. A) two to four B) three to five C) five to nine D) ten to fifteen E) fifteen to twenty

C) five to nine

13) Which of the following stages of a five-stage group-development model is characterized by a great deal of uncertainty about the group's purpose, structure, and leadership? A) introduction B) storming C) forming D) evolution E) norming

C) forming

Astro Inc. is reorganizing and you have started working with your new workgroup just a day ago. 60) According to the five-stage group-development model, at present your work group is in the ________ stage. A) storming B) norming C) forming D) performing E) adjourning

C) forming

48) The phenomenon of ________ describes situations in which group pressures for conformity deter the group from critically appraising unusual, minority, or unpopular views. A) social loafing B) groupshift C) groupthink D) group polarization E) satisficing

C) groupthink

14) During the second stage of group development, ________. A) close relationships are developed B) the group demonstrates cohesiveness C) intragroup conflicts occur D) the job task is performed E) groups disband

C) intragroup conflicts occur

54) Patricia needs as many creative ideas as she can get for the new advertising campaign, and her small agency doesn't have a lot of money for high-tech meeting facilities. Given the information provided, which meeting technique will provide the highest number of quality ideas? A) interacting groups B) brainstorming C) nominal group technique D) electronic meeting E) social interaction

C) nominal group technique

30) Teams that are composed of people who score high on ________ are more creative and innovative. A) emotional stability B) agreeableness C) openness to experience D) extraversion E) conscientiousness

C) openness to experience

33) Which of the following factors typically improves the creativity of a diverse team? A) individual goals B) large team size C) proper leadership D) independent members E) team popularity

C) proper leadership

48) Which type of conflict is almost always dysfunctional? A) task conflict B) efficacy conflict C) relationship conflict D) resource conflict E) goal conflict

C) relationship conflict

You decide that your company's choice of which new product to manufacture needs to have widespread acceptance and that this decision needs to be of the highest quality possible. Having read the literature on decision making, you believe that this choice needs to be made by a group of your best managers. 67) You are likely to select nominal group technique over brainstorming because ________. A) nominal group technique involves a great deal of face-to-face interaction B) brainstorming encourages severe criticism to all ideas C) research generally shows nominal groups outperform brainstorming groups D) brainstorming decreases group cohesiveness E) during brainstorming sessions, group members feel high pressure for conformity

C) research generally shows nominal groups outperform brainstorming groups

63) Most likely, what would be the size of the group that is expected to implement a marketing plan? A) two B) five C) seven D) ten E) over twelve

C) seven

54) Evidence shows that teams that switch from a competitive to a cooperative system do not immediately ________. A) make poor decisions B) make rushed decisions C) share information D) have conflicts E) distrust each other

C) share information

38) Which of the following terms indicates the tendency of individuals to spend less effort when working collectively? A) groupthink B) collective efficacy C) social loafing D) groupshift E) clustering

C) social loafing

58) Work should be performed by an individual if ________. A) the work is complex and requires different perspectives B) the work creates a common purpose or set of goals for the people in the group that is more than the aggregate of individual goals C) the work is simple and does not require diverse input D) several tasks that are interdependent are to be performed for completing the work E) performing the work requires learning a new technology or understanding a new system

C) the work is simple and does not require diverse input

10) Which of the following statements is true regarding a task group? A) It is an informal group. B) A task group's boundaries are limited to its immediate hierarchical superior. C) All task groups are command groups. D) A task group can cross command relationships. E) All interest groups are task groups.

D) A task group can cross command relationships.

31) Which of the following statements is true regarding behavior in a group? A) Group norms do not press us toward conformity. B) A recent study suggests those working in a group were less likely to lie, cheat, and steal than individuals working alone. C) Conformity to social norms is higher in individualistic cultures as compared to that in collectivist cultures. D) Deviant workplace behavior is likely to flourish where it's supported by group norms. E) The low-status people in the group speak more often as compared to the high-status people.

D) Deviant workplace behavior is likely to flourish where it's supported by group norms.

17) Which of the following statements is most likely true regarding the norming stage of group development? A) According to the five-stage group-development model, this is the second stage in the group development model. B) This stage is characterized by a great deal of uncertainty about the group's purpose, structure, and leadership. C) During this stage, members accept the existence of the group but resist the constraints it imposes on individuality. D) During this stage, the group develops a common set of expectations of what defines correct member behavior. E) During this stage, the group performs the task at hand.

D) During this stage, the group develops a common set of expectations of what defines correct member behavior.

55) Which of following statements is true regarding a reward system that attempts to create good team players? A) The reward system should encourage competitive efforts. B) Rewards given to individuals should be based on peer evaluation. C) The reward system should ignore individual contributions. D) Performance-based rewards could include a bonus based on achievement of team goals. E) The reward system should discourage cooperative efforts.

D) Performance-based rewards could include a bonus based on achievement of team goals.

47) If team members have similar mental models then it means that the team members have similar ________. A) roles within the team B) self-efficacy C) knowledge and skills D) beliefs about how the work gets done E) attitudes towards social loafing

D) beliefs about how the work gets done

23) When ________, the result is role conflict. A) we lack the skills required for performing the role B) we do not approve of the behavioral requirements of a role C) our view of the role is different from others' expectations of that role D) compliance with one role requirement may make it difficult to comply with another E) different groups of people associate different norms with a role

D) compliance with one role requirement may make it difficult to comply with another

44) Alberto is working with a group of fifteen people to coordinate the merger of two corporations. Everyone in the group is highly qualified, offers relevant information, and has high norms. Still, the group seems to be slow at outlining a definitive plan for the merger. With the information provided, what would be the fastest and best way for Alberto to increase cohesiveness and productivity? A) hold long meetings at a restaurant or in a social setting B) stimulate competition within the group C) decrease the time members spend together D) decrease the size of the group E) invite more members into the group

D) decrease the size of the group

12) What are the five stages of group development? A) generation, implementation, construction, production, and termination B) introduction, development, production, deterioration, and adjournment C) initiation, evolution, maturation, degeneration, and termination D) forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning E) introducing, developing, performing, controlling, and terminating

D) forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning

65) You have observed that the group tends to come to consensus very quickly and there appears to be an illusion of unanimity. You conclude that they may be suffering from ________. A) negative affect B) groupshift C) cognitive dissonance D) groupthink E) positivity offset

D) groupthink

20) Role perception indicates ________. A) others' belief regarding how you should act in a given situation B) the skills required for performing the job C) the social norms that are to be followed while performing the role D) our view of how we're supposed to act in a given situation E) acceptable standards of behavior shared by nongroup members

D) our view of how we're supposed to act in a given situation

67) Provided that all of the team members are equally qualified, which of the following teams is likely to be the least challenging to manage? A) A team comprised of members drawn equally from all of the company's offices, because culturally diverse teams tend to operate with minimal conflict. B) A team comprised primarily of members from the United States, because employees from countries with individualistic values tend to function well in teams. C) A team comprised primarily of members from Canada, Britain, and Australia, because cultures of these countries are characterized by high power distance. D) A team comprised of members from both Japan and Mexico, because employees from these countries tend to focus on individual accomplishments. E) A team comprised primarily of members from either Japan or another Asian-Pacific country, because employees from countries with collectivist values tend to adjust easily to team structures.

E) A team comprised primarily of members from either Japan or another Asian-Pacific country, because employees from countries with collectivist values tend to adjust easily to team structures.

51) Which of the following steps can be taken by a manager to minimize groupthink? A) Increase the group size. B) Encourage group leaders to express their own opinions especially in the early stages of deliberation. C) Prevent all team members from playing the role of "devil's advocate." D) Ask the group members to first focus on the positives of an alternative rather than the negatives. E) Ask the group leader to actively seek input from all members.

E) Ask the group leader to actively seek input from all members.

15) Which of the following statements is true regarding a cross-functional team? A) A cross-functional team is made up of employees from different hierarchical levels. B) A cross-functional team is made up of employees from the same department. C) Today, cross-functional teams are rarely used in well-established organizations. D) In the case of a cross-functional team, the early stages of development are typically very short. E) Cross-functional teams are used for developing new ideas and coordinating complex projects.

E) Cross-functional teams are used for developing new ideas and coordinating complex projects.

47) Which of the following statements is true regarding group decision making? A) If creativity is important then individuals tend to be more effective than groups. B) Group decision making tends to decrease the acceptance of the solution. C) Group decisions are typically less time consuming than individual decisions. D) Group decisions are generally less accurate than the decisions of the average individual in a group. E) Groups generate more complete information and knowledge than individuals.

E) Groups generate more complete information and knowledge than individuals.

11) Which of the following statements is true regarding self-managed work teams? A) Self-managed work teams typically consist of forty to fifty employees. B) Self-managed work teams typically manage conflicts well. C) Members of self-managed work teams typically report lower job satisfaction. D) Self-managed work teams are typically composed of employees from different departments who work independent of each other. E) In the case of self-managed work teams, supervisory positions take on decreased importance.

E) In the case of self-managed work teams, supervisory positions take on decreased importance.

42) Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of group cohesiveness and performance norms on group productivity? A) When cohesiveness is low and performance norms are also low, productivity will be high. B) The productivity of the group is affected by the performance norms but not by the cohesiveness of the group. C) If cohesiveness is high and performance norms are low, productivity will be high. D) If cohesiveness is low and performance norms are high, productivity will be low. E) When both cohesiveness and performance norms are high, productivity will be high.

E) When both cohesiveness and performance norms are high, productivity will be high.

11) Which of the following best represents a command group? A) a group of people who have similar political views B) employees who come together to protest against certain company policies C) a group of people who like a particular film star D) workers who come together to complain against a supervisor E) a director of postal audits and his five inspectors

E) a director of postal audits and his five inspectors

4) Which of the following groups is most likely to be determined by the organizational chart? A) informal B) task C) friendship D) interest E) formal

E) formal

59) Hubert needs an instruction manual for his new product. He needs a small team of technical writers to work together closely to rapidly write the manual. He needs them to communicate ideas quickly, creatively, and affordably. Which of the following group techniques should Hubert consider? A) nominal and electronic B) nominal and interacting C) brainstorming and electronic D) electronic and interacting E) interacting and brainstorming

E) interacting and brainstorming

31) Teams that consist of team members that score ________ are more likely to perform poorly. A) high on conscientiousness B) high on openness to experience C) high on emotional stability D) low on extraversion E) low on agreeableness

E) low on agreeableness

24) Leadership is especially important in ________, in which different teams coordinate their efforts to produce a desired outcome. A) technical teams B) self-managed teams C) problem-solving teams D) management teams E) multi-team systems

E) multi-team systems

62) Joe is forming a fact-finding group. What would be the better group size to gain diverse input? A) two B) five C) seven D) ten E) over twelve

E) over twelve

18) When the group energy is focused on the task at hand, the group has moved to the ________ stage. A) storming B) norming C) production D) maturation E) performing

E) performing

26) In addition to evaluating and rewarding employees for their individual contributions, management should consider using ________ to reinforce team effort and commitment. A) personalized incentives B) consistent wages for all team members C) individual performance evaluations D) fixed hourly wages E) profit sharing

E) profit sharing

38) A team that has a good plan, but is also willing to adjust their master plan and adapt when conditions call for it demonstrates high ________, an important variable in successful team processes. A) goal specificity B) goal congruency C) social loafing D) diversity E) reflexivity

E) reflexivity