OB Exam

Is defined by order, self-restriction, preservation of the past, and resistance to change

Conservation

Elaine often volunteers to help others when they run into problems with their projects. She is very positive, always on time, and never calls in sick. Exhibiting ________ is likely to create positive impressions among Elaine's colleagues and manager.

OCB

Researchers found that care for organizational property, punctuality, and attendance positively correlate with job satisfaction and are an example of

OCB

A problem is

a gap between an actual and a desired situation

personal attributes

attitudes, personality, teamwork, leadership

Mark marches to the beat of his own drummer, while Simon plans on following in his father's footstep. Mark is open to change, while Simon embraces

conservation

organizational behavior

describes an interdisciplinary field dedicated to understanding and managing people at work

Problem

difference or gap between an actual and a desired state or outcome

surface-level characteristics include ___ age, and race

gender

which of the following is not one of the recommendations to managers about reducing stereotypes

managers should actively involve stereotypes

resolving problems

most common action managers take and means choosing a satisfactory solution, one that works, but is less than ideal

The idea of perceived organizational support is that if treated well, employees are motivated by

norm of reciprocity

solving problems

optimal or ideal response

is the extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and commits to its goals

organizational commitment

Core self-evaluations represent a broad personality trait comprised of all of the following except

proactivity

Jasmine wants to get an A on the end of semester course project but one team member is not doing the assigned work which may result in a significant amount of points being deducted. This presents a(n)____ for Jamie

problem

___skills are increasingly needed in today's complex world in order to achieve superior performance where workers at all levels of the organization are called upon to think critically, take ownership of problems, and make real-time decisions

problem solving

The self-transcendence part of Schwartz's model is composed of

Universalism and Benevolence

ethical factors include all of the following except

putting forth effort

3 step approach to problem solving

1. Define the problem (define problems in terms of desired outcomes) 2. Identify potential causes using OB concepts and theories (identify underlying causes) 3. Make recommendations and if appropriate take action (map recommendations onto causes)

Seema is married with two children and lives in New York. She has worked at Bubble Zone for 10 years. These are all _______of the four layers of diversity.

External Dimensions

Karen, the team captain of her high school soccer team, is very sociable and assertive. She never is at a loss for words and feels comfortable interacting will all teammates and coaches. Karen is likely to score high on

Extraversion

Why are ethics considered so important when studying organizational behavior

You will be confronted with ethical challenges at all levels of organizations and throughout your career

problem solving

a systematic process for closing gaps between an actual and desired situation

Petra made a large mistake on a report she submitted to her boss, and it ended up costing the company a significant amount of money. When asked why this had occurred, she blamed one of her coworkers for giving her erroneous information for the report. Petra is expressing

an external locus of control

contingency perspective

calls for using the OB concepts and tools that best suit the situation, instead of trying to rely on "one best way" (appropriate behavior is based on the situation, there is no single best way to manage people)

In solving a problem, a manager

chooses a satisfactory solution

Jane hates the idea of child labor. She works for a company that claims that it doesn't employ children. However, news reports accuse the company of employing young children overseas. ____ is the psychological discomfort that Jane is experiencing since she heard this news

cognitive dissonance

situation factors

elements outside ourselves that influence what we do, the way we do it, and the ultimate results of our actions

kiki is a manager of a small boutique gift store. she only has two employees, tim and sandra. tim is a part-time student and is happy with the amount of work he has at the store. sandra works full-time, but seems to be less interested and increasingly remote at work. kiki asks sandra if anything is wrong, and sandra says she is bored and thinking of leaving. kiki knows that sandra paints as a hobby and suggests that she might want to take over the store and window displays. sandra is really excited about the opportunity. this is an example of a manager who is

enhancing the employee's job satisfaction

People with an internal locus of control

have stronger expectations that effort leads to performance.

Carrie goes out to lunch and orders a diet soda. If we consider ____she is likely to prefer a salad for lunch

implicit cognition

Framework

implies that person and situation factors are the initial drivers of all outcomes, such that inputs affect processes and processes affect outcomes

person factors

infinite characteristics that give individuals their unique identities

soft skills

relate to our human interactions and include both interpersonal skills and personal attributes (these skills are not job specific)

dissolving problems

requires changing or eliminating the situation in which the problem occurs

What kind of response is a manager making when he or she chooses a satisfactory, but not ideal solution

resolving

Jennifer wins an art contest. She attributes the outcome to luck. Jennifer is likely to have

an external locus of control

in the Organizing Framework, inputs (in part) consist of

situation characteristics

Sue is working many hours overtime for Nike Inc. She dislikes the company because she believes that she is being treated unfairly. According to cognitive dissonance theory, what is the discrepancy she is experiencing? Describe two ways she might reduce the dissonance she is feeling

Cognitive Dissonance- represents the psychological discomfort a person experiences when simultaneously holding two or more conflicting cognitions The discrepancy Sue is facing is she is working overtime (behavior) and therefore thinks she is being treated unfairly(attitude). Because of this she is not happy with the Nike Inc. One way Sue can reduce the dissonance feeling is by changing her attitude. She can change her attitude about believing she is not being treated fairly to "My company works me overtime because they love the work I produce and it helps my company thrive." She can also belittle the importance of her working overtime. She can say "Even though I am working overtime, it is okay because I am getting paid for it in the end and I could use the extra money"

interpersonal skills

active listening, positive attitudes, effective communication

To help you qualify the best solution, you should consider the ___ of each alternative, especially trade-offs between the pros and cons such as who wins and who loses, ideal versus practical options, perfection versus excellence and superior versus satisfactory results

consequences

Since she was hired four months ago, Janelle has performed poorly on many aspects of her job. This is likely to be attributed to

internal causes

OB is important in all facets of school and work because

it helps us to understand and manage people

At ABC Inc., each employee is required to evaluate himself or herself as part of preparation to meet with his or her manager for the annual employee performance review. As part of this, Daneesha prepared a thoughtful and comprehensive list of her strengths and weaknesses. Daneesha was displaying her:

self-awareness

can be developed because it involves a person's belief about his or her chances of successfully accomplishing a specific task

self-efficacy

is your general belief about your own self-worth

self-esteem

Ethical dilemmas

situations with two, neither of which resolves the situation in an ethically acceptance manner

A___ is am individual's set of beliefs about the characteristics of a group

stereotype

which of the following is not a behavior that research found in the employees' categorical knowledge of good leaders

using an autocratic approach.

briefly describe each of the big "Big Five" personality traits. If your responsible for hiring an individual for a sales position, which traits would you seek

Extraversion- outgoing, talkative, sociable, assertive Agreeableness- trusting, good-natured, cooperative, softhearted Conscientiousness- dependable, responsible, achievement-oriented, persistent Emotional Stability- relaxed, secured, unworried Openness to Experience- intellectual, imaginative, curious, broad-minded

Jenny is described by her friends as independent, distrusting authority, and technologically savvy. One of her strongest memories is the day of the Oklahoma City bombings. She is most likely to be a member of the ________ generation

Gen Xers

owen leads a team tasked with developing a client a client tracking system. He is nervous and worried, afraid that if this assignment doesn't go well, he won't be promoted. Jack, a team member, is relaxed, unworried, and secure in the feeling that they have all the necessary resources and talents to make this work. Jack is likely to score high on

emotional stability

are both elements of hedonism

self- enhancement and openness to change

Problem solving and critical thinking are ____ because they use logic and reasoning to develop and evaluate options

soft skills

the self-serving bias states that we tend to

take more responsibility for success than failure

hard skills

technical expertise and knowledge to do a particular task or job function