OBGYN registry review quiz 1

Which arteries in the uterus feed the functional layer of the endometrium?

The spiral arteries

Why patients who present with uterine anomalies may also require a urinary tract sonogram as well?

The uterus and kidneys develop at the same time so it is safe to assume that when there are congenital anomalies recognized on a routine sonogram of the uterus, coexisting anomalies may be present in the kidneys. (Cells of both are close together in intrauterine life)

The potential space between the urinary bladder and the pubic symphysis is

the space of Retzius.

Is dysmenorrhea an indication for a pelvic sonogram?

Not when it appears by itself but if appears with other symptoms yes.

________are most often found in postmenopausal women. They are estrogen-producing tumors, appear as hypoechoic, solid mass with shadow.

Thecoma

A straight uterus that tilts forward in the body forming a 90 ° angle with the vagina is

anteversion

Corpus luteum cyst may even reach sizes of up to 10cm, although most often they resolve by

16 weeks' gestation

The normal prepubertal uterus has a cervix to uterus ratio of

2:1

What path does arterial blood supply take to the uterus, (starting from AO)?

AO -> common iliac arteries-> branches into external/internal iliac arteries-> right/left uterine arteries (branches of the internal iliac arteries) which supply blood to uterus.

_______result from the retention of an unfertilized ovum that differentiates into the three germ cell layers

Cystic teratoma (a.k.a. dermoid cyst)

_________the most common cancer to originate within an endometrioma.

Endometrioid tumor (endometrioid carcinoma)

_________are not associated with estrogen production. Most often found in middle-aged women, patients may present with pseudoprecocious puberty.

Fibromas

A sonogram of a postpubertal women demonstrated a 5cm simple cyst on the left ovary. A follow-up exam 3 months later demonstrates a normal ovary. What do these findings likely represent?

Follicular cyst

_______are in postmenopausal patients may present with vaginal bleeding, while adolescent patients may present with pseudoprecocious puberty.

Granulosa cell tumors

How would you describe the echotexture of the normal uterus?

Homogeneous

A 60-year-old female patient presents with an ovarian tumor, ascites, and pleural effusion. Most likely has

Meigs syndrome

A patient presents with Mittelschmerz. Sonography demonstrated a small amount of free fluid in the right adnexa. What is likely the cause?

Ovulation

__________is a sex cord-stromal ovarian neoplasm that is associated with virilization.

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

Which part of the uterus is enveloped by the vagina?

The cervix and external os

Which part of the pelvic space contains the uterus and ovaries?

The true pelvis

_____is the best method in interrogation of the female pelvis to demonstrate the endometrium.

Transabdominal

How can salpingitis be differentiated by hydrosalpinx?

Walls are thickened in salpingitis not in hydrosalpinx

The endometrial cavity is contiguous with which other part of the female pelvis?

With the lumen of the fallopian tubes laterally and the cervix inferiorly

The ovaries, they will never be located in the

anterior cul-de-sac

A uterus that has two separate endometrial canals, but a single cervix is a

bicornuate uterus (a.k.a. bicornis unicollis).

The testicular equivalent of an ovarian________is the seminoma

dysgerminoma

The fallopian tubes may become distended secondary to obstruction or infection is called

fallopian tube carcinoma

The uterus can be divided into four major divisions:

fundus, corpus, isthmus, and cervix

The normal sonographic appearance of an ovary is

homogeneous with medium-to low-level echoes

A cyst located in the broad ligament is

paraovarian cyst

Preparation recommended for a transabdominal pelvic sonogram is:

patients are required to drink at least 32oz of water 30 minutes to an hour before appointment in order to have a full bladder.

Dextroverted uterus means

that the long axis of the uterus deviating to the right of the midline

Which pelvic muscles supply support to the pelvic organs?

The pelvic diaphragm (which consists of the leavator ani and coccygeus)

In the female pelvis free fluid is most likely to collect in

the rectouterine pouch (a.k.a. posterior cul-de-sac or pouch of Douglas).