OB Exam Ch 12

Ohio State Studies

-1940s -behavior described by employees that substantially accounted for leadership behavior: initiating structure and consideration

path-goal theory

-Robert House -a contingency model of leadership that extracts key elements form the Ohio State leadership research on initiating structure and consideration and the expectancy theory of motivation -it is the leader's job to assist followers in attaining their goals and to provide the necessary direction and/or support to ensure that their goals are compatible with the overall objectives of the firm.

Charismatic leadership theory

-Robert House -followers make attributes of heroic or extraordinary leadership abilities when they observe certain behaviors -willing to take personal risk, sensitive to followers needs, have vision -born with charismatic traits however individuals can learn to be charismatic leaders

University of Michigan Studies

-University of Michigan's Survey Research Center -sought to locate behavioral characteristics of leaders that appeared related to performance effectiveness -employee oriented leader -production oriented leader

Leader-participation model

-Victor Vroom and Philip Yetton -relates leadership behavior and participation in decision making -says leader behavior must adjust to reflect the task structure

emotional intelligence

-empathetic leaders can sense others' needs, listen to what followers say, and read the reactions of others -people with high EI are likely to emerge as leaders

Big Five Traits

-extraversion is the most import trait of effective leaders; related to leaders' effectiveness -too assertive leaders are not productive -conscientiousness and openness to experience are important leadership qualities

Fielder Model: LPC

-he believed that a key factor in leadership success is the individual's basic leadership style. he created the least preferred coworker (LPC) questionnaire -looks to measure whether a person is task or relationship oriented -a high score indicated a relationship oriented leader - a low score indicates a task oriented leader

GLOBE Study

-suggest there are international differences in preference for initiating structure and consideration - a US manager leading a team in Brazil would need to be team oriented, participative, and humane -compared to US employees, the French place emphasis on task oriented leaders -Chinese culture places emphasis on being polite

Fielder Model

-the first comprehensive contingency model for leadership was developed by Fred Fielder -proposed that effective group performance depends upon the proper match between the leader's style and the degree to which the situation gives control to the leader

servant leadership

-these type of leaders go beyond their own self-interest and focus on opportunities to help followers grow and develop -don't use power to achieve ends

Contingency Theories

-tough minded leaders seem successful in difficult times, but tend to be dismissed when the environment improves

Consequences of trust (4)

1. Trust encourages taking risks 2. Trust facilitates information sharing 2. Trusting groups are more effective 4. Trust enhances productivity

Characteristics of Trustworthy Leaders (3)

1. integrity: honesty 2. benevolence: the trusted person has your interests at heart 3. ability: technical and interpersonal knowledge

mentor

is a senior employee who sponsors and supports a less-experienced employee, a protégé

leadership

is the ability to influence a group toward the achievement of a vision or set of goals

Authentic leadership

leaders know who they are, what they believe in and value, and ac on those values and beliefs openly and candidly -people have faith in them

nonsanctioned leadership

the ability to influence that arises outside the formal structure of the organization

Fielder Model: task structure

the degree to which the job assignments are procedural

leader-member exchange theory (LMX)

argues that because of time pressures, leaders establishes special relationship with a small group of followers; the in-group

identification-based trust

based on a mutual understanding of each other's intentions and appreciation of the other's wants and desires, is particularly difficult to achieve without face-to-face interaction

socialize charismatic leadership

efforts made to combine ethical and charismatic leadership into an idea of...

University of Michigan Studies: employee oriented leader

emphasized interpersonal relationships by taking a person interest in the needs of employees and accepting individual differences among them -similar to the ohio state studies consideration

University of Michigan Studies: production oriented leader

emphasized the technical or task aspects of the job, focusing on on accomplishing the group's tasks -similar to the ohio state studies initiating structure

Trait theories of leadership

focus on personal qualities and characteristics. the search for personality, social, physical, or intellectual attributes that differentiate leaders from nonleaders.

behavioral theories of leadership

implied we could train people to be leaders

transformational leaders

inspire followers to transcend their own self-interests for the good of the organization -change followers' awareness of issues by helping the to look at old problems in new ways

situational leadership theory

is a contingency theory that focuses on the followers -says successful leadership is achieved by selecting the right leadership style

Trust

is a psychological state that exists when you agree to make yourself vulnerable to another because you have positive expectations about how things are going to turn out.

Ohio State Studies: initiating structure

is the extent to which a leader is likely to define and structure his or her role and those of employees in the search for goal attainment -involves behavior the attempts to organize work, work relationships, and goals

Ohio State Studies: consideration

is the extent to which a person's ob relationships are characterized by mutual trust, respect for employees' ideas, and regard for their feelings

Ethical leadership

leaders who treat their followers with fairness, provide honest and accurate information are seen as more effective -humbleness

trust propensity

refers to how likely a particular employee is to trust a leader

attribution theory of leadership

says leadership is merely an attribution people make about other individuals -at the organizational level, we tend to see leaders, rightly or wrongly, as responsible for extremely negative or extremely positive performance

Fielder Model: leader-member relations

the degree of confidence, trust, and respect members have in their leader

Fielder Model: position power

the degree of influence a leader has over the power variables such as hiring, firing, discipline, promotions, and salary increases

transactional leaders

these kinds of leaders guide or motivate their followers in the direction of established goals by clarifying role and task requirements