OBGYN Test
Interval, fetal growth can be determined with sonographic. Examination is performed a minimum of how many weeks apart.
1
The normal gestational sac will grow
1 mm per day
During ovarian induction therapy, follicles are only measured when exceeding
1.0 cm
Chorionic villi sampling is typically performed between:
10 and 12 gestational weeks
Lateral ventricular enlargement becomes ventriculomegaly after the diameter exceeds
10 mm
Normal measurement of the atrium of the lateral ventricle atria should not exceed
10 mm
The fetal heart is fully formed by
10 weeks
At what gestational age are chorionic villus sampling procedures commonly performed?
10-12 weeks
The endometrium demonstrates a triple line appearance between days
10-14
The cisterna magna should not exceed _______ in the transcerebellar plane?
10mm
The normal diameter of the lateral ventricle atria should not exceed:
10mm
Initial visualization of the hypoechoic choroid plexusEs is expected near the
10th gestational week
The term embryo is used to describe a developing zygote through the
10th gestational week
During the mid-luteal phase full luteal function is expected, if the endometrial thickness is at least
11 mm
The optimal gestational age for measuring fetal nuchal translucency is
11 weeks and zero days to 13 weeks and six days
NT measures are typically obtained between:
11-14 weeks
Ossification of the cranium begins around the
11th week
Infertility is suggested when conception, does not occur within
12 months
Normally, physiologic bowel herniation resolves by:
12 weeks
Ovulation typically occurs on day _____ of the menstrual cycle
14
In the menarche patient, the endometrial thickness should not exceed
14 mm
The fetal stomach should be visualized by
14 weeks
Maternal hypertension is defined as a systolic pressure above
140 mm Hg
Genetic testing by amniocentesis is typically performed between:
15 and 18 gestational weeks
Normally, the chorionic cavity should no longer be visible after how many gestational weeks
16
On transvaginal imaging in a normal pregnancy, cardiac activity must be identified within a gestational sac with a mean sac diameter of
16mm
Placenta previa is ruled out when the placental edge is located a minimum of what distance from the internal os?
2 cm
Placental thickness will vary with gestational age but generally measures:
2-3 cm
The normal length of the cervical os will vary, but it measures a minimum of
2.5 cm
Hands should be scrubbed a minimum of:
20 seconds
When using the hand washing technique, hands should be scrubbed for a minimum of:
20 seconds
During the ovulatory phase, normal estradiol levels range between:
200 and 400 pg/mL
Fetal hydrops resulting from fetal tachycardia most commonly demonstrates a fetal heart rate of:
200-240 bpm
The length of a normal menstrual cycle ranges between
21-35 days
polyhydramnios demonstrates an amniotic volume index greater than
24 cm
Sonographic findings associated with osteogenesis imperfecta may not be apparent before
24 weeks gestation
Choroid plexus cysts Should normally regress by.
26 weeks
The average menstrual cycle last
28 days
The cervix-to-corpus ratio of a premenarche uterus is:
2:1
Normal nuchal translucency should not exceed:
3 mm
Follicular aspiration occurs:
30 to 34 hours after administration of hCG
Visualization of the distal femoral epiphysis documents a fetus with an approximate gestational age of:
32 weeks
distal femoral epiphysis is consistently visualized by
32 weeks
Visualization of the proximal tibial epiphysis first occurs around
35 weeks gestation
Preterm labor is defined as the onset of labor before:
37 weeks gestation
In the late second trimester, anterior-posterior diameter of the normal renal pelvis should not exceed:
4 mm
The measurement of the endometrium during the early proliferative phase ranges from
4-8 mm
Macrosomia is defined as a newborn weight exceeding
4000 g
Normal maximum placental thickness in a second trimester pregnancy should not exceed:
4cm
Oligohydramnios is defined as an amniotic fluid index below
5 cm
In postmenopausal women, endometrial thickness is consistently benign when measuring:
5 mm or less
The yolk sac is abnormal after the diameter exceeds:
7mm
Biophysical profile examination of a 35 week fetus demonstrates a complete extension and flexion of lower extremities four separate fetal movements, amniotic fluid volume of 10 cm and a normal stress test. Fetal diaphragm or breathing motion is not identified on the basis of the sonographic findings the biophysical score would be.
8
Endometrial thickness of an asymptomatic postmenopausal patient denying hormone replacement therapy should not exceed
8 mm
The fetal lip typically closes by
8 weeks
Intrauterine growth restriction is defined as
A fetus that falls below the 10th percentile for gestational age
Which federal agency looks to improve the quality, safety, efficiency, and effectiveness of American health care?
AHRQ
Which of the following is associated with enlarged echogenic kidneys and microscopic renal cysts
ARPKD
Which of the following would be the most likely cause of bilateral enlarged echogenic fetal kidneys, and oligohydramnios
ARPKD
The single, most sensitive indicator of intrauterine growth restriction is
Abdominal circumference
The single, most useful biometric perimeter to assess fetal growth is the
Abdominal circumference
which of the following is not a component of prune belly syndrome
Abdominal muscle hypertrophy
Estimated fetal weight is most commonly calculated using, which of the following biometric parameters?
Abdominal, circumference, femur, length, and biparietal diameter
A disorder that results in abnormal bone growth and dwarfism is
Achondroplasia
The most common nonlethal, skeletal dysplasia is
Achondroplasia
Which of the following is the most common nonlethal, skeletal dysplasia?
Achondroplasia
Absence of the skull is
Acrania
Which of the following is most likely to mimic anencephaly?
Acrania
Diffuse uterine enlargement demonstrating diffuse myometrial anechoic areas are sonographic findings consistent with:
Adenomyosis
Invasion of a endometrial tissue into the myometrium of the uterus, is referred to as
Adenomyosis
Multiparity is a risk factor associated with which of the following abnormalities
Adenomyosis
Dilation of the third ventricle is a sonographic finding associated with?
Agenesis of the corpus callosum
Enlargement of the third ventricle is a finding associated with:
Agenesis of the corpus callosum
Outward angling of the frontal and lateral horn of the lateral ventricles is the sonographic finding in
Agenesis of the corpus callosum
Gloves should be worn with:
All patients
The most severe form of Holoprosencephaly is
Alobar
Which of the following should be assessed in a fetus presenting with genitourinary abnormality?
Amniotic fluid volume
The most common location of an ectopic pregnancy is the
Ampullary portion of the uterine tube
A cystic hygroma is the result of
An abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid within the soft tissue
The vesicouterine pouch is located
Anterior to the uterus and posterior to the urinary bladder
Which of the following best describes transposition of the great vessels
Aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle
Which of the following is a genetic disorder that includes craniosynostosis midline facial hypoplasia and syndactyly?
Apert syndrome
A lemon shaped skull is related to
Arnold-Chiari II malformation
Left ventricular, outflow tract, denotes the
Ascending aorta
Inability to distinguish, the endometrial cavity is a sonographic finding in
Asherman syndrome
The keyhole sign would be seen and all of the following situations except
Autosomal dominant polycystic renal disease
Which biometric parameter is most widely used to determine gestational age in the early second trimester?
BPD
Macroglossia is most commonly found with
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
Which of the following syndromes demonstrates a normal karyotype and is associated with hemihypertrophy?
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
Explaining the ultrasound examination is accomplished:
Before beginning the examination
An asymptomatic postmenopausal patient displays a 3 cm simple ovarian cyst. This finding is considered.
Benign
All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with ectopic pregnancy, except
Bilateral, multiloculated ovarian cysts
The following term indicates that the fiddlehead is located in the uterine fundus
Breech
Documentation of fetal position, demonstrates a frank breech presentation. This means the fetal head is located in the superior portion of the uterus and the.
Buttocks are presenting with the feet near the head
The anechoic midline brain structure located between the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles is the
CSP
Visualization of which brain structure excludes most central nervous system anomalies
CSP
Which of the following will also typically be absent with aGenesis of the corpus callosum
CSP
Head circumference is measured at a level to include the
CSP and tentorium
The initials CDC stand for:
Center for Disease Control
Nuchal thickness is measured in a plane to include the
Cerebellum, cisterna magna, CSP
The narrowing of the aortic arch is indicative of
Coarctation of the aorta
Which of the following planes demonstrate the normal fetal spine is three parallel hyperechoic lines on ultrasound
Coronal
Sonographically a normal appearing seven week IUP is identified. Within the adnexa an ovarian cystic structure with a thick hyperechoic rim is also discovered. What does this ovarian mass most likely represent
Corpus luteum cyst
A ill-defined, multilocular, complex ovarian mass is most suspicious for:
Cystadenocarcinoma
Reproductive age patient demonstrates a complex adnexal mass with the diffusely bright internal echoes. These sonographic findings most likely describes a.
Cystic teratoma
The presence of a posterior fossa cyst and agenesis of the cerebellar vermis are characteristic findings of?
Dandy-Walker malformation
Which of the following statements is true for a postmenopausal patient not receiving hormone replacement therapy?
Decreases in estrogen can shorten the vagina.
Normally, the S/D ratio:
Decreases with advancing gestation
A fetus presenting in the breech position during the third trimester may demonstrate a cranial shape that is termed
Dolichocephalic
A 38 year old pregnant woman presents to the Sonography Department for an obstetrical sonogram with abnormal maternal serum screening. Her alpha-fetoprotein and estriol are low whereas her HCG is elevated. These laboratory findings are most consistent with.
Down syndrome
Brightly echogenic bowel in the second trimester is most likely associated with which abnormality?
Down syndrome
Duodenal atresia is typically documented in one third of cases of:
Down syndrome
Inward curving of the fifth finger is a clinical finding associated with:
Down syndrome
Which of the following is also referred to as trisomy 21
Down syndrome
Congenital maldevelopment of the proximal portion of the small intestine is termed:
Duodenal atresia
Double bubble is a sonographic sign associated with
Duodenal atresia
The double bubble sign is indicative of
Duodenal atresia
Which of the following abnormalities is not associated with pulmonary hypoplasia?
Duodenal atresia
Which of the following is a sonographic finding associated with trisomy 21?
Duodenal atresia
The most common ovarian malignancy occurring in childhood is
Dysgerminoma
Megaureter and oligohydramnios are sonographic findings associated with which fetal syndrome?
Eagle-Barrett
Which of the following syndromes is manifested by dilatation of the renal collecting system?
Eagle-Barrett syndrome
The fetus becomes a major producer of amniotic fluid in the
Early second trimester
A Corpus luteum is most likely misdiagnosed as a
Ectopic pregnancy
A clenched fetal fist is commonly associated with which of the following syndromes?
Edward
All of the following are characteristics of spina bifida, occulta except
Elevated MSAFP
Which of the following is a tumor of ectopic endometrial tissue
Endometrioma
Which of the following is also referred to as a chocolate cyst
Endometrioma
Fixation of the ovaries posterior to the uterus is a sonographic findings associated with
Endometriosis
All of the following are associated with spina bifida, except
Enlarged posterior fossa
All the following are common indications for a pelvic sonogram, except
Evaluation of pelvic anatomy immediately following a motor vehicle accident
Bladder exstrophy describes
External position of the bladder
The hormone of the pituitary gland that stimulates follicular development of the ovary is
FSH
All of the following are associated with a thin, placenta, except
Fetal hydrops
Anasarca is a condition often seen in cases of:
Fetal hydrops
Which of the following ovarian neoplasm demonstrates sonographic characteristics similar to Leiomyoma
Fibroma
With what ovarian tumor is meigs syndrome, most likely associated with
Fibroma
Symmetrical, intrauterine growth restriction is more commonly a result of
First trimester insult
Which of the following is not a fetal cardiac shunt
Foramen of Monro
Which of the following most accurately describes endometriosis
Functional endometrial tissue invading the peritoneal cavity
A 24-year-old female patient presents to sonography department for a pelvic sonogram with an indication of pelvic pain. Upon sonographic interrogation, the sonographer notes an anechoic mass within the vagina. This mass most likely represents a.
Gartner duct cyst
The primary source of amniotic fluid removal is through the
Gastrointestinal tract
All of the following are sonographic features of pentalogy of Cantrell, except
Gastroschisis
Opening in the layers of the abdominal wall, with evisceration of the bowel describes which of the following abnormalities
Gastroschisis
Pelvic inflammatory disease is best described as a
General classification of inflammatory conditions
Endovaginal transducers may be cleaned by submerging in a(n) ____-based solution
Glutaraldehyde
A mature physiological cyst is termed a:
Graafian follicle
Estrogen is primarily secreted by the
Graafian follicle
The dominant follicle prior to ovulation is termed, the
Graafian follicle
What structure may be noted on the ovary just prior to ovulation
Graafian follicle
What is considered the best protection to stop the spread of disease?
Hand washing
HIPAA stands for
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
Maintaining privacy of a patient's medical and personal information is a primary concern of the:
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
Maintaining privacy of patient medical information is a primary goal of the:
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
And extrauterine and intrauterine pregnancy is termed a
Heterotopic pregnancy
All the following are associated with omphalocele except
Hirschsprung disease
A large single ventricular cavity is most suspicious for
Holoprosencephaly
Which of the following abnormalities is more commonly associated with proboscis?
Holoprosencephaly
Which of the following is a common abnormality associated with Trisomy 13?
Holoprosencephaly
Anechoic regions within brain tissue are most suspicious for
Hydranencephaly
The sonographic findings of a fluid filled cranium with absence of cerebral tissue is consistent with
Hydranencephaly
A Common sonographic finding associated with an endometrioma is a
Hypoechoic, homogeneous, adnexal mass
Which of the following is most likely associated with oligohydramnios?
IUGR
Which of the following fetal position is at most risk for cord prolapse
Incomplete breech
The fallopian tube divides into which of the following segments
Interstitial, isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum
Sonographic appearance of ovarian carcinoma is generally described as a
Irregular hypoechoic ovarian mass
The hormone that surges at ovulation is
LH
Which of the following laboratory test might be used as a tumor marker for an ovarian dysgerminoma?
Lactate dehydrogenase
Which of the following patient positions is preferred for Translabial imaging
Lithotomy
Medical imaging transducers are cleaned and sterilized according to the:
Manufacturer's recommendations
The primary cause of placentomegaly is:
Maternal diabetes
The syndrome associated with an occipital cephalocele, cystic renal disease and polydactyly is
Meckel-Gruber syndrome
An ovarian mass combined with plural effusion and ascites resolving after surgery is known as
Meigs syndrome
Acute pelvic pain during the periovulatory phase is termed, the
Mittelschmerz
Which term refers to midcycle or ovulatory pain?
Mittelschmerz
Which of the following may also be referred to as turner syndrome?
Monosomy X
An endometrioma most likely appears as a
Mostly cystic mass with low-level echoes
Demonstration of multiple unilateral renal cyst is most suspicious for
Multicystic, dysplastic kidney
All the following are associated with gastroschisis except
Multiple chromosomal abnormalities
All of the following are characteristics sonographic findings of achondrogenesis except
Multiple dislocated joints
The most common malignant, adrenal pediatric tumor is the
Neuroblastoma
Which of the following is a sonographic finding in cases of asymmetrical intrauterine growth restriction
Normal biparietal diameter
Which of the following correctly describes the expected sonographic findings with an asymmetrical intrauterine growth restriction
Normal head circumference and decrease in abdominal circumference
Echogenic debris swirling in the amniotic cavity is
Normal sonographic findings
Subcutaneous accumulation of fluid behind the fetal neck, measuring 3 mm in thickness is a
Normal, finding in the late first trimester
A large multicystic ovarian mass, in an ovarian-stimulated patient, is most suspicious for:
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
A 26 year old patient presents to the Sonography Department with the history of infertility and oligomenorrhea. Sauna graphically, he discovered that the ovaries are in large and contain multiple small follicles along the periphery with prominent echogenic stromal elements. What is the most likely diagnosis
PCOS
All of the following statements concerning PID are true, except
PID is typically a unilateral condition
Leakage of part or all of the amniotic fluid in a 32-week gestation is termed:
PROM
dysmennorhea is a term used to describe
Painful menses
What form of permanent birth control would be seen Sonicgraphically as echogenic linear structures within the lumen of both is isthmus portions of the fallopian tube
Paragards
A cystic structure located in the inferior broad ligament is most suspicious for a
Paraovarian cyst
During a pelvic sonogram, you visualize a small cyst located adjacent to the ovary. What is this most likely etiology of this cyst?
Parovarian cyst
Holoprosencephaly is most often associated with which of the following syndromes?
Patau
Trisomy 13 is also known as:
Patau syndrome
Which of the following could be described as an infection of the female, genital tract that may involve the ovaries uterus, and the fallopian tubes
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Which of the following conditions displays ectopia cordis and gastroschisis?
Pentalogy of Cantrell
A patient presents with lower abdominal pain and a palpable pelvic mass. A septated fluid collection surrounds a normal appearing right ovary. The patient has a previous history of a ruptured appendix. Based on this clinical history, the sonographic findings as most suspicious for which of the following pathologies.
Peritoneal inclusion cyst
Sonographically, you visualize a mass, extending from the distal spine of a fetus. This mass could be all of the following, except
Phocomeningocele
The migration of the embryologic bowel into the base of the umbilical cord at nine weeks is referred to as
Physiologic bowel herniation
Asymmetrical, intrauterine growth restriction is usually a result of
Placental insufficiency
Which of the following is a common sonographic findings with fetal facial abnormalities
Polyhydramnios
A patient presents with a positive pregnancy test and an hCG level of 750 mIU/mL 2nd IS. Based on this clinical history, which of the following best describes the expected sonographic findings.
Possible small gestational sac on transvaginal imaging
Fluid noted, posterior to the uterus would most likely be located within the
Pouch of Douglas
Which of the following would increase the likelihood of a fetus developing sirenomelia and caudal regression syndrome
Preexisting maternal diabetes
Which of the following sonographic findings helps to differentiate dandy walker syndrome from an arachnoid cyst
Presence of a normal vermis
Causes of female infertility include all of the following, except
Previous intrauterine device use
The most common fetal, cardiac tumor is the
Rhabdomyoma
In what location does Gastroschisis occur more often?
Right lateral of the cord insertion
A 55-year-old patient presents to the Sonography Department with a history of pelvic pressure, abdominal swelling and abnormal, uterine bleeding. A pelvic sonogram reveals a large multiloculated cystic mass with papillary projections. What is the most likely diagnosis
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Which of the following is the most common malignancy of the Ovary
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
What condition is associated with bilateral renal agenesis oligohydramnios and fusion of the lower extremities
Sirenomelia
Clinical Standards and Code of Ethics specific for diagnostic medical sonographers has been developed and adopted by the:
Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers
A crescent shaped appearance to the cerebellum should signal sonographer to get additional attention to which of the following fetal structures
Spine
All of the following are sonographic findings of Arnold Chiari II malformation, except
Strawberry sign
A sonographic examination was performed on a pregnancy patient who complained of vaginal bleeding. Sonographically a crescent shaped anechoic area is noted adjacent to the gestational sac. The gestational sac containing a six week single live iUP. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Subchorionic hemorrhage
The uterosacral ligament extends from the lateral margins of the sacrum to the
Superior cervix
Insertion of the umbilical cord into the abdominal wall of the fetus is located at the level of
Superior to the bladder
The ovary is attached to the pelvic side wall by the
Suspensory ligament
The pelvic ligament that provides support to the ovary to the pelvic side wall is the
Suspensory ligament of the ovary
If a patient displays an endometrial thickness of 2 cm, it is considered
Suspicious for proliferation of the endometrium
Which of the following accurately describes transmission-based precautions (TBP)?
TBP must be implemented based on clinical presentation
Which of the following definitions best describes the term adnexa
The area located posterior to the broad ligaments and adjacent to the uterus
Which of the following best describes the intention of the cephalic index
The cephalic index helps to determine the normality of the fetal head shape
leiomyosarcoma of the uterus denotes
The malignant counterpart of a fibroid
Which of the following is true for the diagnosis of clubfoot
The metatarsals and toes lie in the same plane as the tibia and fibula
Which of the following most accurately describes the parimetrium?
The serosal surface of the uterus is termed, the perimetrium
Which of the following ovarian neoplasm will most likely demonstrate posterior acoustic shadowing
Thecoma
Which of the following describe the sonographic appearance of the endometrium during the late proliferation phase
Thick, hypoechoic functional layer and a hyperechoic basal layer
The BPD measurement is taken at the level of the
Third ventricle
When the Pacenta completely covers the internal os is referred to as
Total previa
An abnormal connection between the esophagus and trachea is termed
Tracheoesophageal fistula
The most frequently encountered chromosomal abnormality associated with holoprosencephaly
Trisomy 13
A strawberry shaped skull is commonly associated with
Trisomy 18
Bilateral choroid plexus cysts, micrognathia, and rockerbottom feet are sonographic findings of a 27 week fetus with an omphalocele. These findings are most consistent with
Trisomy 18
Increased nuchal fold is most likely associated with
Trisomy 21
Which of the following is most often associated with duodenal atresia
Trisomy 21
Which of the following structure secretes hCG
Trophoblastic tissue
A 25-year-old woman presents with high-grade fever, pelvic pain and leukocytosis. An ill defined complex mass is identified in the left adnexa based on this clinical history, the sonographic findings as most suspicious for.
Tubo-ovarian abscess
Which classification of osteogenesis imperfecta is most lethal?
Type II
Which classification of osteogenesis imperfecta is the most severe
Type II
Which of the following produces and removes amniotic fluid
Umbilical cord
The most common sonographic findings associated with multicystic renal dysplasia is
Unilateral, multicystic kidney
An obstruction at the ureterovesicular junction would lead to dilation of the
Ureter and renal collecting system
The cornua of the uterus is located between the
Uterine fundus and fallopian tube
Which of the following is a common clinical symptom associated with adenomyosis
Uterine tenderness
Partial fusion of the caudle Müllerian ducts will most likely result in an anomaly of the
Uterus
What is an opening within the septum separates the right and left ventricles
VSD
Which of the following is considered to be the most common cardiac defect?
VSD
A gartner cyst is located within the
Vagina
Gloves should be long enough to cover the:
Wrist
Which of the following most accurately describes an endometrioma?
a collection of ectopic endometrial tissue
What forms the chorion?
a double layer of trophoblasts
Twin-twin transfusion syndrome generally demonstrates:
a minimum fetal weight discordance of 20%
A 30-year-old patient with normal menses presents for an ultrasound on the tenth day of her cycle. The endometrial stripe is expected to demonstrate:
a thick, hypoechoic functional layer and a hyperechoic basal layer
What is the most specific measurement for determining intrauterine growth restriction and macrosomia?
abdominal circumference
Which of the following measurements is a good predictor of fetal growth
abdominal circumference
Normal embryonic herniation of the bowel permits development of the:
abdominal organs
Which of the following is a possible cause for elevated maternal alpha-fetoprotein
abdominal wall defect
In ectopic pregnancy, serial human chorionic gonadotropin levels are expected to:
abnormally increase
Which of the following procedures may use a Trocar technique?
abscess drainage
A monochorionic twin pregnancy in which one develops without an upper body is termed:
acardiac twin
Which of the following twin abnormalities demonstrates a venous-to-venous anastomosis?
acardiac twin
The presence of additional placental tissue adjacent to the main placenta is termed a(n):
accessory placenta
Growth of the placenta into the superficial myometrium is termed placenta:
accreta
A diffusely enlarged uterus demonstrating a inhomogeneous myometrium is most suspicious for:
adenomyosis
The region, including the ovary and fallopian tube, is termed, the
adnexa
Ovarian torsion is commonly associated with a coexisting
adnexal mass
All of the following are clinical features of an ectopic pregnancy, except
adnexal ring
Which of the following structures produces small amounts of estrogen
adrenal gland
All of the following are contributing factors for an ectopic pregnancy, except
advanced paternal age
The door should be closed for four hours after a patient with a(n):?
airborne pathogen
Which of the following require a patient to be placed in a private room with the door closed?
airborne pathogens
Which of the following is a responsibility of the sonographer?
all of the above
An anechoic mass is noted within the umbilical cord during routine sonographic examination. What is the most likely diagnosis?
allantoic cyst
Increased S/D ratio is associated with all of the following except:
allantoic cysts
The umbilical cord is covered by which of the following?
amnion
Which of the following lines the chorion, and contains the fetus
amnion
Herniated contents of an omphalocele are covered by a membrane consisting of?
amnion and peritoneum
A group of abnormalities associated with entrapment of fetal parts, and fetal amputations is
amniotic band syndrome
The disorder associated with fetal amputation is
amniotic band syndrome
Which of the following abnormalities increases the risk of fetal injury?
amniotic bands
Assessing the total amount of amniotic fluid within the gestational sac, using the sum of four equal quadrants is termed
amniotic fluid index
Which technique is both valid and reproducible, when assessing amniotic fluid volume
amniotic fluid index
Which of the following provides important information about fetal renal function
amniotic fluid volume
Which portion of the biophysical profile study is a chronic Marker of fetal hypoxia
amniotic fluid volume
The best diagnostic accuracy of intrauterine growth restriction is offered when evaluating the
amniotic fluid volume, estimated fetal weight, and maternal blood pressure
The segment of the fallopian tube where fertilization typically occurs is the
ampulla
Polycystic ovarian disease can result from
an endocrine imbalance
Second trimester ultrasound examinations are best in determining fetal:
anatomy
The most common neural tube defect is:
anencephaly
Which of the following abnormalities is the most common neural tube defect?
anencephaly
Which of the following sonographic findings is not associated with Meckel-Gruber syndrome?
anencephaly
The uterine position in which the corpus tilts Forward in comes in contact with the cervix describes
anteflexion
Luteinizing hormone is secreted by the
anterior pituitary gland
cavum septum pellucidi is located in the
anterior portion of the fetal brain
Which of the following correctly measures endometrial thickness
anterior-posterior dimension in the sagittal plane
The normal position of the uterus is
anteverted
Which congenital uterine anomaly does not distort the normal contour of the fundus
arcuate
Prominent anechoic structures near the periphery of the uterus, most likely represent
arcuate vessels
Which of the following most accurately describes twin-twin transfusion syndrome?
arterial blood from the donor twin is pumped into the venous system of the receiving twin
Multiple serpentine vascular structures within the myometrium in a patient complaining of abnormal bleeding following a recent dilation curettage procedure is most suspicious for which of the following abnormalities?
arteriovenous fistula
Intrauterine growth restriction is defined as a fetal weight
at or below the 10th percentile for gestational age
What refers to a person's capacity to formulate, express, and carry out value-based preferences?
autonomy
Which of the following is caused by the presence of one defective gene?
autosomal dominant
Which of the following is required of a medical facility to promote respiratory hygiene?
availability of surgical face masks
The maternal side of the developing placenta is termed decidua:
basalis
The maternal side of the placenta is formed by the decidua:
basalis
An eccentric insertion of the umbilical cord into the placenta is termed a:
battledore placenta
Insertion of the umbilical cord into the end margin of the placenta is termed a:
battledore placenta
Assessment for the presence of an ovarian cyst or dominant follicle is scheduled
before initiating ovarian induction therapy
Maximizing benefits and minimizing possible harm describes:
beneficence
Which of the following would be most likely associated with oligohydramnios?
bilateral renal agenesis
Which of the following measurements is most widely used when determining gestational age in the second trimester
biparietal diameter
Which of the following structures implants into the endometrium
blastocyst
Which of the following best describes the sonographic appearance of uterine synechiae?
bright band of echoes within the endometrium
An extrauterine mass most commonly develops on which of the following structures?
broad ligament
Which of the following attaches to the ovary?
broad ligament
which pelvic structure contains the uterine blood vessels and nerves?
broad ligament
Which of the following is the first system to function in the developing embryo?
cardiovascular
Ebstein anomaly is associated with a
cardiovascular anomaly
Which of the following fetal abnormalities is more commonly associated with diabetic patients?
caudal regression
Hydranencephaly is an abnormality of the:
cerebral cortex
Nabothian cysts are located in the:
cervix
The most common placental tumor is the
chorioangioma
Which portion of the gestational sac develops into the fetal side of the placenta?
chorion frondosum
With a normal pregnancy the first structure noted within the decidualized endometrium is the
chorionic sac
The vascular projections arising from the chorion are termed:
chorionic villi
Which of the following is not associated with hydrocephalus
choroid plexus cysts
If the maternal alpha-fetoprotein level is decreased the Sonographer, should carefully evaluate for
chromosomal abnormalities
A cystic hygroma is often associated with which of the following?
chromosomal abnormality
Which of the following conditions is most likely to demonstrate a small placenta?
chromosomal anomalies
Which of the following describes a condition where the chorionic plate of the placenta is smaller than the basal plate?
circumvallate placenta
Which placenta most likely demonstrates an overall abnormal contour?
circumvallate placenta
In biophysical profile, which of the following will document fetal tone
complete episode of flexion to extension and back to flexion
All of the following are sonographic findings, consistent with, and the adenomyosis except
complex adnexal mass
A health-care professional's duty to protect the privacy of patient information is termed:
confidentiality
Hepatitis A is an example which of the following exposures?
contact
The fallopian tubes are
contained in the superior portion of the broad ligament
Hyperechoic foci within the ovary are most suspicious for
corpus albicans
Which pelvic mass is commonly displayed in a normal first trimester pregnancy?
corpus luteal cyst
The cystic mass commonly noted with a pregnancy is the
corpus luteum
During the first trimester, the length of the normal umbilical cord is equal to the:
crown rump length
The best measuring method for evaluating gestational age is the:
crown rump length
Which of the following is the most accurate method of measuring gestational age?
crown rump length
Hyperechoic focus within a mature follicle most likely represents a
cumulus oophorus
A 50 year old patient presents with a history of abdominal distention. In the left adnexa, a 10 cm multilocular mass is identified this mass most likely represents.
cystadenoma
A rapid increasing pelvic mass is most suspicious for a(n):
cystadenoma
What is an inherited disorder in which mucus secreting organs, such as the lungs, pancreas, and other digestive organs, produce, thick and sticky secretions, instead of normal secretions
cystic fibrosis
A defect of the fetal lymphatic system typically results in development of a(n):
cystic hygroma
A large, mostly cystic mass, containing a thick midline septation is noted in the cervical spine region of a fetus. This most likely represents a.
cystic hygroma
Which of the following is the most common fetal neck mass?
cystic hygroma
The most common benign ovarian tumor is the
cystic teratoma
Which of the following is the most common benign ovarian neoplasm
cystic teratoma
Which of the following ovarian abnormalities may contain skin and hair
cystic teratoma
If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum will
decrease in size and progesterone levels will decrease
Fetal papyraceus is a term used to describe:
demise of a twin too large to resolve
The ovarian mass that contains fat, sebum, and teeth is the:
dermoid
Caudal regression syndrome is more commonly found in patients with
diabetes mellitus
The most common maternal cause of Macrosomia is
diabetes mellitus
A dizygotic gestation is expected to be:
dichorionic diamniotic
Twin peak sign is present with:
dichorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancy
Fertilization of the ovum occurs in the:
distal fallopian tube
A patient presents with a history of an intramural Leiomyoma. An intramural leiomyoma
distorts the myometrium
Twin gestation arising from two separate fertilized ova is termed:
dizygotic twins
All of the following are sonographic features of alobar holoprosencephaly except
dorsal cyst
The decidua capsularis and decidua parietalis produce the
double decidua sign
In the first trimester, normal hCG levels will
double every 48 hours
Normal human chorionic gonadotropin levels should:
double every 48 hours
Which of the following syndromes is more commonly associated with clinodactyly?
down
Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome may occur through:
droplet, contact and airborne exposure
Which of the following maternal conditions is most likely to result in a growth restricted fetus
drug abuse
Which of the following structures shunts blood away from the fetal lungs?
ductus arteriosus
What structure shunts blood into the IVC from the umbilical vein?
ductus venosus
A common symptom of endometriosis is
dysmenorrhea
Pain during sexual intercourse is termed
dyspareunia
Which of the following endometrial phases demonstrates the thinnest dimension
early proliferation
Which endometrial phase demonstrates the greatest dimension?
early secretory
When measuring, endometrial thickness, calipers are placed from
echogenic interface to echogenic interface
The gravest form of pregnancy-induced maternal hypertension is termed:
eclampsia
The condition in which the heart is located outside the chest wall is termed
ectopic cordis
Ultrasound examinations should only be performed with an order and proper indication EXCEPT in cases of:
educational purposes
The mean sac diameter measures gestational age before visualization of the
embryo
Gestational weeks 6 through 10 constitute the
embryonic phase
Cloacal exstrophy is associated with all of the following except:
encephalocele
Which of the following abnormalities demonstrates a cranial defect?
encephalocele
Which of the following abnormalities most likely demonstrates a normal maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) level?
encephalocele
Which of the following is the result of a cranial defect?
encephalocele
A "chocolate cyst" is a term used to describe which of the following?
endometrioma
A localized hypoechoic adnexal mass is present on serial sonograms. Ovaries appear within normal limits. Based on this clinical history, the adnexal mass is most suspicious for a(n):
endometrioma
Hypervascularity within the endometrium is a characteristic finding in
endometritis
Which of the following is an acquired cause of infertility?
endometritis
Tamoxifen therapy is most likely to affect which of the following structures
endometrium
The most common gynecological malignancy in the United States involves the:
endometrium
The spiral artery provides the primary blood supply to which of the following pelvic structures
endometrium
Common sonographic findings associated with Dandy-Walker syndrome include:
enlarged posterior fossa and absence of the cerebellar vermis
An oral teratoma is referred to as
epignathus
A consistently small fetal stomach on serial sonograms is most suspicious for which abnormality?
esophageal atresia
If the fluid-filled fetal stomach is not visualized on serial sonograms, the sonographer should suspect:
esophageal atresia
VACTERL is associated with:
esophageal atresia
Monitoring of which hormone is routine during ovarian induction therapy
estradiol
Which laboratory value determines when the ovary is ready to ovulate?
estradiol
Which of the following hormones reflectS the activity of the ovaries
estradiol
Proliferation of the endometrium is a result of:
estrogen
Which of the following governs proper conduct?
ethics
Normal fetal lung development is dependent on the:
exchange of amniotic fluid within the lungs
Which of the following is an abnormal sonographic finding during the first trimester of a pregnancy
failure to demonstrate a yolk sac within a mean sac diameter of 10 mm when using the transvaginal approach
Ectopic pregnancies are commonly located in the
fallopian tube
The location of an umbilical vein varix is most frequently within the:
fetal abdomen
Amniotic band syndrome may result in:
fetal amputation
Which of the following is not an indication for a third trimester ultrasound
fetal gender
Which of the following is not evaluated during a fetal biophysical profile?
fetal swallowing
Which of the following neoplasms is most likely associated with Meigs syndrome?
fibroma
The fingerlike extensions of the fallopian tube are called
fimbria
Symmetrical intrauterine growth restriction is most likely a result of:
first trimester insult
Which of the following is not a sonographic finding in pelvic inflammatory disease?
focal hypoechoic adnexal mass
Which of the following hormone levels can be slightly higher after menopause
follicle-stimulating hormone
Which of the following ovarian phases coincides with the proliferation phase of the endometrium?
follicular
A diagnosis of clubfoot may be made with persistent abnormal inversion of the:
foot perpendicular to the lower leg
Which of the following shunts blood between the atria of the fetal heart
foramen ovale
Which of the following structures allow communication between the right and left atria?
foramen ovale
Which of the following should not be included in the correct level for an HC measurement
fourth ventricle
Which of the following structures is not identified in the biparietal diameter?
fourth ventricle
With what structure does the posterior fossa cyst associated with DWM communicate
fourth ventricle
All of the following are clinical features of placental abruption, except
funneling of the cervix
Which fertility assistance program inserts oocytes and sperm into the fallopian tube?
gamete intrafollicular transfer
Metastatic lesionS in the adnexa are more commonly associated with a primary malignancy of the
gastrointestinal tract
Normal serum maternal alpha-fetoprotein levels vary with:
gestational age
Which of the following is not a responsibility of the sonographer?
give technical report to the patient
Which of the following is commonly used for high disinfection of ultrasound transducers?
glutaraldehyde
What term relates to the number of pregnancies a patient has had
gravida
The hormone produced by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta is
hCG
Which hormone maintains the corpus luteum during pregnancy
hCG
Which of the following is NOT considered personal protective equipment?
hair net
Comparison of abdominal circumference to the head circumference during the early third trimester, demonstrates
head circumference slightly larger than the abdominal circumference
An advance directive communicates to all health-care providers the:
health-care wishes of the patient
Abnormal accumulation of blood within the vagina is termed
hematocolpos
Which of the following characterizes veracity?
honesty
Thickness of the endometrium is dependent on:
hormone levels
With ovarian induction therapy, intramuscular injection of what hormone triggers ovulation
human chorionic gonadotropin hCG
Which of the following conditions is most likely associated with frontal bossing?
hydrocephalus
What is the most common fetal abnormality noted during an obstetric sonogram
hydronephrosis
With twin-twin transfusion syndrome, the recipient twin is likely to acquire:
hydrops fetalis
An anechoic tubular adnexal mass posterior and lateral to the uterus in an asymptomatic patient is most likely the:
hydrosalpinx
Which of the following abnormalities is most likely a consequence of pelvic inflammatory disease?
hydrosalpinx
What is the typical sonographic appearance of the endometrium during the secretory phase?
hyperechoic and thick
Sonographic appearance of a normal small bowel during the second trimester is described as
hyperechoic compared to the liver
On day 20 of the menstrual cycle the endometrium displays a:
hyperechoic functional layer and hypoechoic basal layer
Visualization of pelvic ligaments appears on Sonography as
hyperechoic linear structures
Corpus albicans appears on ultrasound as
hyperechoic mass
Which of the following complications is most likely associated with ovulation induction therapy
hyperstimulation syndrome
An increase distance between the orbits is referred to as
hypertelorism
The most common maternal factor associated with intrauterine growth restriction is
hypertension
A group of anomalies characterized by a small or an absent left ventricle is:
hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Which of the following is not consistent with the diagnosis of Nonimmune hydrops
hypoplastic mandible
Precocious puberty may indicate the possible presence of a mass of the:
hypothalamus, gonads, or adrenal gland
The pelvis is divided into the true and false pelvis by the
iliopectineal line
Subchorionic hemorrhage is a common consequence of
implantation of the conceptus
An intrauterine device should be located
in the superior corpus and fundal portion of the endometrium
Which of the following describe the typical sonographic appearance of Asherman syndrome
inability to distinguish an endometrial cavity
A bicornuate uterus is a congenital anomaly resulting from a(n):
incomplete fusion of the müllerian ducts
Regeneration of the endometrium occurs as a result of
increase in estrogen levels
Oligohydramnios in the third trimester is most likely a result of
infantile polycystic renal disease
Which of the following is transmitted through droplet exposure?
influenza
On completion of the examination, the sonographer should:
inform patient of expected time frame for examination results
When measuring the mean sac diameter, the calipers should be placed from the
inner wall to inner wall
What is the proper method to remove gloves?
inside portion is on the outside
Adherence to moral and ethical principles describes:
integrity
The Umbilical arteries arise, from which of the following vessels
internal iliac arteries
Which vessel provides the best imaging landmark for locating the ovaries?
internal iliac artery
The cervical canal extends from the:
internal os, where it joins uterine cavity, to external os, which projects into vaginal vault
Which of the following ectopic locations is most life-threatening to the patient?
interstitial
Which segment of the fallopian tube connects with the uterus
interstitial
Which segment of the fallopian tube is potentially the most life-threatening in a ruptured ectopic pregnancy?
interstitial
Which segment of the fallopian tube may be visualized under normal conditions
interstitial
The fallopian tube is divided into which of the following sections?
interstitial, isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum
Fetal TORCH is frequently associated with:
intracranial calcifications
The most common location for a uterine leiomyoma to develop is
intramural
Placentomalacia may result from which of the following conditions?
intrauterine growth restriction
The most common cause of discordant growth in dichorionic multifetal gestation is:
intrauterine growth restriction
The secondary yolk sac
is located in the chorionic cavity
Which of the following would be most difficult to detect, sonographically
isolated cleft palate
Which portion of the uterus is indistinct in the nongravid state?
isthmus
Which landmark localizes the appropriate level for measuring the abdominal circumference
junction of the left and right portal veins
The innermost layer of the Myometrium is termed, the
junctional zone
Congenital, uterine anomalies are associated with coexisting anomalies of the
kidneys
The primary source of amniotic fluid production is through the
kidneys
Amenorrhea is defined as
lack of menstrual flow
Levels of follicle, stimulating hormone begin declining in the
late follicular phase
Which phase of the endometrium demonstrates the thinnest diameter?
late menstrual
In a menarche patient, a multilayered appearance is present during which endometrial phase?
late proliferation phase
In relation to the ovaries, the external iliac vessels are located:
lateral
If a person faints, the sonographer should:
lay the person down and elevate their legs
Which portion of the fetal heart is located closest to the spine?
left atrium
The landmark used to localize the correct level for measuring abdominal circumference is:
left portal vein
The apex of the fetal heart is normally positioned toward the:
left side of the body at 45 degrees
Transvaginally, in a sagittal plane, the urinary bladder should display on which portion of the screen?
left upper
Tetralogy of Fallot consists of all of the following, except
left ventricular hypertrophy
A patient presents with a history of postmenopausal bleeding. Heterogeneous intrauterine mass is identified on sonography on the basis of the clinical history. The sonographic findings are most suspicious for.
leiomyosarcoma
Which of the following determines cervical competence
length
Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating ovarian volume?
length x width x height x 0.5233
Which of the following formulas calculates the mean sac diameter of the gestational sac
length+height+width/3
The pelvic floor is formed by pelvic
ligaments and muscles
Abdominal circumference is measured at the level of the
liver
Intrauterine growth restriction, most severely affects which fetal body organ
liver
Which of the following is associated with a nuchal cord?
long cord
Compared with a normal iUP the ectopic pregnancy will have
low hCG
Placement of the placental margin within 2 cm of the internal cervical os is termed:
low lying placenta
Ovarian volume is lowest during the
luteal phase
Which hormone is responsible for inducing ovulation during a normal menstrual cycle?
luteinizing hormone
Which of the following hormone stimulates ovulation
luteinizing hormone
An unusual protuberance of the tongue is termed
macroglossia
Which of the following is a sonographic finding associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome?
macroglossia
Complications of placenta previa include all of the following except:
macrosomia
Fetuses of diabetic mothers have an increased risk of developing:
macrosomia
Which of the following conditions increases fetal risk of injury during vaginal delivery
macrosomia
Insertion of the umbilical cord at the edge of the placenta, is referred to as
marginal cord insertion
A placenta located immediately adjacent to the cervix is termed a(n):
marginal placenta previa
Placental implantation encroaching on the internal cervical os is termed:
marginal previa
Maternal alpha-fetoprotein levels in a pregnancy with Gastroschisis will
markedly increase
Preeclampsia is a complication of pregnancy demonstrating:
maternal hypertension, proteinuria, and edema
The material collecting in the fetal intestines is termed
meconium
Peritoneal calcifications with associated dilated loops of bowel and polyhydramnios visualized in a 30 week fetus most likely represent
meconium peritonitis
Which of the following is a common cause of cardiac distress?
medication interaction
A patient complains of heavy menstrual cycles. This is most consistent with.
menorrhagia
Sirenomelia is commonly referred to as
mermaid syndrome
What is the most common fetal renal tumor?
mesoblastic nephroma
Krukenberg tumors are a result of
metastatic disease
The renal pelvis in a third trimester fetus, demonstrates an anterior posterior diameter of 10 mm this is considered
mild hydronephrosis
A solid mass of cells formed by proliferation of a fertilized ovum is termed, the
morula
Which of the following complications is commonly associated with in vitro fertilization
multiple gestations
A lemon-shaped cranium is more commonly associated with:
myelomeningocele
All the following are clinical findings associated with Leiomyoma, except
myometrial cysts
Obstruction of an inclusion cyst, results in a
nabothian cyst
Which of the following is not likely to cause infertility
nabothian cyst
Which of the following is not physiological in origin?
nabothian cyst
All of the following are sonographic signs of Ebstein Anomaly, except
narrowing of the aortic arch
Chorionic villi are more prolific
near the implantation site
The most common location of a cystic hygroma is within the
neck
Hyperechoic linear, structure, located posterior to the fetus is most likely
normal amnion
All the following are associated with omphalocele except
normal cord insertion
Coiling of the umbilical cord is associated with:
normal fetus
Presence of an embryo without visualization of the amnion is considered
normal finding
The purpose of the cephalic index is to determine:
normalcy of head shape
Fluid within the endometrial cavity is:
not included in the endometrial measurement
Fluid within, the endometrial cavity is
not included in the endometrial measurement
Risk factors associated with developing endometrial carcinoma, include
obesity, diabetes mellitus, nulliparity
Encephaloceles are typically located in which region of the calvaria?
occipital
Which portion of the fetal brain demonstrates ventriculomegaly first?
occipital horn of lateral ventricle
Direction of umbilical cord coiling is:
of no clinical significance
In the late second trimester, which sonographic finding consistently displays with renal agenesis?
oligohydramnios
A diamniotic/monochorionic multifetal pregnancy will demonstrate:
one placenta and two gestational sacs
With the gamete intrafollicular transfer technique, the:
oocytes and sperm are transferred to the fallopian tube
A bell shaped chest and multiple fetal fractures are indicative of
osteogenesis imperfecta
Demonstration of fetal bone fractures raises suspicion for which skeletal abnormality
osteogenesis imperfecta
Visualization of a fractured fetal femur is most suspicious for:
osteogenesis imperfecta
Which pelvic ligament extends from the cornua of the uterus, to the medial aspect of the Ovary?
ovarian ligament
An early onset of puberty, may be the result of a
ovarian neoplasm
A 24-year-old female patient presents to the emergency department with severe right lower quadrant pain, nausea and vomiting. The sonographic examination reveals an enlarged ovary with no detectable Doppler signal. What is the most likely diagnosis?
ovarian torsion
A coexisting adnexal mass is commonly associated with which of the following ovarian pathologies
ovarian torsion
Which of the following structures is not lined by the peritoneum?
ovary
The suspensory ligament attaches the:
ovary to pelvic wall
Mittelschmerz is associated with
ovulation
Visualization of the corpus luteal cyst indicates
ovulation has occurred
A fixed, small, hyperechoic focus within the left ventricle is most likely the:
papillary muscle
A small echogenic focus within the left ventricle of the fetal heart is most likely the
papillary muscle
A unilocular thin-walled cystic structure is identified adjacent to a normal-appearing ovary. This mass is most suspicious for a(n):
paraovarian cyst
The decidua exclusive of the area occupied by the conceptus is termed decidua
parietalis
A standard used to describe patient health-care rights is termed:
patient-care partnership
Coughing etiquette is mainly targeted at:
patients and visitors
Bilateral symmetric pelvic masses are most likely:
pelvic muscles
The most common location of an ectopic kidney is within the
pelvis
Which of the following is a surface region located below the pelvic floor?
perineum
Ovarian volume is highest during the
periovulatory phase
When measuring amniotic fluid volume, the transducer must remain
perpendicular to the maternal coronal plane and parallel to the maternal sagittal plane
Which pelvic muscle is most frequently mistaken for the ovary?
piriformis
Which of the following structures is responsible for the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone?
pituitary gland
Contaminated linens are always:
placed into a leak proof bag and placed in appropriate linen bins
When the vascular space between the placenta and myometrium is absent, the sonographer should suspect:
placenta accreta
Which of the following conditions demonstrates extension of the chorionic villi into the myometrium?
placenta increta
Extension of an anterior placenta into the maternal urinary bladder is a sonographic finding associated with:
placenta percreta
Penetration of the placenta beyond the uterine wall, would be referred to as
placenta percreta
A transverse fetal position in the late third trimester of pregnancy is most likely associated with
placenta previa
What is the most common cause of painless vaginal bleeding in the third trimester?
placenta previa
Which obstetrical condition is an indication for immediate delivery?
placental abruption
All of the following are associated with a thick placenta, except
placental insufficiency
hirsutism is a clinical symptom of
polycystic ovarian disease
Which of the following would most likely be associated with hirsutism
polycystic ovarian syndrome
The sonographic string of pearls sign is indicative of
polycystic ovary syndrome
Having more than the normal number of digits is
polydactyly
An excessive amount of amniotic fluid is termed
polyhydramnios
Duodenal atresia and esophageal atresia are associated with
polyhydramnios
The flanged portions of the iliac bones form the
posterior border of the false pelvis
Which genitourinary abnormality depends on fetal gender?
posterior urethral valve obstruction
A pregnancy is post term when the
pregnancy is longer than 42 weeks
The section of Time previous to the onset of menstruation is termed
premenarche
Reviewing pertinent diagnostic studies should be completed:
prior to beginning the examination
If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum will continue to secrete
progesterone
Which of the following hormones help to prepare the endometrium for implantation of the blastocyst
progesterone
Which of the following is the best protection against the spread of disease?
proper handwashing
What is described as the absence of the pulmonary valve which in turn prohibits blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery, and essentially to the lungs
pulmonary atresia
Pus within the Fallopian tube
pyosalpinx
Hysterosalpingogram is a(n):
radiological procedure to evaluate for fallopian tube patency
Which of the following would be most indicative of a leiomyosarcoma?
rapid growth
On serial examinations, a paraovarian cyst will
remain unchanged
Placenta accreta can be ruled out by observing a normal:
retroplacental complex
It is common to visualize a small amount of free fluid in the
retrouterine space
During the first trimester sonogram, you note a round cystic structure within the fetal head this most likely represents the
rhombencephalon
Which portion of the primitive brain displays as a prominent cystic structure?
rhombencephalon
Which chamber of the heart lies more anterior?
right atrium
Which of the following pathogens is spread through droplet exposure?
rubella
A nodular tubular adnexal mass demonstrating posterior acoustic enhancement is most suspicious for:
salpingitis
Inflammation within, the fallopian tube is termed
salpingitis
An echogenic endometrium with posterior acoustic enhancement is present during which of the following phases?
secretory
Progesterone levels increase in the
secretory phase
The endometrium displays the greatest thickness during the
secretory phase
Which uterine anomaly most likely demonstrates a slight indentation of the fundal contour
septate
Which of the following most accurately describes the sonographic appearance of a peritoneal inclusion cyst
septated fluid collection surrounding an ovary
Classic symptoms of placental abruption include:
severe pelvic pain and vaginal bleeding
What artifact would be seen posterior to a tooth within a cystic teratoma?
shadowing
Decreases in estrogen in postmenopausal patients can decrease cervical mucus and can also
shorten vaginal length
Cystic structures located within the choroid plexus:
should normally regress by 26 weeks' gestation
A cloverleaf-shaped cranium in a second trimester fetus is characteristic of:
skeletal dysplasia
Being accountable for professional judgments and decisions is an example of:
sonographer ethics
A rapid decline in serial hCG levels will most likely correlate with a
spontaneous abortion
General measures taken to keep health-care workers, patients, and the surrounding environment clean are commonly known as:
standard precautions
Washing hands before and after an examination are examples of:
standard precautions
Which of the following is not a function of the amniotic fluid?
stores protein, calcium, and iron
Which of the following is the most common placental location for deposits of fibrin to collect?
subchorionic
Which of the following is not a patient health-care right?
subjugation of self-sufficiency
A fibroid is most likely to cause, irregular uterine, bleeding in which location
submucosal
A patient presents with a history of a leiomyoma. Which location will most likely cause infertility.
submucosal
Which leiomyoma location is most likely to cause heavy irregular uterine bleeding?
submucosal
Which of the following fibroid locations is most likely to cause menorrhagia
submucosal
Which of the following fibroid locations would most likely result in abnormal uterine bleeding because of its relationship to the endometrium?
submucosal
The most common location of a cystic teratoma is
superior to the fundus
A cystic teratoma is most commonly located:
superior to the uterine fundus
A small cluster of ovarian cysts is a common sonographic finding associated with
surface epithelial cysts
Fusion of the fingers or toes is termed
syndactyly
Scarring within the endometrium caused by invasive procedures, is termed
synechiae
Doppler of the umbilical artery evaluates fetal well-being, using the
systolic/diastolic ratio
Measurement of the biparietal diameter is taken at a level to include the:
thalamic cerebri
A cloverleaf shaped skull is related to
thanatophoric dysplasia
Which skeletal abnormality is most likely to demonstrate a Cloverleaf skull
thanatophoric dysplasia
Which of the following describes a prolapsed umbilical cord?
the cord precedes the fetus in the birthing process
Clinodactyly refers to:
the inward curvature of digits
Visualization of the fetal gallbladder signifies
the presence of a biliary tree
The ovarian cyst associated with gestational trophoblastic disease is the
theca lutein cyst
Hyperstimulation of the ovaries during induction therapy will likely result in
theca lutein cysts
The ovarian cysts that are most often bilateral and are associated with markedly of elevated levels of hCG are the
theca lutein cysts
Which abnormality is associated with trophoblastic disease?
theca lutein cysts
Which of the following is an estrogen, producing ovarian tumor
thecoma
Which rare benign ovarian neoplasm occurs most often in postmenopausal women?
thecoma
The normal endometrium of a postmenopausal patient not receiving hormone replacement therapy is expected to appear:
thin and echogenic
Which of the following describes expected appearance of the endometrium in a patient using oral contraceptives
thin echogenic line
In the transverse plane, the normal fetal spine appears on ultrasound as
three equidistant ossification centers surrounding the spinal canal
The goal of intrauterine transfusion is:
to correct fetal anemia
Which of the following is a therapeutic indication for cordocentesis?
transfusion
If a fetus is lying perpendicular to the maternal sagittal plane, the fetal presentation is
transverse
A Molar pregnancy, omphalocele, and small, low set ears are found most often with
triploidy
Which of the following syndromes is associated with an extra set of chromosomes?
triploidy
A rapid increase in serial human chorionic gonadotropin levels is associated with:
trophoblastic disease
Hyperemesis is a common clinical finding associated with
trophoblastic disease
Retained products of conception can be a contributing factor of
trophoblastic disease
Which of the following illnesses may be transmitted through the air?
tuberculosis
The total breakdown of the normal adnexal anatomy is a sonographic finding associated with
tubo-ovarian abscess
In premenarche the size of the uterine cervix is expected to be
twice as large as the corpus
Which of the following abnormalities demonstrates an arteriovenous anastomosis?
twin to twin transfusion
Arteriovenous shunting within the placenta occurs with:
twin-twin transfusion syndrome
Which of the following is likely to occur if a single zygote divides 7 days after fertilization?
two amnion and one chorion
The normal umbilical cord has
two arteries and one vein
What sonographic finding confirms the presence of a diamniotic pregnancy?
two gestational sacs
A true nuchal cord is defined as:
two or more complete loops of the umbilical cord around the fetal neck
Identification of arterial flow on each side of the fetal bladder verifies which of the following?
two umbilical arteries
Which area of the embryo attaches to the amnion
umbilical insertion
Oxygenated blood enters the fetus through the
umbilical vein
Which of the following is not a sonographic finding in fetal hydrops?
umbilical vein varix
Hydronephrosis in utero is most commonly caused by an obstruction
ureteropelvic junction
Secondary blood supply to the ovaries is through the
uterine arteries
Failure of the mullerian ducts to fuse will most likely result in:
uterine didelphys
All of the following are considered risk factors for PID, except
uterine leiomyoma
Congenital malformation of the uterus that results in complete duplication of the genital tract is
uterus didelphys
The levator ani muscles are at the level of the:
vagina
Which structure would you evaluate if a patient presents with a history of a gartner cyst?
vagina
How do automated disinfectant systems decontaminate ultrasound transducers?
vaporize with hydrogen peroxide
Doppler Sonography reveals vascular structures coursing over the internal os of the cervix. This finding is indicative of.
vasa previa
Which of the following occurs when intramembranous vessels course across the internal cervical os?
vasa previa
A succenturiate placenta is at an increased risk for which of the following?
velamentous cord
Membranous insertion of the umbilical cord is termed a(n):
velamentous cord
Dangling of the choroid plexus is associated with:
ventriculomegaly
VATER demonstrates which of the following complex anomalies?
vertebral defects, anal atresia, tracheosesophageal fistula, and renal anomalies
Anterior cul-de-sac is also referred to as the
vesicouterine pouch
Which of the following is an abnormal finding in a first trimester pregnancy
visualization of the amnion without an embryo
The biophysical profile is a sonographic method of evaluating fetal
well-being
The discriminatory zone determines
when a gestational sac should be visualized
