Obgyn mock

The treatment of an ectopic pregnancy called salpingostomy is? Usually done on a patient with recurrent or ruptured ectopic pregnancies When the tube is spared When the tube is removed Usually done on stable patients only

When the tube is spared

The presence of additional placental tissue adjacent to the main placenta is termed a(n): accessory placenta battledore placenta circumvallate placenta velamentous placenta

accessory placenta

Which of the following fetal presentations is normally treated by cesarean section? Vertex presentation at 39 weeks Occiput presentation at 41 weeks Breech presentation at 22 weeks Breech presentation at 38 weeks Cephalic presentation at 36 weeks

Breech presentation at 38 weeks

T/f Subchorionic hemorrhage is the most common cause of painless vaginal bleeding in the first trimester?

True

Which statement(s) is true about the rupture of an interstitial pregnancy? Rupture of an ectopic Interstitial pregnancy carries the most life-threatening risk of hemorrhage from the uterine arteries Growth of fetus can continue 3 -4 months without rupture All choices are correct Rare and relatively asymptomatic

All choices are correct

When should the amnion and chorion fuse by? No later than 8 weeks gestation No later than 16 weeks gestation No later than 10 weeks gestation No later than 12 weeks gestation

No later than 16 weeks gestation

Abnormal growth of a blastocyst with a proliferative number of trophoblastic cells caused by improper fertilization of a zygote is called? All of the above Molar Pregnancy Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Hydatidiform mole

All of the above

Select the sonographic findings that increase suspicion of a choriocarcinoma. Soft tissue mass filling the uterine cavity Hyperechoic shadowing mass within the myometrium Normal fetus and placenta with a cystic vesicular portion Mass invasion through the uterine myometrium to the serosa with hypoechoic liver lesions

Mass invasion through the uterine myometrium to the serosa with hypoechoic liver lesions

Select the measurement from the frontal to the occipital bone obtained at the level of the thalami. Cephalic index (CI) Biparietal diameter (BPD) Biocular distance (BOD) Occipito-frontal diameter (OFD)

Occipito-frontal diameter (OFD)

This duplex image identifies which of the following structures? thrombosis of an umbilical artery umbilical varix single umbilical artery velamentous cord

single umbilical artery

Habitual or Recurrent Abortion is a miscarriage of 3 or more consecutive pregnancies and is considered a form of infertility True False

True

T/F Heterotopic Pregnancy is a type of ectopic pregnancy that has a simultaneous intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) AND ectopic pregnancy

True

The treatment of an ectopic pregnancy called salpingectomy is. When the tube is removed Usually done on stable patients only When the tube is spared

When the tube is removed

A monozygotic twin that splits between 8 and 12 days of fertilization will be? Conjoined twins Monochorionic and diamniotic twins Monochorionic and monoamniotic twins Dichorionic and diamniotic twins

Monochorionic and monoamniotic twins

The ultrasound image below was taken of an uterus in a 25-year-old woman with normal levels of hCG for dates. What is the best diagnosis for this image? Ectopic pregnancy Theca lutein cysts Incomplete molar pregnancy Subchorionic hemorrhage

Subchorionic hemorrhage

Risk factors for Gestational trophoblastic disease include all of the following EXCEPT. Women of Hispanic origin Maternal age over 50 Maternal age Under 20 and Over 35 Women of Asian origin

Women of Hispanic origin

Visibility of this structure predicts a viable pregnancy in over 90% of cases. Yolk Sac Fetal Pole Gestational sac Vitelline duct

Yolk Sac

All of the following are true about ectopic pregnancies EXCEPT? hCG levels are slightly higher than normal IUP May occur anywhere in the pelvic cavity, or less commonly in the abdominal cavity Most common location is within the Ampulla of the fallopian tube Vaginal Bleeding -Light to Heavy (Bright Red)

hCG levels are slightly higher than normal IUP

Trophoblastic cells produce? Progesterone which prevents shedding of the uterine lining and estrogen that erodes the endometrial surface to allow implantation hCG which extends the life of the corpus luteum and enzymes that erode the endometrial surface to allow implantation

hCG which extends the life of the corpus luteum and enzymes that erode the endometrial surface to allow implantation

Bradycardia is defined as. 140 -160 bpm >160 bpm < 100 bpm 90 -115 bpm

< 100 bpm

What structures are formed within the embryo by the end of the 10th week? All organs and structures are completely formed All rudimentary forms of all organs and structures Heart and brain are completely formed Rudimentary forms of the heart and brain

All rudimentary forms of all organs and structures

According to the ALARA principle which thermal index setting should be used after 10 weeks gestation? TIC MI TIB TIS

TIB

Refer to the image of the fetal chest above: The arrow is pointing to The right ventricular wall The left ventricular wall A ventriculoseptal defect The atrial septum The interventricular septum

The interventricular septum

Extension of an anterior placenta into the maternal urinary bladder is a sonographic finding associated with: placenta percreta placenta previa placenta increta endometriosis

placenta percreta

The gestational sac grows approximately. 1 mm per day 8 mm per day 8 cm per day 1 cm per day

1 mm per day

The fetal stomach should be visualized by: Group of answer choices 8 weeks 14 weeks 20 weeks 18 weeks

14 weeks

What is a normal heart rate for a fetus at 9 weeks gestational age? ~140 bpm 90 -115 bpm 140 -160 bpm 160 -180 bpm

140 -160 bpm

Placental thickness will vary with gestational age but generally measures: 2 to 3 cm 5 to 6 cm 4 to 5 cm 1 to 2 cm

2 to 3 cm

What percentage of twins is monozygotic? 30 40 50 70

30

The thickness of the nuchal fold in the second trimester should not exceed: 3 mm 6 mm 10 mm 12 mm

6 mm

The fetal lip typically closes by: 18 weeks 8 weeks 13 weeks 6 weeks

8 weeks

The form of inheritance in which at least one parent has to be a carrier of an abnormal gene for it to be passed to the fetus is: Autosomal recessive Autosomal dominant Inherited dominant Inherited recessive

Autosomal dominant

The renal cystic disease that results in the development of cysts late in adulthood is: Multicystic dysplastic renal disease Autosomal recessive polycystic disease Autosomal dominant polycystic disease Obstructive cystic dysplasia

Autosomal dominant polycystic disease

What is used as a tumor marker for endometrial carcinoma? CR-124 CE-125 CA-125 CA-45

CA-125

Which of the following is considered a Impending or suspicious sign for pregnancy failure in a fetus found without a heartbeat? A follow up scan before 7 days after initial scan that shows a Yolk sac with no embryo CRL of 6 mm by transvaginal ultrasound A follow up scan before 1 week after initial scan that shows No yolk sac and No embryo MSD < 16 mm with an embryo present

CRL of 6 mm by transvaginal ultrasound

In VACTERL association, the letter "C" stands for: Cerebellar C-spine Cranial Cardiac

Cardiac

The area of attachment of the fallopian tubes within the uterus is the: Fundus Corpus Isthmus Cornu

Cornu

Fusion of the orbits is termed: Microglossia Cebocephaly Cyclopia Ethmocephaly

Cyclopia

Twins that result from the fertilization of two separate ova are called: Diamniotic Dizygotic Monozygotic Monochorionic

Dizygotic

Which of the following conditions does not affect the orbits? Cebocephaly Cyclopia Ethmocephaly Epignathus

Epignathus

The congenital absence of part of the esophagus is termed: Duodenal atresia VACTERL syndrome Down syndrome Esophageal atresia

Esophageal atresia

What hormone plays a major role in the symptoms associated with menopause? hCG LH Estrogen CA-120

Estrogen

The condition in which there is no nose and a proboscis separating two close-set orbits is: Ethmocephaly Epignathus Micrognathia Cebocephaly

Ethmocephaly

How is hydrops related to rh incompatibility normally treated at 26 weeks? Early delivery Amniocentesis Chorionic villi sampling Pigtail catheter insertion Exchange transfusion

Exchange transfusion

Which of the following is the most commonly used measurement to estimate fetal age? AC HC BPD FL

FL

Which one of the following statements about facial anomalies is correct? Fetal facial anomalies are homogeneous. Hemangiomas do not occur in the face and neck. Facial anomalies occur as isolated defects or as part of a syndrome. Doppler evaluation of facial masses is discouraged because of possible bioeffects to the fetus.

Facial anomalies occur as isolated defects or as part of a syndrome.

The isolated enlargement of the fetal thyroid is referred to as: Fetal goiter Cystic hygroma Lymphangioma Cervical teratoma

Fetal goiter

A coexisting pericardial effusion and a pleural effusion is consistent with the diagnosis of: Tetralogy of Fallot Pentalogy of Cantrell Fetal hydrops Potter syndrome

Fetal hydrops

What is the process that establishes all 3 germ layers in the embryo? Gestation Neuralization Gastrulation Implantation

Gastrulation

Ear malformation may be observed in which one of the following? Pierre Robin syndrome Goldstein syndrome Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome Goldenhar syndrome

Goldenhar syndrome

Select the most common fetal ratio parameter. Head circumference/abdominal circumference ratio (HC/AC) Abdomen circumference/femur length (AC/FL) Humerus length/biparietal diameter (HL/PBD) Biparietal diameter/abdominal circumference (BPD/AC)

Head circumference/abdominal circumference ratio (HC/AC)

A simple fluid accumulation within the vagina secondary to an imperforate hymen is: Group of answer choices Hydrometrocolpos Hydrocolpos Hematometra Hematocolpos

Hydrocolpos

Another name for pelvocaliectasis is: Group of answer choices Caliectasis Hydrocele Hydronephrosis Pyonephrosis

Hydronephrosis

What is the most common fetal abnormality noted during an obstetric sonogram? Spina bifida Anencaphaly Hydronephrosis Cleft lip

Hydronephrosis

A reduction in the distance between the orbits is referred to as: Anophthalmia Micrognathia Hypertelorism Hypotelorism

Hypotelorism

Which of the following is a sonographic finding for the donor twin in the TTTS pregnancy. Hypovolemic Polyhydramnios Macrosomia Hydrops

Hypovolemic

What is a gynecologic procedure to remove an endometrial polyp? Hysterectomy with myomectomy Histogram with myomectomy Hysteroscopy with polypectomy Hysteroscopy with polyp myomectomy

Hysteroscopy with polypectomy

Which of the following is a common pitfall when measuring femur length? including the fetal pelvic bones in the measurement measuring the lower leg instead of the femu Including the patella in the measurement including the distal femoral point in the measurement

Including the patella in the measurement

The type of abortion where there is Retained products of conception (RPOC) within the gestational sac is considered a? Missed Abortion Threatened Abortion Incomplete Abortion Inevitable Abortion Complete Abortion

Incomplete Abortion

The ultrasound image below was taken of a 38-year-old woman with high levels of hCG for dates. What is the best diagnosis for this image? Incomplete molar pregnancy Theca lutein cysts Ectopic pregnancy Complete molar pregnancy

Incomplete molar pregnancy

Fetal TORCH is frequently associated with: Maternal hypertension Twin-twin transfusion syndrome Intracranial calcifications Renal cystic disease

Intracranial calcifications

A complex or solid adnexal mass that moves together with the ovary is most likely an? Extraovarian mass Ectopic pregnancy Intraovarian mass

Intraovarian mass

Which of the following would be most difficult to detect sonographically? Cleft lip and cleft palate Isolated cleft lip Isolated cleft palate Isolated median cleft

Isolated cleft palate

Which of the following best describes a choledochal cyst? It is the cystic dilatation of the common bile duct. It is the herniation of the abdominal contents into the umbilical cord. It is the congenital absence of the cystic duct. It is the inflammation of the biliary tree due to extrinsic obstruction.

It is the cystic dilatation of the common bile duct.

The malignant ovarian tumor with gastrointestinal origin is the: Brenner tumor Krukenberg tumor Yolk sac tumor Granulosa cell tumor

Krukenberg tumor

Which of the following describes the sonographic findings of an embryonic demise? Empty gestational sac greater than 20 mm Lack of heart motion, expanded amnion sign, missing double bleb sign Empty gestational sac smaller than expected size Thick endometrium with decreased myometrial flow

Lack of heart motion, expanded amnion sign, missing double bleb sign

Select the clinical finding that raises suspicion for a multiple pregnancy. MSAFP level of <2.5 MOM Palpation of two heads Maternal hypertension Large for gestational age

Large for gestational age

The periovulatory phase may also be referred to as the: Group of answer choices Early secretory phase Late proliferative phase Late secretory phase Early proliferative phase

Late proliferative phase

An EIF is most often seen within the: Left ventricle Right ventricle Left atrium Right atrium

Left ventricle

Webbing across the joint and multiple contractures are sonographic findings of which one of the following abnormalities? Roberts syndrome Jeune syndrome Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome

Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome

Weakening of these muscles may lead to prolapse of the pelvic organs: Group of answer choices Rectus abdominis and obturator internus muscles Levator ani and coccygeus muscles Obturator internus and levator ani muscles Piriformis and iliopsoas muscles

Levator ani and coccygeus muscles

What syndrome describes the fetus with herniated viscera within a complex membrane-involved mass, severe scoliosis, cranial, and spinal defects? Limb-body wall complex Midgut volvulus Potter sequence Prune belly syndrome

Limb-body wall complex

All of the following are consistent with a hydatidiform mole except: Hyperemesis Bilateral theca lutein cysts Low hCG Heterogeneous mass within the endometrium

Low hCG

What is the most likely pulsed Doppler characteristic of endometrial cancer? Low-impedance flow High-impedance flow Absent systolic flow Converse diastolic flow

Low-impedance flow

Numerous noncommunicating anechoic masses are noted within the left renal fossa of a fetus at 20 weeks' gestation. What is the most likely etiology of these masses? Group of answer choices ARPKD ADPKD MCDK disease Hydronephrosis

MCDK disease

An unusual protuberance of the tongue is termed: Epignathus Macrognathia Pharyngoglossia Macroglossia

Macroglossia

A woman presents at 38 weeks gestation for sonographic evaluation of fetal weight. EFW is approximately 4200 grams. Which of the following best describes the condition of the fetus? normal upper limits of normal for EFW Macrosomina IUGR

Macrosomina

A structural abnormality that results from an abnormal development describes: Group of answer choices Syndrome Chromosomal deviation Malformation Congenital misrepresentation

Malformation

The middle germ layer in the embryo is called. Blastoderm Endoderm Ectoderm mesoderm

Mesoderm

Before 9 weeks, the fetal kidneys are located within the: Umbilical cord Pelvis Chest Renal fossae

Pelvis

Which of the following hormones is released by the ovary during the second half of the menstrual cycle? Group of answer choices Luteinizing hormone Follicle-stimulating hormone Human chorionic gonadotropin Progesterone

Progesterone

The most common fetal cardiac tumor is the: CAM Chordae tendineae Cardiomyoma Rhabdomyoma

Rhabdomyoma

What is the most common cause of hydronephrosis in the neonate and the most common form of fetal renal obstruction? Group of answer choices UVJ obstruction UPJ obstruction Vesicoureteral reflux Urethral atresia

UPJ obstruction

All of the following would be associated with oligohydramnios except: Bilateral renal agenesis Unilateral renal agenesis ARPKD Bilateral MCDK disease

Unilateral renal agenesis

Which of the following would result in compensatory hypertrophy? Pelvic kidney Horseshoe kidneys Bilateral renal agenesis Unilateral renal agenesis

Unilateral renal agenesis

The echogenic focus within the fetal stomach is considered: suspicious for Turner syndrome a consistent finding in Patau syndrome a precursor to meconium peritonitis a normal incidental finding

a normal incidental finding

Growth of the placenta into the superficial myometrium is termed placenta: increta previa accreta percreta

accreta

Multiple serpentine vascular structures within the myometrium in a patient complaining of abnormal bleeding following a recent dilation curettage procedure is most suspicious for which of the following abnormalities? adenomyosis endometriosis arteriovenous fístula Asherman syndrome

arteriovenous fístula

Hydronephrosis in utero is most commonly caused by an obstruction: in the urethra in the distal ureter at the bladder inlet at the ureteropelvic junction

at the ureteropelvic junction

The maternal side of the placenta is formed by the decidua: parietalis leave basalis frondosum

basalis

Ebstein anomaly is associated with a gastrointestinal anomaly cardiovascular anomaly genitourinary anomaly central nervous system anomaly

cardiovascular anomaly

Which portion of the gestational sac develops into the fetal side of the placenta? chorion frondosum chorion laeve chorion basalis chorion parietalis

chorion frondosum

The vascular projections arising from the chorion are termed: myxomatous tissue chorionic venules chorionic villi chorionic leave

chorionic villi

The etiology of this abnormality is typically: idiopathic Rh sensitivity autosomal recessive chromosomal

chromosomal

Which of the following planes demonstrate the normal fetal spine as three parallel hyperechoic lines on ultrasound? transverse coronal sagittal axial

coronal

A woman at 10 weeks gestation, presents for a sonographic evaluation of her pregnancy. Which of the following biometric measurements will provide the most accurate prediction of gestational age? mean sac diameter biparietal diameter crown rump length head circumference

crown rump length

During the first trimester, the length of the normal umbilical cord is equal to the: width of the gestational sac crown-rump length mean sac diameter gestational weeks

crown-rump length

A rapid increasing pelvic mass is most suspicious for a(n): leiomyoma cystadenoma endometrioma cystic teratoma

cystadenoma

The normal heart will fill approximately ___ of the fetal chest. one-fifth one half one-fourth one-third

one-third

This patient most likely presents with: painless vaginal bleeding severe pelvic pain mild pelvic pain abdominal cramping

painless vaginal bleeding

Placenta accreta can be ruled out by observing a normal: homogeneous echo pattern chorionic plate maternal urinary bladder retroplacental complex

retroplacental complex

Visualization of the fetal gallbladder signifies: the presence of a biliary tree the presence of the pancreas a normal fetal karyotype normal liver function

the presence of a biliary tree

Which of the following sonographic findings is not associated with placental insufficiency? thick placenta early grade 3 placenta placental neoplasm placental infarct

thick placenta

Which of the following is the formula for calculating circumference? (Dl + D2) X 1.57 (D 1 + D2) X 3 (Dl + D2) + 2 (D 1 X D2) + 2

(Dl + D2) X 1.57

Lateral ventricular enlargement becomes ventriculomegaly after the diameter exceeds: 6 mm 8 mm 10 mm 12 mm

10 mm

Sonographic findings associated with osteogenesis imperfecta may not be apparent before: 12 weeks' gestation 18 weeks' gestation 24 weeks' gestation 28 weeks' gestation

24 weeks' gestation

Choroid plexus cysts should normally regress by: 26 weeks 12 weeks 28 weeks 16 weeks

26 weeks

The lack of which dietary component correlates to an increased risk of central nervous system anomalies. 6 mg of Citric acid 4 mg of Vitamin B12 4 mg of Folic acid 6 mg of Vitamin D

4 mg of Folic acid

In the late second trimester, anterior - posterior diameter of the normal renal pelvis should not exceed: 1 mm 7 mm 10 mm 4 mm

4 mm

The measurement of the endometrium during the proliferative phase ranges from: 6 to 10 mm 8 to 12 mm 4 to 8 mm 1 to 2 mm

4 to 8 mm

Which one of the following statements about cleft lip and palate is false? A medial cleft lip is caused by an incomplete merging of the two medial nasal prominences in the midline. An oblique facial cleft is the failure of the maxillary prominence to merge with the lateral nasal swelling; the nasolacrimal duct is exposed. A complete bilateral cleft lip and palate is a small gap in the left upper lip on the modified coronal view; the nose is flattened and widened. A unilateral complete cleft lip and palate is an incomplete fusion of the maxillary prominence to the medial prominence on one side; the modified coronal view is used.

A complete bilateral cleft lip and palate is a small gap in the left upper lip on the modified coronal view; the nose is flattened and widened.

Eventration of the diaphragm is best described as: A lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm A defect in the posterolateral wall of the diaphragm Congenital absence of the diaphragm A defect in the anterior lateral wall of the diaphragm

A lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm

Which of the following fetal measurements is the most useful for fetal weight estimation? FL HC AC BPD

AC

The type of renal cystic disease associated with adult liver and pancreatic cysts is: ARPKD VATER ADPKD MCDK

ADPKD

A protein produced by the yolk sac and fetal liver that is found in excess in the maternal circulation in the presence of a neural tube defect is: Folate hCG Estriol AFP

AFP

Which of the following is associated with enlarged echogenic kidneys and microscopic renal cysts? Hydronephrotic syndrome ARPKD MCDK disease Obstructive cystic dysplasia

ARPKD

Which of the following is not a component of prune belly syndrome? Dilated urinary bladder and urethra Megacystis Undescended testis Abdominal muscle hypertrophy

Abdominal muscle hypertrophy

Acardiac twinning results from: Poor maternal nutrition Dizygotic gestations Abnormal links among the placental vessels Twin embolization syndrome

Abnormal links among the placental vessels

Achondroplasia is associated with all of the following except: Frontal bossing Flattened nasal bridge Trident hand Absent mineralization of the skull

Absent mineralization of the skull

Which of the following would typically not be associated with amenorrhea? Group of answer choices Asherman syndrome Polycystic ovarian disease Pregnancy Adenomyosis

Adenomyosis

When is the Crown Rump Length measurement no longer accurate? After 12 -13 weeks 12 - 13 weeks CRL can be used throughout the pregnancy Before 12 weeks

After 12 -13 weeks

Which of the following statement(s) are true regarding the yolk sac? Becomes a part of the primitive gut Hematopoiesis All choices are correct Providing nutrients

All choices are correct

Which of the following statements concerning Fetal Demise; Incomplete Abortion, Complete Abortion or Pregnancy Loss are true? May be asymptomatic ALWAYS has declining hCG levels May cause vaginal bleeding/spotting All choices are correct

All choices are correct

An omphalocele may contain: Fetal liver Ascites Fetal colon All of the above

All of the above

The absence of the eyes is termed: Agyria Epignathus Hypotelorism Anophthalmia

Anophthalmia

The congenital maldevelopment of the rectum and absence of anal opening is termed: Jejunal atresia Intussusception Anorectal atresia Duodenal atresia

Anorectal atresia

Which of the following would be least likely to be associated with an elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein? Pentalogy of Cantrell Anorectal atresia Gastroschisis Omphalocele

Anorectal atresia

Which of the following is considered to be the most common type of colonic atresia? Duodenal atresia Jejunal atresia Anorectal atresia Intussusception

Anorectal atresia?

The most common cause of hypertelorism is: Dandy-Walker malformation Anencephaly Anterior cephalocele Holoprosencephaly

Anterior cephalocele

What organ lies superior and anterior to the structure labeled A? Apex of the heart Left kidney Cord insert Adrenal gland

Apex of the heart

The group of fetal head and brain abnormalities that often coexists with spina bifida is referred to as: Dandy-Walker malformation Budd-Chiari syndrome Arnold-Chiari II malformation Amniotic band syndrome

Arnold-Chiari II malformation

What abnormality results in limitation of the fetal limbs as a result of joint contractures? Acromegaly Radial ray defect Achondrogenesis Arthrogryposis

Arthrogryposis

Inability to distinguish the endometrial cavity is a sonographic finding in: infertility tamoxifen therapy Asherman syndrome polycystic ovarian disease

Asherman syndrome

Which of the following is not associated with endometrial hyperplasia? Tamoxifen therapy Polycystic ovary syndrome Ovarian thecoma Asherman syndrome

Asherman syndrome

Macroglossia is most commonly found with: Anencephaly Holoprosencephaly Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome Cystic hygroma

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

The nuchal fold measurement is typically obtained: Before 12 weeks 6 days Between 11 weeks and 13 weeks 6 days Between 15 weeks and 21 weeks After 24 weeks

Between 15 weeks and 21 weeks

The mitral valve is located: Between the left atrium and the aorta Between the right ventricle and the right atrium Between the left ventricle and the left atrium Between the right atrium and the left atrium

Between the left ventricle and the left atrium

Which of the following would be most likely associated with oligohydramnios? Duodenal atresia Hepatomegaly Bilateral renal agenesis Physiologic bowel herniation

Bilateral renal agenesis

A large (> 18 mm) gestational sac with no structures visible indicates a? Ectopic pregnancy Blighted ovum Embryonic pregnancy Intrauterine pregnancy

Blighted ovum

A patient presents as small for gestational age with a known LMP 10 weeks ago. The sonographic exam reveals a gestational sac equivalent to a 6-week gestation. Select the most likely differential. Blighted ovum Miscarriage Incomplete abortion

Blighted ovum

Which term relates the number of placentas? Chorionicity Placentation Amnionicity Both A and B

Both A and B

A group of lethal skeletal dysplasias characterized by bowing of the long bones is which one of the following abnormalities? Diastrophic dysplasia Congenital hypophosphatasia Camptomelic dysplasia Postural anomalies

Camptomelic dysplasia

The ligament that houses the vasculature of the uterus is the: Group of answer choices Cardinal ligament Ovarian ligament Broad ligament Suspensory ligament of the ovary

Cardinal ligament

An absent sacrum and coccyx is referred to as: Sirenomelia Caudal regression syndrome Achondroplasia Radial ray defect

Caudal regression syndrome

The condition associated with the absence of the sacrum and coccyx: LBWC Caudal regression syndrome Thanatophoric dwarfism Heterozygous achondroplasia

Caudal regression syndrome

At what level is the nuchal fold measurement obtained? Cavum septum pellucidum Occipital horns of the lateral ventricle Brain stem Foramen magna

Cavum septum pellucidum

Close-set eyes and a nose with a single nostril is termed: Cebocephaly Cyclopia Ethmocephaly Epignathus

Cebocephaly

The dumbbell-shaped structure(s) inferior and posterior to the cerebrum is(are) the Third ventricle Cavum septum pellucidum Cerebellum Lateral ventricles Sylvian fissure

Cerebellum

The most malignant form of gestational trophoblastic disease is: Hydatidiform mole Choriocarcinoma Anembryonic Chorion frondosum

Choriocarcinoma

The fetal portion of the placenta is? Decidua basalis Decidua capsularis Decidua Vera Chorion frondosum

Chorion frondosum

Refer to the axial view of a fetal cranium above: The pound sign indicates the: Quadrigeminal cistern Third ventricle Cisterna magna Fourth ventricle Ambient cistern

Cisterna magna

OEIS complex is also referred to as: Bladder exstrophy Potter syndrome Cloacal exstrophy Omphalocele

Cloacal exstrophy

Talipes equinovarus is associated with: Clubfoot Syndactyly Rhizomelia Rockerbottom feet

Clubfoot

The abnormal lateral ventricle shape in which there is a small frontal horn and enlarged occipital horn is referred to as: Cebocephaly Banana sign Colpocephaly Cephalocele

Colpocephaly

The type of abortion where All products of conception are expelled is considered a? Inevitable Abortion Incomplete Abortion Missed Abortion Threatened Abortion Complete Abortion

Complete Abortion

Which one of the following anomalies is caused by an alkaline phosphatase deficiency? Achondrogenesis Congenital hypophosphatasia Diastrophic dysplasia Thanatophoric dysplasia

Congenital hypophosphatasia

Tamoxifen effects on the endometrium will sonographically appear as: Cystic changes within a thickened endometrium Cystic areas within a thin endometrium Thin endometrium No apparent effect on endometrial thickness or appearance

Cystic changes within a thickened endometrium

Which of the following does not occur as a result of menopause? Uterine atrophy Decreased sexual libido Accumulation of fat in the breasts Cystic enlargement of the ovaries

Cystic enlargement of the ovaries

A large, mostly cystic mass containing a thick, midline septation is noted in the cervical spine region of a fetus. This most likely represents a(n): Sacrococcygeal teratoma Cystic hygroma Cephalocele Anophthalmia

Cystic hygroma

All of the following are sonographic features of holoprosencephaly except: Cystic hygroma Proboscis with cyclopia Fused thalamus Monoventricle

Cystic hygroma

What is the most common neck mass in the fetus? Teratoma Brachial cleft cyst Cervical meningomyelocele Cystic hygroma

Cystic hygroma

The most common neck mass is which one of the following? Cystic hygroma colli Cervical meningomyelocele Hemangioma Goiter

Cystic hygroma colli

Which of the following would most likely lead to the development of endometrial adhesions? Endometrial carcinoma D&C Pregnancy Adenomyomatosis

D&C

The presence of a posterior fossa cyst and agenesis of the cerebellar vermis are characteristic findings of: arachnoid cyst holoprosencephaly Dandy-Walker malformation agenesis of the corpus callosum

Dandy-Walker malformation

The maternal portion of the placenta is? Decidua basalis Decidua capsularis Decidua parietalis Decidua Vera

Decidua basalis

All of the following are clinical or sonographic findings consistent with LBWC except: Ventral wall defects Decreased MSAFP Marked scoliosis Shortened umbilical cord

Decreased MSAFP

The maternal serum screening of a mother with a fetus with trisomy 18 will reveal: Group of answer choices Decreased human chorionic gonadotropin, elevated alpha-fetoprotein, and normal estriol Increased human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha-fetoprotein, and estriol Increased alpha-fetoprotein, increased human chorionic gonadotropin, and decreased estriol Decreased human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha-fetoprotein, and estriol

Decreased human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha-fetoprotein, and estriol

Choose the maternal cause for nonimmune fetal hydrops. Diabetes Neuroblastoma Horseshoe kidney Supraventricular tachycardia

Diabetes

Duodenal atresia is typically documented in one third of cases of: Eagle-Barrett syndrome fetal hydrops Down syndrome Edward syndrome

Down syndrome

Nuchal thickening is most commonly associated with: Patau syndrome Hydranencephaly Down syndrome Cebocephaly

Down syndrome

There is a definite link between microtia and what syndrome? Rays syndrome VACTERL syndrome Down syndrome Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

Down syndrome

Which of the following is also referred to as trisomy 21? Edwards syndrome Patau syndrome Meckel-Gruber syndrome Down syndrome

Down syndrome

Widened pelvic angles and duodenal atresia are most consistent with the sonographic markers for: Group of answer choices Triploidy Patau syndrome Down syndrome Edwards syndrome

Down syndrome

What is the fetal shunt that connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch? Ductus venosis Ductus arteriosis Foramen ovale Foramen of Bochdalek

Ductus arteriosis

Congenital maldevelopment of the proximal portion of the small intestine is termed: Duodenal atresia VACTERL syndrome Jejunal atresia Esophageal atresia

Duodenal atresia

Which of the following would be most likely associated with an excessive amount of amniotic fluid? Duodenal atresia Hepatomegaly Bilateral renal agenesis Physiologic bowel herniation

Duodenal atresia

Which of the following is the most common renal anomaly? Renal agenesis Horseshoe kidneys Duplex collecting system Pelvic kidneys

Duplex collecting system

What is the result of a lower sternum and anterior abdominal wall defect? Ectopia cordis Hypoplastic left heart Amniotic band syndrome Entropy of the bladder

Ectopia cordis

Asherman syndrome is associated with: Uterine leiomyoma Endometrial polyps Endometrial adhesions Ovarian fibroma

Endometrial adhesions

A 60-year-old patient presents to the emergency department with sudden onset of vaginal bleeding. The sonographic examination reveals an endometrium that measures 4 mm. There are no other significant sonographic findings. What is the most likely diagnosis? Endometrial atrophy Endometrial carcinoma Endometrial polyp Cervical stenosis

Endometrial atrophy

The "keyhole" sign describes the sonographic findings of a(n): Enlarged bladder and dilated urethra Bilateral renal agenesis Dilation of the renal pelvis and proximal ureter Unilateral renal agenesis

Enlarged bladder and dilated urethra

All of the following are associated with spina bifida except: Splaying of the laminae Enlarged posterior fossa Lemon sign Banana sign

Enlarged posterior fossa

An oral teratoma is referred to as: Macroglossia Epignathus Micrognathia Ethmocephaly

Epignathus

Only ruptures of ectopic pregnancies in the ampulla of the fallopian tube cause hemodynamic instability, loss of consciousness, hypotension, vertigo or hypovolemic shock True False

False

T/f An enlarged yolk sac greater than 7 mm and an embryo without a heartbeat is a DEFINITIVE sign of pregnancy failure

False

The parasitic twin in acardiac twinning is also referred to as the "pump twin." True False

False

All of the following are associated with a thin placenta except Group of answer choices Preeclampsia Intrauterine growth restriction Fetal hydrops Long-standing diabetes

Fetal hydrops

The finding of subcutaneous edema, ascites, a large spleen and liver, and a thick placenta raises suspicion for which process? Diaphragmatic hernia Fetal hydrops Down syndrome Ectopia cordis

Fetal hydrops

What organ(s) produces amniotic fluid after 12 weeks? Fetal liver and spleen Fetal intestines and lungs Fetal intestines and liver Fetal kidneys

Fetal kidneys

Identify the term describing a twin found within the abdomen of its sibling. Omphalopagus twinning Stage IV TTTS Fetus in fetu TRAP ablation

Fetus in fetu

GA (gestational age) of 12 weeks 4 days would be considered which trimester? Second trimester First trimester Third trimester Between the 1st and 2nd trimesters

First trimester

What is the maternal dietary supplement that has been shown to significantly reduce the likelihood of the fetus suffering from a neural tube defect? AFP Estriol Folate Pregnancy protein A

Folate

Which of the following structures is normally seen in the fetal thorax? Gallbladder Stomach Spleen Liver Heart

Heart

Blood accumulation within the uterus is termed: Hematometra Hydrometra Asherman syndrome Endometrial carcinoma

Hematometra

What is the anomaly of the spine in which there is absence of all or part of a vertebral body and posterior element? Kyphosis Scoliosis Kyphoscoliosis Hemivertebra

Hemivertebra

The most common abnormality of the fetal liver is: Gallstones Hepatocellular lymphadenopathy Cirrhosis Hepatomegaly

Hepatomegaly

Ovulation induction drugs not only increase the likelihood of multiple gestations, but also increase the likelihood of: Maternal diabetes Ovarian prolapse Heterotopic pregnancies Choriocarcinoma

Heterotopic pregnancies

Which of the following laboratory findings would not be consistent with trisomy 21? Group of answer choices High AFP Low estriol High hCG Low PAPP-A

High AFP

All of the following complications are associated with multiple gestations except: Preterm delivery High birth weight Maternal anemia Maternal preeclampsia

High birth weight

A functional bowel disorder within the fetus thatis caused by the absence of intestinal nerves is found in: Gastroschisis Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome Omphalocele Hirschsprung disease

Hirschsprung disease

Facial anomalies, when discovered, should prompt the sonographer to analyze the brain closely for signs of: Holoprosencephaly Dandy-Walker malformation Schizencephaly Hydranencephaly

Holoprosencephaly

Fusion of the lower poles of the kidneys describes: Meckel-Gruber syndrome Renal agenesis Moiety Horseshoe kidneys

Horseshoe kidneys

Which of the following is true regarding the sonographic diagnosis of IUGR? IUGR is best identified and monitored by performing serial examinations sonographic diagnosis of IUGR is straight forward sonographic findings for SGA and IUGR are easily differentiated there is nothing that can be done to help a fetus with IUGR, so identification is not important

IUGR is best identified and monitored by performing serial examinations

An 18-year-old presents to the emergency department with complaints of profuse bleeding with a positive home pregnancy test. The clinical exam reveals a dilated cervix. View the image and choose the differential that fits the patient symptoms and sonographic findings. Anembryonic pregnancy Complete hydatidiform mole Impending abortion Subchorionic hemorrhage

Impending abortion

The "I" in OEIS complex stands for: Irregular bladder enlargement Imperforate anus Ilial dysfunction Iniencephaly

Imperforate anus

The type of abortion where there is Vaginal bleeding with dilated cervix ( no mucous plug) and low-lying gestational sac is considered a? Complete Abortion Incomplete Abortion Missed Abortion Inevitable Abortion Threatened Abortion

Inevitable Abortion

Tetralogy of Fallot consists of all of the following except: Pulmonary stenosis Left ventricular hypertrophy Overriding aortic root VSD

Left ventricular hypertrophy

Fetal stool is termed: Plicae Meconium Laguna Lanugo

Meconium

Which of the following is the spontaneous failure and expulsion of an early pregnancy? Miscarriage Missed abortion Abortion Inevitable abortion

Miscarriage

The most common form of monozygotic twins is: Monochorionic diamniotic Dichorionic monoamniotic Monochorionic monoamniotic None of the above

Monochorionic diamniotic

Twins having one placenta and one amniotic sac are referred to as: Dichorionic monoamniotic Dichorionic diamniotic Monochorionic diamniotic Monochorionic monoamniotic

Monochorionic monoamniotic

All of the following are true about ectopic pregnancies EXCEPT? Most ectopic pregnancies are asymptomatic with NO pelvic pain Free Fluid escaping from the open fimbria is seen in the pelvic cavity AND possibly Morrison's pouch Adnexal mass - often has a 'ring of fire' around it 71% of the time a Pseudogestational Sac (centrally located sac with NO double decidual sign) is seen within the endometrium

Most ectopic pregnancies are asymptomatic with NO pelvic pain

All of the following are characteristic sonographic findings of achondrogenesis except: Micromelia Absent mineralization of the pelvis Multiple dislocated joints Polyhydramnios

Multiple dislocated joints

Cleft lip with or without cleft palate is seen more frequently in which one of the following groups? Caucasians African Americans Asians Native Americans

Native Americans

The most common location of a cystic hygroma is within the: Axilla Neck Chest Groin

Neck

All of the following are characteristics of spina bifida cystica except: Banana sign Lemon sign Enlarged massa intermedia Normal MSAFP

Normal MSAFP

All of the following are associated with omphalocele except: Elevated MSAFP Multiple chromosomal abnormalities Periumbilical mass Normal cord insertion

Normal cord insertion

A congenital condition characterized by a disorder of collagen production is which one of the following? Achondroplasia Osteogenesis imperfecta Achondrogenesis Thanatophoric dysplasia

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Which one of the following diagnoses is most likely when multiple fractures and a compressible calvarium are identified? Achondrogenesis Achondroplasia Osteogenesis imperfecta Thanatophoric dysplasia

Osteogenesis imperfecta

The herniation of the bowel into the base of the umbilical cord before 12 weeks is termed: Gastroschisis Omphalocele Hernia umbilicus Physiologic herniation

Physiologic herniation

The most common cause of painless vaginal bleeding in the second and third trimesters is Placental abruption Ectopic pregnancy Trauma Placenta previa Incompetent cervix

Placenta previa

The accumulation of fluid around the lungs is termed: Peripleural fluid Ascites Extracorporeal effusion Pleural effusion

Pleural effusion

The sonographic "bat-wing" sign is indicative of: Pulmonary atresia Pleural effusion Endocardial cushion defects Pericardial effusion

Pleural effusion

An excessive amount of amniotic fluid is termed: Polyhydramnios Oligohydramnios Esophageal atresia Amniotic fluid index

Polyhydramnios

Factors that increase the likelihood of having multiple gestations include all of the following except: Advanced maternal age Ovulation induction drugs Poor nutritional state Maternal predisposition for twins

Poor nutritional state

Which of the following would increase the likelihood of a fetus developing sirenomelia and caudal regression syndrome? Previous cesarean section Preexisting maternal diabetes Previous ectopic pregnancy Elevated human chorionic gonadotropin

Preexisting maternal diabetes

Craniosynostosis may be defined as which one of the following? Wide cranial sutures Overlapping cranial sutures Protrusion of the meninges outside the sutures Premature closure of the cranial sutures

Premature closure of the cranial sutures

The "lying down" adrenal sign describes the sonographic findings of: MCDK disease Posterior urethral valves Renal agenesis Enlarged bladder and urethra

Renal agenesis

A patient is Referred for her first obstetric sonogram in the third trimester. The sonogram confirmed the clinician's suspicion that she was small for gestational age. Which of the following conditions could not be responsible for causing the low fundal height on exam? Retroverted uterus Maternal hypertension Premature rupture of membranes Fetal renal anomaly Chromosomal anomaly

Retroverted uterus

Which one of the following terms describes a shortening of the proximal portion of the extremity? Hemimelia Mesomelia Micromelia Rhizomelia

Rhizomelia

At 7 weeks gestation the first anechoic cystic structure can be seen in the fetal brain called. Mesencephalon Encephalon Rhombencephalon Prosencephalon

Rhombencephalon

According to the ALARA principle which thermal index setting should be used prior to 10 weeks gestation? TIS TIB MI TIC

TIS

Which term describes an abnormally fast heart rate? Tachycardia Dysrhythmia Bradycardia Triploidy

Tachycardia

What anatomic landmarks help determine the correct level to measure the HC? Thalamus, falx, cavum septum pellucidum 3rd ventricle, thalamus, cerebellum Peduncles, cisterna magna, ventricles Cerebrum, parietal bones, medulla oblongata

Thalamus, falx, cavum septum pellucidum

Which statement is true concerning fetal outflow tracts? The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned anterior to the aorta and should be visualized crossing over it. The left ventricular outflow tract leads to the pulmonary artery. The right ventricular outflow tract leads to the aorta. The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned posterior to the aorta and should be visualized passing under it.

The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned anterior to the aorta and should be visualized crossing over it.

An abnormal pregnancy is suspicious when? Then yolk sac is larger than 6 mm There is a fetal pole in the yolk sac The yolk sac is misshapen or smaller than 3 mm

The yolk sac is misshapen or smaller than 3 mm

The ovarian cyst associated with gestational trophoblastic disease is the: Group of answer choices Corpus luteum cyst Theca lutein cyst Dermoid cyst Parovarian cyst

Theca lutein cyst

Which one of the following statements about neck teratomas is incorrect? They are usually unilateral. They may demonstrate a complex appearance. They are usually located posteriorly. Color Doppler may be helpful in diagnosis.

They are usually located posteriorly.

All of the following are clinical findings with endometrial hyperplasia except: Obesity Polycystic ovary syndrome Abnormal uterine bleeding Thickened endometrium

Thickened endometrium

Twins having two placentas and one amniotic sac are referred to as: Monochorionic diamniotic Monoamniotic dichorionic Dichorionic monoamniotic This does not occur

This does not occur

The type of abortion where there is vaginal bleeding before 20 weeks with closed cervix (mucous plug still intact) and low fetal heart rate -less than 90 beats per minute is considered a? Incomplete Abortion Missed Abortion Inevitable Abortion Threatened Abortion Complete Abortion

Threatened Abortion

An increased nuchal fold is most likely associated with: Dandy-Walker syndrome Trisomy 21 Trisomy 3 Nuchal cord

Trisomy 21

Identify the chromosomal malformation associated with duodenal atresia. Trisomy 21 Monosomy XO Edward syndrome Metatrophic dwarfism

Trisomy 21

Most often, _____ is associated with duodenal atresia. Trisomy 21 Trisomy 18 Trisomy 13 Triploidy

Trisomy 21

Which of the following are fetal rhabdomyomas associated with: Tracheoesophageal fistulas Tuberous sclerosis Eventration of the diaphragm Tuberculosis

Tuberous sclerosis

All of the following are associated with duodenal atresia except: Esophageal atresia Trisomy 21 Turner syndrome VACTERL syndrome

Turner syndrome

Nonimmune hydrops and ovarian dysgenesis are found in fetuses affected by: Group of answer choices Trisomy 21 Trisomy 18 Trisomy 13 Turner syndrome

Turner syndrome

Which of following would most likely involve the development of a cystic hygroma? Beckwith-Weidemann syndrome Hydranencephaly Turner syndrome Klinefelter syndrome

Turner syndrome

The demise of a twin during the second or third trimester can lead to: Twin-twin transfusion syndrome Twin embolization syndrome Twin peak sign Acardiac twinning

Twin embolization syndrome

When is the failure to visualize the yolk sac suspicious for an abnormal pregnancy? When the MSD is 6 mm When the MSD is 12 mm by TV When the embryo is 1 cm When the embryo is 2 cm

When the MSD is 12 mm by TV

What structure lies within the extraembryonic coelom? Gestational sac Embryo Yolk sac Amnion

Yolk sac

A patient with an ovarian mass presents with an elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein. Which of the following would be the most likely? Group of answer choices Ovarian fibroma Ovarian thecoma Cystic teratoma Yolk sac tumor

Yolk sac tumor

Coiling of the umbilical cord is associated with: a short cord a normal fetus a long cord chromosomal abnormalities

a normal fetus

Which of the following describes an abnormal umbilical artery Doppler waveform finding associated with fetal hypoxia? continuous flow during diastole low resistance waveform high systolic and diastolic flow absent or reversed diastolic flow

absent or reversed diastolic flow

The umbilical cord is covered by which of the following? meconium amnion chorion Wharton jelly

amnion

Herniated contents of an omphalocele are covered by a membrane consisting of: chorion and amnion amnion and peritoneum Wharton jelly and amnion peritoneum and Wharton jelly

amnion and peritoneum

Which of the following statements is true of the biophysical profile assessment? BPP should be offered routinely to all patients during the third trimester umbilical artery Doppler evaluation is part of the assessment fetal breathing movements should be apparent after 20 weeks gestation amniotic fluid volume is a component of the assessment

amniotic fluid volume is a component of the assessment

Polycystic ovarian disease can result from: high levels of hCG unopposed estrogen an endocrine imbalance follicular hyperstimulation

an endocrine imbalance

The finding in this sonogram of an asymptomatic patient receiving antiestrogen therapy is most suspicious for: a leiomyoma adenomyosis Asherman syndrome an endometrial polyp

an endometrial polyp

An eccentric insertion of the umbilical cord into the placenta is termed a: vasa previa circumvallate placenta velamentous cord battledore placenta

battledore placenta

Insertion of the umbilical cord into the end margin of the placenta is termed a: battledore placenta circumvallate placenta velamentous placenta membranous placenta

battledore placenta

At what gestational age is the BPD considered the most accurate? any time before 34 weeks between 6 and II weeks any time after 9 weeks between 11 and 20 weeks

between 11 and 20 weeks

Which of the following measurements is most widely used when determining gestational age in the second trimester? biparietal diameter abdominal circumference long bone length cerebellar dimension

biparietal diameter

Which of the following conditions is most likely to demonstrate a small placenta? chromosomal anomalies maternal anemia maternal diabetes Rh sensitivity

chromosomal anomalies

A woman presents at 36 weeks gestation for sonographic evaluation of fetal growth. After obtaining all the appropriate measurements, the fetal size is established to be in the 8'' percentile for fetal age. Which of the following conditions would support the diagnosis of IUGR? a high resistive MCA waveform polyhydramnios a low resistive umbilical artery waveform chronic maternal hypertension

chronic maternal hypertension

Which of the following describes a condition where the chorionic plate of the placenta is smaller than the basal plate? succenturiate placenta circumvallate placenta battledore placenta vasa previa

circumvallate placenta

Which placenta most likely demonstrates an overall abnormal contour? succenturiate placenta velamentous placenta battledore placenta circumvallate placenta

circumvallate placenta

An ill-defined, multilocular, complex ovarian mass is most suspicious for: cystadenoma theca lutein cysts cystadenocarcinoma granulosa cell tumor

cystadenocarcinoma

This sagittal image of a second-trimester fetus is most suspicious for which of the following pathologies? pericardial effusion diaphragmatic hernia loculated pleural effusions cystic adenomatoid malformation

cystic adenomatoid malformation

Which of the following is the most common fetal neck mass? goiter hemangioma cystic hygroma myelomeningocele

cystic hygroma

Which of the following ovarian abnormalities may contain skin and hair? dysgerminoma cystic teratoma granulosa cell tumor mucinous cystadenoma

cystic teratoma

Which of the following maternal conditions is associated with fetal macrosomia? smoking diabetes alcoholism hypertension

diabetes

Caudal regression syndrome is more commonly found in patients with: hypertension proteinuria systemic lupus diabetes mellitus

diabetes mellitus

Maternal causes for this abnormality include: previous cesarean section hypertension diabetes mellitus previous therapeutic abortions

diabetes mellitus

patient presents with a history of an intramural leiomyoma. An intramural leiomyoma: alters the perimetrium distorts the endometrium distorts the myometrium extends into the endometrium

distorts the myometrium

A cephalic index of 60% indicates a head shape that is: round dolichocephalic brachycephalic normal

dolichocephalic

Which of the following is not a fetal cardiac shunt? ductus venosus foramen ovale ductus arteriosus foramen Monro

foramen Monro

Which of the following shunts blood between the atria of the fetal heart? ductus arteriosis foramen ovale foramen Monro ductus venosus

foramen ovale

The bridge of the nose originates from the ____________ prominence. frontal medial nasal maxillary optic

frontal

The arrow identifies which of the following structures? umbilical vein hydroureter right portal vein gallbladder

gallbladder

Opening in the layers of the abdominal wall with evisceration of the bowel describes which of the following abnormalities: gastroschisis omphalocele umbilical hernia intussusception

gastroschisis

Differential considerations for cystic hygroma include all of the following except: goiter. nuchal edema. brachial cleft cyst. thyroglossal duct cyst.

goiter

The cervical canal extends from the: external os to the uterus internal os to the vagina internal os to the uterus external os to the vagina

internal os to the uterus

The most common location for a uterine leiomyoma to develop is: serosal subserosal intramural submucosal

intramural

Placentomalacia may result from which of the following conditions? intrauterine growth restriction Rh sensitivity maternal anemia twin-twin transfusion syndrome

intrauterine growth restriction

Which of the following is not a fetal anatomical landmark for obtaining an abdominal circumference? umbilical portion of the left portal vein kidneys stomach spine

kidneys

Which portion of the fetal heart is located closest to the spine? left atrium right atrium right ventricle left ventricle

left atrium

A patient presents with a history of postmenopausal bleeding. A heterogeneous intrauterine mass is identified on sonography. On the basis of the clinical history, the sonographic findings are most suspicious for: adenomyosis endometrioma leiomyosarcoma endometrial hyperplasia

leiomyosarcoma

Which of the following patient positions is preferred for translabial imaging? decubitus Trendelenburg supine lithotomy

lithotomy

Abdominal circumference is measured at the level of the: liver spleen kidneys umbilical cord insertion

liver

Which of the following is the non-sonographic component of a biophysical profile assessment? fetal breathing movements non-stress test assessment of fetal tone assessment of gross fetal body movement

non-stress test

This sagittal image of the lower spine is most suspicious for: spina bifida umbilical cord cystic hygroma caudal regression

spina bifida

A crescent-shaped appearance to the cerebellum should signal the sonographer to give additional attention to which of the following fetal structures? heart lungs spine abdominal wall

spine

Which of the following is the most common placental location for deposits of fibrin to collect? basal plate subchorionic within a placental lake within the retroplacental complex

subchorionic

An asymptomatic patient presents with a history of an enlarged uterus. Based on this clinical history, the demonstrated pathology most likely represents a(n): endometrioma subserosal fibroids intramural fibroids submucosal fibroids

subserosal fibroids

A small cluster of ovarian cysts is a common sonographic finding associated with: theca lutein cysts cystadenocarcinoma surface epithelial cysts polycystic ovarian disease

surface epithelial cysts

On an intracranial examination of the fetus, the cisterna magna should NOT measure more than 20 mm 15 mm 10 mm 25 mm 1 mm

10 mm

The fetal heart is fully formed by: 8 weeks 4 weeks 10 weeks 2 weeks

10 weeks

The optimal gestational age for measuring the nuchal translucency is _______ weeks. 10 through 12 11 through 13 14 through 16 18 through 20

11 through 13

When will the spine be detectable in most fetuses? 8 weeks 10 weeks 12 weeks 6 weeks

12 weeks

Using the Jeanty table, what is the BPD measurement range for a 15-week fetus? 18 to 21 mm 10.9 to 13.3 mm 2.2 to 2.5 cm 2.6 to 2.9 cm

2.2 to 2.5 cm

Which one of the following conditions is caused by cartilage abnormalities that result in abnormal bone formation and hypomineralization? Osteogenesis imperfecta Thanatophoric dysplasia Hypophosphatasia Achondrogenesis

Achondrogenesis

A disorder that results in abnormal bone growth and dwarfism is: Osteogenesis imperfecta Achondroplasia Radial ray defect Caudal regression syndrome

Achondroplasia

The most common nonlethal skeletal dysplasia is: Achondrogenesis Achondroplasia Thanatophoric dysplasia Osteogenesis imperfecta

Achondroplasia

Which one of the following nonlethal skeletal dysplasias is most common? Achondroplasia Achondrogenesis Diastrophic dysplasia Short-rib polydactyly syndrome

Achondroplasia

The artifact seen posterior to solid structures such as fetal bone is referred to as: Acoustic shadowing Posterior enhancement Reverberation artifact Edge artifact

Acoustic shadowing

Ectopic endometrial tissue within the uterus that leads to abnormal uterine bleeding is termed: Group of answer choices Endometriosis Adenomyosis Fibroids Endometrial hyperplasia

Adenomyosis

Which protein in not produced by the developing placenta? Alpha-fetoprotein Human chorionic gonadotropin Estriol Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A

Alpha-fetoprotein

Identify the inner layer of the amniotic membranes. Chorion Amnion Dichorionic Diamniotic

Amnion

Which term relates the number of amniotic sacs? Chorionicity Placentation Amnionicity Both A and B

Amnionicity

A group of abnormalities associated with the entrapment of fetal parts and fetal amputations is: Cystic hygroma Edwards syndrome Ethmocephaly Amniotic band syndrome

Amniotic band syndrome

Which of the following is a benign congenital neck cysts found most often near the angle of the mandible? Epignathus Branchial cleft cyst Thyroglossal duct cyst Fetal goiter

Branchial cleft cyst

Select the term describing an oocyte without maternal chromosomes resulting in proliferation of swollen chorionic villi and the absence of identifiable embryonic structures. Complete hydatidiform mole Molar pregnancy Hydatidiform mole Partial hydatidiform mole

Complete hydatidiform mole

All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with adenomyosis except: Group of answer choices Diffuse, enlarged uterus Myometrial cysts Hypoechoic areas adjacent to the endometrium Complex adnexal mass

Complex adnexal mass

A monozygotic twin that splits after 13 days of fertilization will be. Dichorionic and diamniotic twins Monochorionic and diamniotic twins Conjoined twins Monochorionic and monoamniotic twins

Conjoined twins

After the corpus luteum has regressed, which structure remains? Group of answer choices Theca luteal cyst Corpus luteum of pregnancy Corpus albicans Cumulus oophorus

Corpus albicans

The temporary endocrine gland that results from the rupture of the graafian follicle is the: Corpus albicans Corpus luteum Cumulus oophorus Trophoblastic cells

Corpus luteum

The structure noted within the graafian follicle containing the developing ovum is the: Group of answer choices Corpus luteum Corpus albicans Cumulus oophorus Theca internal cells

Cumulus oophorus

The removal of tissue from the endometrium by scraping is termed: Dilatation Curettage Sonohysterography Hysteroscopy

Curettage

The term that indicates the presence of two separate amniotic sacs is Dichorionic Bichorionic Monoamniotic Diamniotic

Diamniotic

The visualization of the fetal stomach within the fetal chest is most indicative of: Diaphragmatic hernia Pulmonary sequestration CAM Turner syndrome

Diaphragmatic hernia

Which one of the following anomalies is associated with micromelia and a "hitchhiker thumb"? Diastrophic dysplasia Ellis-van Creveld syndrome Roberts syndrome Tar syndrome

Diastrophic dysplasia

The term that indicates the presence of two separate placentas is: Dichorionic Bichorionic Monoamniotic Diamniotic

Dichorionic

A monozygotic twin that splits between 1 and 3 days of fertilization will be? Dichorionic and diamniotic twins Monochorionic and diamniotic twins Monochorionic and monoamniotic twins Conjoined twins

Dichorionic and diamniotic twins

In which type of twining is the 'Lambda' sign seen Monochorionic and diamniotic twins Monochorionic and monoamniotic twins Conjoined twins Dichorionic and diamniotic twins

Dichorionic and diamniotic twins

What type of placentation occurs with division of the monozygotic twinning at day 3? Monochorionic/diamniotic Monochorionic/monoamniotic Dichorionic/monoamniotic Dichorionic/diamniotic

Dichorionic/diamniotic

Which type of placentation is seen with dizygotic twins? Monochorionic/diamniotic Monochorionic/monoamniotic Dichorionic/monoamniotic Dichorionic/diamniotic

Dichorionic/diamniotic

The sonographic findings of an endometrial polyp may include: Diffuse thickening of the endometrium Menometrorrhagia Intermenstrual bleeding Infertility

Diffuse thickening of the endometrium

Fertilization of TWO Ova by TWO sperm 'fraternal twins' is considered? Monoamniotic twins Dizygotic twins Monochorionic diamniotic twins Monozygotic twins

Dizygotic twins

In the first trimester, normal hCG levels will: Double every 48 hrs Triple every 24 hrs Double every 24th Double every 12hrs

Double every 48 hrs

The condition in which the heart is located outside the chest wall is termed: Ectopic cordis Coarctation of the heart CAM Cardiac sequestration

Ectopic cordis

A complex or solid adnexal mass that 'slides' along with the ovary is most likely an? Corpus luteum Ectopic pregnancy Intraovarian mass

Ectopic pregnancy

Which one of the following anomalies is associated with the Amish community? Congenital hypophosphatasia Ellis-van Creveld syndrome Holt-Oram syndrome Roberts syndrome

Ellis-van Creveld syndrome

Cloacal exstrophy is associated with all of the following except: Spina bifida Imperforate anus Omphalocele Encephalocele

Encephalocele

Unopposed estrogen therapy has been shown to increase the risk for developing: Alzheimer disease Colon cancer Coronary heart disease Endometrial carcinoma

Endometrial carcinoma

A 67-year-old patient on HRT presents to the sonography department with abnormal uterine bleeding. Sonographically, the endometrium is diffusely thickened, contains small cystic areas, and measures 9 mm in thickness. The most likely cause of her bleeding is: Endometrial atrophy Asherman syndrome Endometrial thecoma Endometrial hyperplasia

Endometrial hyperplasia

What is the opening located right anteromedially within the diaphragm? Foramen of Bochdalek Foramen ovale Foramen of Monro Foramen of Morgagni

Foramen of Morgagni

What is the normal opening in the lower middle third of the atrial septum? Foramen of Magendie Foramen ovale Foramen of Monro Ductus arteriosus

Foramen ovale

Which of the following structures is not identified in the biparietal diameter? falx cerebri cavum septum pellucidi Fourth ventricle thalami nuclei

Fourth ventricle

Which of the following is considered an Impending or suspicious sign for pregnancy failure in a fetus found with a heartbeat? MSD minus CRL > 5 mm Small Hematoma behind the gestational sac GA 7 weeks; CRL 5 -9 mm HR < 100 bpm Subchorionic hemorrhage volume measures < 60 mL

GA 7 weeks; CRL 5 -9 mm HR < 100 bpm

Evidence of polyhydramnios should warrant a careful investigation of the fetal: Genitourinary system Gastrointestinal system Extremities Cerebrovascular system

Gastrointestinal system

All of the following are sonographic features of pentalogy of Cantrell except: Gastroschisis Cleft sternum Omphalocele Diaphragmatic defect

Gastroschisis

Pentalogy of Cantrell includes all of the following findings except: Cardiovascular malformations Diaphragmatic malformations Gastroschisis Omphalocele

Gastroschisis

Pentalogy of Cantrell includes all of the following findings except: Cardiovascular malformations Diaphragmatic malformations Omphalocele Gastroschisis

Gastroschisis

After an initial sonogram at 18 weeks, which of the following placental positions is an indication for a follow-up sonogram later in pregnancy? Posterior, low placenta with a full bladder Partial placenta previa with a full Marginal placenta previa with an empty bladder Left lateral placenta with a full bladder Anterior, high placenta with an empty bladder

Marginal placenta previa with an empty bladder

Which of the following laboratory values would be significant in the detection of an abdominal wall defect? Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein Human chorionic gonadotropin Maternal serum amylase Estradiol

Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein

The syndrome associated with an occipital cephalocele, cystic renal disease, and polydactyly is: Potter syndrome Meckel-Gruber syndrome VACTERL association Sirenomelia syndrome

Meckel-Gruber syndrome

An omphalocele is associated with all of the following except: Pentalogy of Cantrell Trisomy 18 Patau syndrome Meconium aspiration syndrome

Meconium aspiration syndrome

Cessation of menstruation with advanced age is termed: Asherman disease Premenopausal syndrome Perimenopausal syndrome Menopause

Menopause

Mothers with pre-gestational diabetes, as opposed to gestational diabetes, have an increased risk of a fetus with: Neural tube defects Proteinuria TORCH DES

Neural tube defects

The most common malignant adrenal pediatric tumor is the: Pheochromocytoma Hepatoblastoma Neuroblastoma Nephroblastoma

Neuroblastoma

A diagnosis of talipes may be made with which one of the following characteristics? Persistent inversion of the foot Persistent abnormal inversion of the foot parallel to the lower leg Persistent abnormal inversion of the foot perpendicular to the lower leg Persistent abnormal inversion of the lower leg

Persistent abnormal inversion of the foot perpendicular to the lower leg

Absent long bones with the hands and feet arising from the shoulders and hips describes: Micromelia Mesomelia Phocomelia Arthrogryposis

Phocomelia

Which of the following would most likely be associated with hirsutism? Group of answer choices Polycystic ovarian syndrome Meigs syndrome Adenomyosis Adenomyomatosis

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

Having more than the normal number of digits is: Polydactyly Clinodactyly Sirenomelia Multidigitopia

Polydactyly

What is the term for the structure formed by the thickening of the 3 germ layers? Rhombencephalon Amniotic sac Primitive streak Neural tube

Primitive streak

The corpus luteum primarily releases: Group of answer choices Estrogen Progesterone Luteinizing hormone Follicle-stimulating hormone

Progesterone

The forebrain is called. Prosencephalon Mesencephalon Rhombencephalon Encephalon

Prosencephalon

What is described as the absence of the pulmonary valve, which in turn prohibits blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and essentially to the lungs? Pulmonary stenosis Pulmonary atresia Pulmonary sequestration Pulmonary effusion

Pulmonary atresia

A separate mass of nonfunctioning fetal lung tissue is referred to as: Bat wing sign Pulmonary sequestration Pulmonary adenomatoid malformation CAM

Pulmonary sequestration

The "lying down" adrenal sign would be seen in all of the following situations except: Pyelectesis Unilateral renal agenesis Bilateral renal agenesis Potter syndrome

Pyelectesis

Absence of the radius is referred to as: Talipes equinovarus Clubfoot Radial ray defect Phocomelia

Radial ray defect

The twin that will appear larger in twin-twin transfusion syndrome is the: Donor Recipient Both will be the same Both will be demised

Recipient

Failure of the kidneys to form is called: Hydronephrosis Renal agenesis Renal ectopia Renal dysplasia

Renal agenesis

The development of fluid-filled cleft within the cerebrum is consistent with: Group of answer choices Holoprosencephaly Lissencephaly Schizencephaly Hydranencephaly

Schizencephaly

The abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is referred to as: Group of answer choices Kyphosis Scoliosis Splaying Achondroplasia

Scoliosis

A lethal skeletal dysplasia characterized by short ribs, short limbs, and polydactyly is which one of the following? Hypophosphatasia Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita Short-rib polydactyly Camptomelic dysplasia

Short-rib polydactyly

Fusion of the lower extremities is associated with which one of the following? Sirenomelia Hypophosphatasia Osteogenesis imperfecta Thanatophoric dysplasia

Sirenomelia

Which of the following is a true statement about the fetal heart? The normal fetal heart will fill approximately two-third of the fetal chest. The chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium. The apex of the heart is the portion closest to the spine. The apex of the heart will be angled to the right of the midline.

The chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium.

Which one of the following statements about the facial profile is incorrect? The facial profile appears as a curvilinear surface with a differentiation of the forehead, nose, lips, and chin. The facial profile demonstrates a cloverleaf skull shape. The facial profile has frontal bossing, which is described as a lemon-shaped skull or an absent depressed nasal bridge. The facial profile has a strawberry-shaped cranium, which is described as a bulging of the occipital bones.

The facial profile has a strawberry-shaped cranium, which is described as a bulging of the occipital bones.

Leiomyosarcoma of the uterus denotes: The benign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium The ectopic location of endometrial tissue in the adnexa The malignant counterpart of a fibroid An anechoic, simple cyst located within the cervix

The malignant counterpart of a fibroid

Which one of the following statements about the fetal face is false? The fetal profile is well imaged with transvaginal sonography beginning late in the first trimester to early in the second trimester. The modified coronal view is best to image a cleft lip and palate. The maxilla and orbits are well imaged in a true sagittal plane. The longitudinal view demonstrates the nasal bones, soft tissue, and mandible.

The maxilla and orbits are well imaged in a true sagittal plane.

The shunting of blood from one twin to the other is termed: Group of answer choices Twin-twin transfusion syndrome Twin embolization syndrome Twin peak sign Conjoined twins

Twin-twin transfusion syndrome

Cavum septum pellucidi is located in the: anterior portion of the fetal chest posterior portion of the fetal chest anterior portion of the fetal brain posterior portion of the fetal brain

anterior portion of the fetal brain

This abnormality is located on the: anterior surface of a retroverted uterus posterior surface of a retroverted uterus anterior surface of a retroflexed uterus posterior surface of an anteverted uterus

anterior surface of a retroverted uterus

The location of an umbilical vein varix is most frequently within the: umbilical cord fetal abdomen placenta fetal liver

fetal abdomen

Amniotic band syndrome may result in: fetal amputation placenta accreta an acardiac twin polyhydramnios

fetal amputation

A diagnosis of clubfoot may be made with persistent abnormal inversion of the: foot ankle foot parallel to the lower leg foot perpendicular to the lower leg

foot perpendicular to the lower leg

Opening in the layers of the abdominal wall with evisceration of the bowel describes which of the following abnormalities: gastroschisis umbilical hernia omphalocele intussusception

gastroschisis

Abnormal accumulation of blood within the vagina is termed: hydrometra hematometra hydrocolpos hematocolpos

hematocolpos

VACTERL is associated with: maternal hypertension Trisomy 21 Pentalogy of Cantrell maternal diabetes

maternal diabetes?

Which of the following describes a prolapsed umbilical cord? the cord completely surrounds the fetal neck with one loop focal dilatation of an umbilical vessel the cord precedes the fetus in the birthing process the intramembranous vessels of the fetus precede the fetus

the cord precedes the fetus in the birthing process

In the transverse plane, the normal fetal spine appears on ultrasound as: three equidistant ossification centers surrounding the spinal canal three parallel ossification centers surrounding the neural canal three parallel hyperechoic lines surrounding the neural canal two ossification centers lateral to the spinal canal

three equidistant ossification centers surrounding the spinal canal

A true nuchal cord is defined as: two or more complete loops of the umbilical cord near the fetal neck two or more complete loops of the umbilical cord around the fetal neck one complete loop of the umbilical cord around the fetal neck thickening of the nuchal fold coexisting with one complete loop of the umbilical cord around the fetal neck

two or more complete loops of the umbilical cord around the fetal neck

Identification of arterial flow on each side of the fetal bladder verifies which of the following? normal aortic bifurcation duplicated hypogastric arteries normal femoral arteries two umbilical arteries

two umbilical arteries

The normal length of the cervical os will vary, but it measures a minimum of: 2.0 cm 3.0 cm 2.5 cm 3.5 cm

2.5 cm

The sonographic features of achondroplasia may not be evident until after _____ weeks' gestation. 18 20 22 24

22

Fertilization typically occurs within ____ after ovulation. Group of answer choices 40 hours 12 hours 24 hours 56 hours

24 hours

What term is defined as fusion of the digits? Clinodactyly Polydactyly Syndactyly Rhizodactyly

Syndactyly

Which of the following is associated with a nuchal cord? short cord long cord velamentous cord true knots of the cord

long cord

Placement of the placental margin within 2 cm of the internal cervical os is termed: circumvallate placenta succenturiate placenta low-lying placenta marginal placenta previa

low-lying placenta

When does the blastocyst mass usually attaches to the endometrium? 6 days after fertilization 10 days after fertilization 4 days after fertilization 8 days after fertilization

6 days after fertilization

The implantation window refers to the time frame? 4 days after ovulation and lasts 6 -8 days 6 -8 days before ovulation and lasts 3 days 6 to 8 days after ovulation and lasts 4 days 4 days before ovulation and lasts 4 days

6 to 8 days after ovulation and lasts 4 days

Congenital anomalies of the face occur in 1 in ______ births. 2000 1500 600 1200

600

What measurement should the renal pelvis not exceed prior to 20 weeks' gestation? 7 mm 2 mm 10 mm 1.2 cm

7 mm

Precocious puberty is defined as the development of pubic hair, breasts, and the genitals before the age of: Group of answer choices 13 8 5

8

An asymptomatic 65-year-old patient presents to the sonography department with pelvic pain but no vaginal bleeding. Her endometrial thickness should not exceed: 6 mm 8 mm 5 mm 3 mm

8 mm

What is a normal NT (nuchal translucency) measurement? < 3 mm > 6 mm < 6 mm > 3 mm

< 3 mm

The disorder associated with fetal amputations is: Achondroplasia Osteogenesis imperfecta Thanatophoric dysplasia Amniotic band syndrome

Amniotic band syndrome

The longest and most tortuous segment of the fallopian tube is the: Fimbria Ampulla Isthmus Interstitial

Ampulla

A cystic hygroma is the result of: Alcohol consumption in the first trimester An abnormal development of the roof of the fourth ventricle Occlusion of the internal carotid arteries An abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid within the soft tissue

An abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid within the soft tissue

The lemon sign denotes: An abnormal shape of the fetal skull A normal shape of the cerebellum An abnormal shape of the cerebellum A normal shape of the fetal skull

An abnormal shape of the fetal skull

Which of the following best describes hypospadias? Group of answer choices OEIS complex in the presence of a hydrocele The chronic obstruction of the renal pelvis and urethra The underdevelopment of the scrotum in the presence of a hydrocele An abnormal ventral curvature of the penis

An abnormal ventral curvature of the penis

The image below was taken of a uterus of 30-year-old women with a mean sac diameter of > 18mm. What are the arrowheads depicting? Twin Gestations Double Bleb Sign Empty Amnion Sign Ectopic Pregnancy

Empty Amnion Sign

The innermost germ layer in the embryo is called. Blastoderm Ectoderm Endoderm Mesoderm

Endoderm

The most common cause of postmenopausal bleeding is: Endometrial carcinoma Endometrial atrophy Endometrial leiomyoma Cervical carcinoma

Endometrial atrophy

The most common female genital tract malignancy is: Ovarian carcinoma Cervical carcinoma Endometrial carcinoma Pelvic inflammatory disease

Endometrial carcinoma

A 34-year-old patient presents to the sonography department for an endovaginal sonogram complaining of intermenstrual bleeding. The sonographic findings include a focal irregularity and enlargement of one area of the endometrium. The most likely diagnosis is: Endometrial polyps Endometrial carcinoma Endometrial atrophy Intramural leiomyoma

Endometrial polyps

The corpus luteum is maintained during pregnancy by which hormone? Group of answer choices Follicle-stimulating hormone Luteinizing hormone Progesterone Human chorionic gonadotropin

Human chorionic gonadotropin

An ovarian mass combined with a pleural effusion and ascites resolving after surgery is known as: Meigs syndrome Turner syndrome Asherman syndrome Stein-Leventhal syndrome

Meigs syndrome

Sirenomelia is commonly referred to as: Radial ray defect Rhizomelia Mermaid syndrome Rockerbottom feet

Mermaid syndrome

What is the most common fetal renal tumor? Mesoblastic nephroma Wilms tumor Nephroblastoma Neuroblastoma

Mesoblastic nephroma

A small mandible is termed: Macroglossia Epignathus Micrognathia Ethmocephaly

Micrognathia

The type of abortion where there is no cardiac activity is considered a? Missed Abortion Incomplete Abortion Inevitable Abortion Threatened Abortion Complete Abortion

Missed Abortion

Which one of the following imaging planes is best for imaging the cleft lip and palate? Transverse Longitudinal Transverse oblique Modified coronal

Modified coronal

In which type of twining is the 'T' sign seen? Monochorionic and monoamniotic twins Monochorionic and diamniotic twins Conjoined twins Dichorionic and diamniotic twins

Monochorionic and diamniotic twins

Twins that have the threat of being conjoined are: Monochorionic monoamniotic Monochorionic diamniotic Dizygotic Dichorionic diamniotic

Monochorionic monoamniotic

Identical twins result from: Monozygotic twinning Dizygotic twinning Heterotopic pregnancies Monochorionic pregnancies

Monozygotic twinning

Fertilization of One Ova by One sperm that splits and duplicates 'identical twins' is considered? Dizygotic twins Dichorionic twins Monochorionic diamniotic twins Monozygotic twins

Monozygotic twins

Refer to the sagittal image of the pregnant uterus above: Which of the following is the most likely cause of the appearances on this image? Leiomyoma Bicornuate uterus Severe spinal deformity Chorioangioma Myometrial contraction

Myometrial contraction

All of the following are clinical findings associated with leiomyoma except: Group of answer choices Myometrial cysts Infertility Palpable pelvic mass Menorrhagia

Myometrial cysts

All of the following are sonographic signs of Ebstein anomaly except: Narrowing of the aortic arch Fetal hydrops Enlarged right atrium Malpositioned tricuspid valve

Narrowing of the aortic arch

What is the term for the structure that forms the brain and spinal cord? Primitive streak Amniotic sac Neural tube Rhombencephalon

Neural tube

All of the following are associated with esophageal atresia except: Down syndrome Oligohydramnios VACTERL syndrome Edwards syndrome

Oligohydramnios

What portion of the humerus does the sonographer measure to obtain the length? Osseous diaphysis Both boney and cartilaginous portions Cartilaginous head Distal condyles

Osseous diaphysis

A bell-shaped chest and multiple fetal fractures are indicative of: Thanatophoric dysplasia Caudal regression syndrome Achondrogenesis Osteogenesis imperfecta

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Which cranial bones are the landmarks for measurement of the BPD? Occipital bones Parietal bones Sphenoid bones Frontal bone

Parietal bones

Which one of the following statements about achondroplasia is incorrect? Advanced maternal age is a risk factor. Patients with heterozygous achondroplasia have a poor survival rate. Achondroplasia is most commonly the result of a spontaneous mutation. Achondroplasia results from decreased endochondral bone formation.

Patients with heterozygous achondroplasia have a poor survival rate.

The most common location of an ectopic kidney is within the: Lower abdomen Pelvis Chest Contralateral quadrant

Pelvis

Possible benefits of ERT include all of the following except: Reduction in osteoporosis risk Reduction in colon cancer risk Reduction in heart disease risk Reduction in endometrial cancer risk

Reduction in endometrial cancer risk

Obstruction at the level of the UPJ would lead to dilation of the: Bladder and ureter Renal pelvis and bladder Ureter and renal pelvis Renal pelvis and calices

Renal pelvis and calices

Gastroschisis occurs more often in what location? In the base of the umbilical cord Left lateral of the cord insertion Just superior to the fetal bladder Right lateral of the cord insertion

Right lateral of the cord insertion

Identify the acquired cause for pulmonary hypoplasia. Diaphragmatic hernia Jeune's syndrome Meningocele Rupture of membranes

Rupture of membranes

All of the following are signs of Arnold-Chiari II malformation except: S-shaped spine Banana sign Lemon sign Colpocephaly

S-shaped spine

The optimal scan plane to visualize micrognathia is: Transverse Axial Sagittal Coronal

Sagittal

The exaggerated distance between the first toe and the second toe is: Trident toes Sandal gap Phocomelia Mesomelia

Sandal gap

Abnormal growth and density of cartilage and bone is described as which one of the following? Skeletal anomalies Skeletal dysplasia Achondroplasia Osteogenesis imperfecta

Skeletal dysplasia

On a transverse view of the fetal lumbosacral spine, the angle of the iliac wings in relation to the posterior elements should measure 15° Slightly less than 90° 180° 45° 100

Slightly less than 90°

All of the following are clinical findings consistent with a molar pregnancy except: Vaginal bleeding Small for dates Uterine enlargement Hypertension

Small for dates

The anterior cul-de-sac is also referred to as the: Group of answer choices Space of Retzius Rectouterine pouch Pouch of Douglas Vesicouterine pouch

Space of Retzius

The arteries that directly supply blood to the functional layer of the endometrium are the: Group of answer choices Radial arteries Spiral arteries Straight arteries Arcuate arteries

Spiral arteries

A 31-year-old patient presents to the sonography department for a saline infusion sonohysterogram complaining of intermenstrual bleeding and infertility. Sonographically, a mass is demonstrated emanating from the myometrium and distorting the endometrial cavity. What is the most likely diagnosis? Endometrial polyp Endometrial carcinoma Endometrial hyperplasia Submucosal leiomyoma

Submucosal leiomyoma

Which one of the following statements about an epignathus is false? An epignathus is a teratoma located in the oropharynx. The mass may be highly complex and contain solid, cystic, or calcified components. Swallowing is not impaired in fetuses with epignathus. A small stomach may be present.

Swallowing is not impaired in fetuses with epignathus.

All of the following are associated with amniotic band syndrome except: Amputation of fetal parts Anencephaly Facial clefting Synechiae

Synechiae

A cloverleaf skull and hydrocephalus is seen with: Achondrogenesis Osteogenesis imperfecta Sirenomelia Thanatophoric dysplasia

Thanatophoric dysplasia

The most common lethal skeletal dysplasia is which one of the following conditions? Osteogenesis imperfecta Thanatophoric dysplasia Achondroplasia Craniosynostosis

Thanatophoric dysplasia

Which one of the following anomalies is associated with a cloverleaf skull? Achondroplasia Congenital hypophosphatasia Osteogenesis imperfecta Thanatophoric dysplasia

Thanatophoric dysplasia

Which of the following best describes transposition of the great vessels? The aorta arises from the right ventricle, and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle. The aortic arch is narrowed and positioned anterior to the pulmonary vein. The aorta arises from the left ventricle, and the pulmonary artery arises from the right ventricle. The presence of an omphalocele and ectopic cordis.

The aorta arises from the right ventricle, and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle.

Which of the following definitions best describes the term adnexa? Group of answer choices The area posterior to the uterus, between the uterus and rectum. The area located posterior to the broad ligaments and adjacent to the uterus. The area anterior to the uterus, between the uterus and urinary bladder. The area lateral to the iliac crest and posterior to the pubic symphysis.

The area located posterior to the broad ligaments and adjacent to the uterus.

Which of the following best describes the intention of the cephalic index? The cephalic index helps to determine the normality of the fetal head shape. Intrauterine growth restriction is determined by the cephalic index. Gestational weight is determined by the cephalic index. The cephalic index primarily determines gestational age.

The cephalic index helps to determine the normality of the fetal head shape.

Measurement of the endometrium should include: The uterine cavity only The deep myometrial echoes and both basal layers The distance from the basal layer to the functional layer The measurement from the basal layer to the basal layer

The measurement from the basal layer to the basal layer

Which of the following is true for the diagnosis of clubfoot? The metatarsals and toes lie in the same plane as the tibia and fibula. The metatarsals are perpendicular to the tibia and fibula. The carpals and metacarpals lie in the same plane as the tibia and fibula. The tibia, fibula, and patella are perpendicular to the femur.

The metatarsals and toes lie in the same plane as the tibia and fibula.

Which fetal leg bone is medial and larger? Femur Ulna Tibia Radius

Tibia

The most common sonographic appearance of pulmonary sequestration is a(n): Anechoic mass within the chest Dilated pulmonary artery and hypoechoic chest mass Triangular, echogenic mass within the chest Pleural effusion and ipsilateral hiatal hernia

Triangular, echogenic mass within the chest

An elongated forehead in the sagittal plane and triangular in shape in the axial plane describes which one of the following abnormalities? Trigonocephaly Otocephaly Strabismus Microcephaly

Trigonocephaly

A molar pregnancy, omphalocele, and small, low-set ears are found most often with: Trisomy 21 Trisomy 18 Trisomy 13 Triploidy

Triploidy

Cleft lip, hypotelorism, and microphthalmia are all sonographic features of: Group of answer choices Trisomy 21 Trisomy 18 Trisomy 13 Turner syndrome

Trisomy 13

Sonographically you identify a fetus with fusion of the thalami and a monoventricle. Which chromosomal abnormality would be most likely? Group of answer choices Trisomy 8 Trisomy 21 Trisomy 18 Trisomy 13

Trisomy 13

Which of the following is also referred to as Patau syndrome? Trisomy 18 Trisomy 21 Trisomy 12 Trisomy 13

Trisomy 13

Micrognathia is a condition found in: Group of answer choices Trisomy 21 Hydranencephaly Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome Trisomy 18

Trisomy 18

Which of the following would increase the risk of a patient developing endometrial cancer? Unopposed ERT Multiparity Osteoporosis Endometrial atrophy

Unopposed ERT

An obstruction at the ureterovesicular junction would lead to dilation of the: Ureter and renal collecting system Bladder, urethra, ureters, and renal collecting system Bladder, urethra, and ureters Bladder and urethra

Ureter and renal collecting system

What is an opening within the septum that separates the right and the left ventricles? VSD ASD Endocardial cushion Tricuspid regeneration

VSD

Which of the following is considered to be the most common cardiac defect? Hypoplastic left heart syndrome Hypoplastic right heart syndrome VSD Transposition of the great vessels

VSD

The sonographic appearance of a 59-year-old woman on HRT is: Hypoechoic and thickened Hyperechoic and thickened Cystic areas within a thickened endometrium Variable depending upon the menstrual cycle

Variable depending upon the menstrual cycle

What is the membrane covering the zygote called? Morula Zona Coapta Zona Pellucida Blastocyst

Zona Pellucida

The structure created by the union of the sperm and the egg is the? Ampulla Zygote Blastocyst Morula

Zygote

This postvoid transabdominal image of the cervix demonstrates: a cervix free of placenta incomplete placenta previa marginal placenta previa a low-lying placenta

a cervix free of placenta

A 50-year-old patient presents with a history of abdominal distention. In the left adnexa, a 10-cm, multilocular mass is identified. This mass most likely represents: a cystadenoma a cystic teratoma theca lutein cysts polycystic disease

a cystadenoma

A patient presents with a history of irregular menses and a large pelvic mass. Based on this clinical history, the sonographic finding is most suspicious for: surface epithelial cyst a mucinous cystadenoma polycystic ovarian disease overstimulation syndrome

a mucinous cystadenoma

A woman presents at 36 weeks gestation for sonographic evaluation of fetal growth. After obtaining all the appropriate measurements, the scanner-generated report indicates an abnormally high HC/AC ratio. Which of the following statements is true regarding this finding? ratio suggests the HC is small and should not be used for gestational age calculations ratio suggests the cephalic index is abnormal, so the HC should not he used to calculate gestational age ratio suggests the AC is small and should not be used for gestational age calculations abdomen may be abnormally small, so AC should not be used for gestational age calculations

abdomen may be abnormally small, so AC should not be used for gestational age calculations

Which of the following is the most common nonlethal skeletal dysplasia? achondroplasia achondrogenesis diastrophic dysplasia thanatophoric dysplasia

achondroplasia

A patient arrives for an early second-trimester sonogram for gestational dating. An endovaginal image demonstrates a fetal abnormality that is most suspicious for: acrania anencephaly encephalocele holoprosencephaly

acrania

Dilation of the third ventricle is a sonographic finding associated with: anencephaly prosencephaly holoprosencephaly agenesis of the corpus callosum

agenesis of the corpus callosum

Outward angling of the frontal and lateral horn of the lateral ventricles is a sonographic finding in: ventriculomegaly hydranencephaly holoprosencephaly agenesis of the corpus callosum

agenesis of the corpus callosum

A patient presents for an ultrasound to determine gestational age. An image of this early second-trimester fetus is most suspicious for: acrania anencephaly microcephaly holoprosencephaly

anencephaly

Which of the following abnormalities is the most common neural tube defect? spina bifida anencephaly encephalocele cystic hygroma

anencephaly

Which of the following abnormalities is not associated with pulmonary hypoplasia? duodenal atresia skeletal dysplasia diaphragmatic hernia infantile polycystic renal disease

duodenal atresia

Which of the following is most likely associated with this finding? fetal demise preeclampsia gestational diabetes elevated maternal alpha-fetoprotein

elevated maternal alpha-fetoprotein

Hypervascularity within the endometrium is a characteristic finding in: endometritis adenomyosis Asherman syndrome endometrial hyperplasia

endometritis

Tamoxifen therapy is most likely to affect which of the following structures? cervix ovaries myometrium endometrium

endometrium

A consistently small fetal stomach on serial sonograms is most suspicious for which abnormality? esophageal atresia diaphragmatic hernia duodenal atresia omphalocele

esophageal atresia

This sonogram of an early second-trimester cranium is most suspicious for: hydrocephalus hydranencephaly holoprosencephaly agenesis of the corpus callosum

holoprosencephaly

Which of the following abnormalities is more commonly associated with proboscis? spina bifida ventriculomegaly holoprosencephaly diaphragmatic hernia

holoprosencephaly

Which of the following conditions is most likely associated with frontal bossing? anencephaly encephalocele hydrocephalus caudal regression

hydrocephalus

This sagittal image of the fetal abdomen most likely demonstrates: duodenal atresia hydronephrosis renal cyst diaphragmatic hernia

hydronephrosis

A three-dimensional image of the uterus shows a: bicornuate uterus hypoechoic endometrial mass hyperechoic endometrial mass normal-appearing endometrial cavity

hyperechoic endometrial mass

Which of the following describe the typical sonographic appearance of Asherman syndrome? diffuse uterine enlargement discrete hypoechoic myometrial mass inability to distinguish an endometrial cavity hypoechoic irregularity to the endometrial cavity

inability to distinguish an endometrial cavity

The lower uterine segment in this sonogram is consistent with a(n): placenta accreta incompetent cervix placenta previa myometrial contraction

incompetent cervix

The umbilical arteries arise from which of the following vessels? internal iliac arteries external iliac arteries spiral arteries common iliac arteries

internal iliac arteries

Complications of placenta previa include all of the following except: premature delivery stillbirth placenta accreta macrosomia

macrosomia

A placenta located immediately adjacent to the cervix is termed a(n): low-lying placenta incomplete placenta previa battledore placenta marginal placenta previa

marginal placenta previa

Placental implantation encroaching on the internal cervical os is termed: marginal previa low-lying placenta placenta increta placenta accreta

marginal previa

Maternal alpha-fetoprotein levels in a pregnancy with gastroschisis will: remain normal mildly increase markedly increase mildly decrease

markedly increase

The primary cause of placentomegaly is: maternal diabetes mellitus succenturiate placenta maternal hypertension twin-twin transfusion syndrome

maternal diabetes mellitus

The renal pelvis in a third-trimester fetus demonstrates an anterior-posterior diameter of 10 mm. This is considered: a megaureter mild hydronephrosis within normal limits moderate hydronephrosis

mild hydronephrosis

This oblique sonogram of the fetal abdomen most likely demonstrates: hydronephrosis duodenal atresia infantile polycystic disease multicystic dysplastic kidney

multicystic dysplastic kidney ?

Obstruction of an inclusion cyst results in a(n): nabothian cyst cystic teratoma endometrial polyp serous cystadenoma

nabothian cyst

This coronal sonogram of a 26-week fetus most likely demonstrates a(n): abnormal thorax abnormal bowel pattern abnormal stomach normal diaphragm

normal diaphragm

Evaluation of the nasal triad should include all of the following except: nostril symmetry. nostril length. nasal septum integrity. continuity of the upper lip to exclude cleft lip and palate.

nostril length.

Risk factors associated with developing endometrial carcinoma include: anorexia, multiparity, hypertension obesity, diabetes mellitus, nulliparity hypertension, obesity, thyroid disease multiparity, thyroid disease, hormone replacement therapy

obesity, diabetes mellitus, nulliparity

Direction of umbilical cord coiling is: abnormal if coiled left abnormal if coiled right of no clinical significance associated with fetal anomalies

of no clinical significance

Which of the following conditions will likely occur because of this abnormality? fetal hypoxia placentomegaly polyhydramnios oligohydramnios

oligohydramnios

Demonstration of fetal bone fractures raises suspicion for which skeletal abnormality? achondroplasia achondrogenesis thanatophoric dysplasia osteogenesis imperfecta

osteogenesis imperfecta

Which calvarial borders should be used to obtain a BPD? inner to inner inner to outer outer to inner outer to outer

outer to inner

Which clinical finding is more commonly associated with this condition? painless vaginal bleeding small for gestational age cephalic fetal lie fetal tachycardia

painless vaginal bleeding

A patient presents with severe lower abdominal pain and vaginal spotting. Based on the clinical history, the sonographic findings are most suspicious for: placenta accreta placenta abruption circumvallate placenta chorioangioma

placenta abruption

Which of the following conditions demonstrates extension of the chorionic villi into the myometrium? battledore placenta placenta increta placenta accreta placenta percreta

placenta increta

What is the most common cause of painless vaginal bleeding in the third trimester? incompetent cervix placenta previa placenta accreta placenta abruption

placenta previa

Which of the following conditions is most likely identified in this sagittal sonogram of the cervix? velamentous cord insertion placenta accreta battledore placenta placenta previa

placenta previa

The most common cause of IUGR is: anemia diabetes chromosomal abnormalities placental insufficiency

placental insufficiency

Extensive facial screening may be hindered by all of the following except: bone shadowing. poor fetal positioning. polyhydramnios. maternal obesity.

polyhydramnios

Which of the following is a common sonographic finding with fetal facial abnormalities? duodenal atresia polyhydramnios diaphragmatic hernia ventricular septal defect

polyhydramnios

Which of the following best describes the concept of brain-sparing effect? fetal brain growth is dependent on hormones produced by the placenta, so in times of placental insufficiency, the brain does not develop properly circulation is increased in the brain during periods of delayed fetal growth, thus slowing fetal growth at an exponential rate selective circulation to the brain limits circulation to other organs during periods of low oxygenation, causing a smaller abdomen but normal head size episodes of rapid fetal growth can cause limited blood flow to the brain

selective circulation to the brain limits circulation to other organs during periods of low oxygenation, causing a smaller abdomen but normal head size

Classic symptoms of placental abruption include: severe pelvic pain and vaginal bleeding severe pelvic pain without vaginal bleeding mild abdominal pain and vaginal spotting painless vaginal bleeding

severe pelvic pain and vaginal bleeding

The most common sonographic finding associated with multicystic renal dysplasia is: unilateral multicystic kidney bilateral multicystic kidneys unilateral enlarged hyperechoic kidney bilateral enlarged hyperechoic kidneys

unilateral multicystic kidney

Which of the following occurs when intramembranous vessels course across the internal cervical os? vasa previa circumvallate placenta battledore placenta placenta accreta

vasa previa

A succenturiate placenta is at an increased risk for which of the following? intervillous thrombosis placental abruption velamentous cord amniochorionic separation

velamentous cord

Membranous insertion of the umbilical cord is termed a(n): vasa previa allantois cord velamentous cord battledore placenta

velamentous cord

When should a standard BPD chart not be used? when the cephalic index is greater than 85% when the area corrected BPD is greater than a 20% difference when there is greater than a 2-day discrepancy between BPD and HC when the HC/AC ratio is greater than two standard deviations from the normal

when the cephalic index is greater than 85%