OBGYN Test

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Interval, fetal growth can be determined with sonographic. Examination is performed a minimum of how many weeks apart.

1

The normal gestational sac will grow

1 mm per day

During ovarian induction therapy, follicles are only measured when exceeding

1.0 cm

Chorionic villi sampling is typically performed between:

10 and 12 gestational weeks

Lateral ventricular enlargement becomes ventriculomegaly after the diameter exceeds

10 mm

Normal measurement of the atrium of the lateral ventricle atria should not exceed

10 mm

The fetal heart is fully formed by

10 weeks

At what gestational age are chorionic villus sampling procedures commonly performed?

10-12 weeks

The endometrium demonstrates a triple line appearance between days

10-14

The cisterna magna should not exceed _______ in the transcerebellar plane?

10mm

The normal diameter of the lateral ventricle atria should not exceed:

10mm

Initial visualization of the hypoechoic choroid plexusEs is expected near the

10th gestational week

The term embryo is used to describe a developing zygote through the

10th gestational week

During the mid-luteal phase full luteal function is expected, if the endometrial thickness is at least

11 mm

The optimal gestational age for measuring fetal nuchal translucency is

11 weeks and zero days to 13 weeks and six days

NT measures are typically obtained between:

11-14 weeks

Ossification of the cranium begins around the

11th week

Infertility is suggested when conception, does not occur within

12 months

Normally, physiologic bowel herniation resolves by:

12 weeks

Ovulation typically occurs on day _____ of the menstrual cycle

14

In the menarche patient, the endometrial thickness should not exceed

14 mm

The fetal stomach should be visualized by

14 weeks

Maternal hypertension is defined as a systolic pressure above

140 mm Hg

Genetic testing by amniocentesis is typically performed between:

15 and 18 gestational weeks

Normally, the chorionic cavity should no longer be visible after how many gestational weeks

16

On transvaginal imaging in a normal pregnancy, cardiac activity must be identified within a gestational sac with a mean sac diameter of

16mm

Placenta previa is ruled out when the placental edge is located a minimum of what distance from the internal os?

2 cm

Placental thickness will vary with gestational age but generally measures:

2-3 cm

The normal length of the cervical os will vary, but it measures a minimum of

2.5 cm

Hands should be scrubbed a minimum of:

20 seconds

When using the hand washing technique, hands should be scrubbed for a minimum of:

20 seconds

During the ovulatory phase, normal estradiol levels range between:

200 and 400 pg/mL

Fetal hydrops resulting from fetal tachycardia most commonly demonstrates a fetal heart rate of:

200-240 bpm

The length of a normal menstrual cycle ranges between

21-35 days

polyhydramnios demonstrates an amniotic volume index greater than

24 cm

Sonographic findings associated with osteogenesis imperfecta may not be apparent before

24 weeks gestation

Choroid plexus cysts Should normally regress by.

26 weeks

The average menstrual cycle last

28 days

The cervix-to-corpus ratio of a premenarche uterus is:

2:1

Normal nuchal translucency should not exceed:

3 mm

Follicular aspiration occurs:

30 to 34 hours after administration of hCG

Visualization of the distal femoral epiphysis documents a fetus with an approximate gestational age of:

32 weeks

distal femoral epiphysis is consistently visualized by

32 weeks

Visualization of the proximal tibial epiphysis first occurs around

35 weeks gestation

Preterm labor is defined as the onset of labor before:

37 weeks gestation

In the late second trimester, anterior-posterior diameter of the normal renal pelvis should not exceed:

4 mm

The measurement of the endometrium during the early proliferative phase ranges from

4-8 mm

Macrosomia is defined as a newborn weight exceeding

4000 g

Normal maximum placental thickness in a second trimester pregnancy should not exceed:

4cm

Oligohydramnios is defined as an amniotic fluid index below

5 cm

In postmenopausal women, endometrial thickness is consistently benign when measuring:

5 mm or less

The yolk sac is abnormal after the diameter exceeds:

7mm

Biophysical profile examination of a 35 week fetus demonstrates a complete extension and flexion of lower extremities four separate fetal movements, amniotic fluid volume of 10 cm and a normal stress test. Fetal diaphragm or breathing motion is not identified on the basis of the sonographic findings the biophysical score would be.

8

Endometrial thickness of an asymptomatic postmenopausal patient denying hormone replacement therapy should not exceed

8 mm

The fetal lip typically closes by

8 weeks

Intrauterine growth restriction is defined as

A fetus that falls below the 10th percentile for gestational age

Which federal agency looks to improve the quality, safety, efficiency, and effectiveness of American health care?

AHRQ

Which of the following is associated with enlarged echogenic kidneys and microscopic renal cysts

ARPKD

Which of the following would be the most likely cause of bilateral enlarged echogenic fetal kidneys, and oligohydramnios

ARPKD

The single, most sensitive indicator of intrauterine growth restriction is

Abdominal circumference

The single, most useful biometric perimeter to assess fetal growth is the

Abdominal circumference

which of the following is not a component of prune belly syndrome

Abdominal muscle hypertrophy

Estimated fetal weight is most commonly calculated using, which of the following biometric parameters?

Abdominal, circumference, femur, length, and biparietal diameter

A disorder that results in abnormal bone growth and dwarfism is

Achondroplasia

The most common nonlethal, skeletal dysplasia is

Achondroplasia

Which of the following is the most common nonlethal, skeletal dysplasia?

Achondroplasia

Absence of the skull is

Acrania

Which of the following is most likely to mimic anencephaly?

Acrania

Diffuse uterine enlargement demonstrating diffuse myometrial anechoic areas are sonographic findings consistent with:

Adenomyosis

Invasion of a endometrial tissue into the myometrium of the uterus, is referred to as

Adenomyosis

Multiparity is a risk factor associated with which of the following abnormalities

Adenomyosis

Dilation of the third ventricle is a sonographic finding associated with?

Agenesis of the corpus callosum

Enlargement of the third ventricle is a finding associated with:

Agenesis of the corpus callosum

Outward angling of the frontal and lateral horn of the lateral ventricles is the sonographic finding in

Agenesis of the corpus callosum

Gloves should be worn with:

All patients

The most severe form of Holoprosencephaly is

Alobar

Which of the following should be assessed in a fetus presenting with genitourinary abnormality?

Amniotic fluid volume

The most common location of an ectopic pregnancy is the

Ampullary portion of the uterine tube

A cystic hygroma is the result of

An abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid within the soft tissue

The vesicouterine pouch is located

Anterior to the uterus and posterior to the urinary bladder

Which of the following best describes transposition of the great vessels

Aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle

Which of the following is a genetic disorder that includes craniosynostosis midline facial hypoplasia and syndactyly?

Apert syndrome

A lemon shaped skull is related to

Arnold-Chiari II malformation

Left ventricular, outflow tract, denotes the

Ascending aorta

Inability to distinguish, the endometrial cavity is a sonographic finding in

Asherman syndrome

The keyhole sign would be seen and all of the following situations except

Autosomal dominant polycystic renal disease

Which biometric parameter is most widely used to determine gestational age in the early second trimester?

BPD

Macroglossia is most commonly found with

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

Which of the following syndromes demonstrates a normal karyotype and is associated with hemihypertrophy?

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

Explaining the ultrasound examination is accomplished:

Before beginning the examination

An asymptomatic postmenopausal patient displays a 3 cm simple ovarian cyst. This finding is considered.

Benign

All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with ectopic pregnancy, except

Bilateral, multiloculated ovarian cysts

The following term indicates that the fiddlehead is located in the uterine fundus

Breech

Documentation of fetal position, demonstrates a frank breech presentation. This means the fetal head is located in the superior portion of the uterus and the.

Buttocks are presenting with the feet near the head

The anechoic midline brain structure located between the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles is the

CSP

Visualization of which brain structure excludes most central nervous system anomalies

CSP

Which of the following will also typically be absent with aGenesis of the corpus callosum

CSP

Head circumference is measured at a level to include the

CSP and tentorium

The initials CDC stand for:

Center for Disease Control

Nuchal thickness is measured in a plane to include the

Cerebellum, cisterna magna, CSP

The narrowing of the aortic arch is indicative of

Coarctation of the aorta

Which of the following planes demonstrate the normal fetal spine is three parallel hyperechoic lines on ultrasound

Coronal

Sonographically a normal appearing seven week IUP is identified. Within the adnexa an ovarian cystic structure with a thick hyperechoic rim is also discovered. What does this ovarian mass most likely represent

Corpus luteum cyst

A ill-defined, multilocular, complex ovarian mass is most suspicious for:

Cystadenocarcinoma

Reproductive age patient demonstrates a complex adnexal mass with the diffusely bright internal echoes. These sonographic findings most likely describes a.

Cystic teratoma

The presence of a posterior fossa cyst and agenesis of the cerebellar vermis are characteristic findings of?

Dandy-Walker malformation

Which of the following statements is true for a postmenopausal patient not receiving hormone replacement therapy?

Decreases in estrogen can shorten the vagina.

Normally, the S/D ratio:

Decreases with advancing gestation

A fetus presenting in the breech position during the third trimester may demonstrate a cranial shape that is termed

Dolichocephalic

A 38 year old pregnant woman presents to the Sonography Department for an obstetrical sonogram with abnormal maternal serum screening. Her alpha-fetoprotein and estriol are low whereas her HCG is elevated. These laboratory findings are most consistent with.

Down syndrome

Brightly echogenic bowel in the second trimester is most likely associated with which abnormality?

Down syndrome

Duodenal atresia is typically documented in one third of cases of:

Down syndrome

Inward curving of the fifth finger is a clinical finding associated with:

Down syndrome

Which of the following is also referred to as trisomy 21

Down syndrome

Congenital maldevelopment of the proximal portion of the small intestine is termed:

Duodenal atresia

Double bubble is a sonographic sign associated with

Duodenal atresia

The double bubble sign is indicative of

Duodenal atresia

Which of the following abnormalities is not associated with pulmonary hypoplasia?

Duodenal atresia

Which of the following is a sonographic finding associated with trisomy 21?

Duodenal atresia

The most common ovarian malignancy occurring in childhood is

Dysgerminoma

Megaureter and oligohydramnios are sonographic findings associated with which fetal syndrome?

Eagle-Barrett

Which of the following syndromes is manifested by dilatation of the renal collecting system?

Eagle-Barrett syndrome

The fetus becomes a major producer of amniotic fluid in the

Early second trimester

A Corpus luteum is most likely misdiagnosed as a

Ectopic pregnancy

A clenched fetal fist is commonly associated with which of the following syndromes?

Edward

All of the following are characteristics of spina bifida, occulta except

Elevated MSAFP

Which of the following is a tumor of ectopic endometrial tissue

Endometrioma

Which of the following is also referred to as a chocolate cyst

Endometrioma

Fixation of the ovaries posterior to the uterus is a sonographic findings associated with

Endometriosis

All of the following are associated with spina bifida, except

Enlarged posterior fossa

All the following are common indications for a pelvic sonogram, except

Evaluation of pelvic anatomy immediately following a motor vehicle accident

Bladder exstrophy describes

External position of the bladder

The hormone of the pituitary gland that stimulates follicular development of the ovary is

FSH

All of the following are associated with a thin, placenta, except

Fetal hydrops

Anasarca is a condition often seen in cases of:

Fetal hydrops

Which of the following ovarian neoplasm demonstrates sonographic characteristics similar to Leiomyoma

Fibroma

With what ovarian tumor is meigs syndrome, most likely associated with

Fibroma

Symmetrical, intrauterine growth restriction is more commonly a result of

First trimester insult

Which of the following is not a fetal cardiac shunt

Foramen of Monro

Which of the following most accurately describes endometriosis

Functional endometrial tissue invading the peritoneal cavity

A 24-year-old female patient presents to sonography department for a pelvic sonogram with an indication of pelvic pain. Upon sonographic interrogation, the sonographer notes an anechoic mass within the vagina. This mass most likely represents a.

Gartner duct cyst

The primary source of amniotic fluid removal is through the

Gastrointestinal tract

All of the following are sonographic features of pentalogy of Cantrell, except

Gastroschisis

Opening in the layers of the abdominal wall, with evisceration of the bowel describes which of the following abnormalities

Gastroschisis

Pelvic inflammatory disease is best described as a

General classification of inflammatory conditions

Endovaginal transducers may be cleaned by submerging in a(n) ____-based solution

Glutaraldehyde

A mature physiological cyst is termed a:

Graafian follicle

Estrogen is primarily secreted by the

Graafian follicle

The dominant follicle prior to ovulation is termed, the

Graafian follicle

What structure may be noted on the ovary just prior to ovulation

Graafian follicle

What is considered the best protection to stop the spread of disease?

Hand washing

HIPAA stands for

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

Maintaining privacy of a patient's medical and personal information is a primary concern of the:

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

Maintaining privacy of patient medical information is a primary goal of the:

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

And extrauterine and intrauterine pregnancy is termed a

Heterotopic pregnancy

All the following are associated with omphalocele except

Hirschsprung disease

A large single ventricular cavity is most suspicious for

Holoprosencephaly

Which of the following abnormalities is more commonly associated with proboscis?

Holoprosencephaly

Which of the following is a common abnormality associated with Trisomy 13?

Holoprosencephaly

Anechoic regions within brain tissue are most suspicious for

Hydranencephaly

The sonographic findings of a fluid filled cranium with absence of cerebral tissue is consistent with

Hydranencephaly

A Common sonographic finding associated with an endometrioma is a

Hypoechoic, homogeneous, adnexal mass

Which of the following is most likely associated with oligohydramnios?

IUGR

Which of the following fetal position is at most risk for cord prolapse

Incomplete breech

The fallopian tube divides into which of the following segments

Interstitial, isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum

Sonographic appearance of ovarian carcinoma is generally described as a

Irregular hypoechoic ovarian mass

The hormone that surges at ovulation is

LH

Which of the following laboratory test might be used as a tumor marker for an ovarian dysgerminoma?

Lactate dehydrogenase

Which of the following patient positions is preferred for Translabial imaging

Lithotomy

Medical imaging transducers are cleaned and sterilized according to the:

Manufacturer's recommendations

The primary cause of placentomegaly is:

Maternal diabetes

The syndrome associated with an occipital cephalocele, cystic renal disease and polydactyly is

Meckel-Gruber syndrome

An ovarian mass combined with plural effusion and ascites resolving after surgery is known as

Meigs syndrome

Acute pelvic pain during the periovulatory phase is termed, the

Mittelschmerz

Which term refers to midcycle or ovulatory pain?

Mittelschmerz

Which of the following may also be referred to as turner syndrome?

Monosomy X

An endometrioma most likely appears as a

Mostly cystic mass with low-level echoes

Demonstration of multiple unilateral renal cyst is most suspicious for

Multicystic, dysplastic kidney

All the following are associated with gastroschisis except

Multiple chromosomal abnormalities

All of the following are characteristics sonographic findings of achondrogenesis except

Multiple dislocated joints

The most common malignant, adrenal pediatric tumor is the

Neuroblastoma

Which of the following is a sonographic finding in cases of asymmetrical intrauterine growth restriction

Normal biparietal diameter

Which of the following correctly describes the expected sonographic findings with an asymmetrical intrauterine growth restriction

Normal head circumference and decrease in abdominal circumference

Echogenic debris swirling in the amniotic cavity is

Normal sonographic findings

Subcutaneous accumulation of fluid behind the fetal neck, measuring 3 mm in thickness is a

Normal, finding in the late first trimester

A large multicystic ovarian mass, in an ovarian-stimulated patient, is most suspicious for:

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

A 26 year old patient presents to the Sonography Department with the history of infertility and oligomenorrhea. Sauna graphically, he discovered that the ovaries are in large and contain multiple small follicles along the periphery with prominent echogenic stromal elements. What is the most likely diagnosis

PCOS

All of the following statements concerning PID are true, except

PID is typically a unilateral condition

Leakage of part or all of the amniotic fluid in a 32-week gestation is termed:

PROM

dysmennorhea is a term used to describe

Painful menses

What form of permanent birth control would be seen Sonicgraphically as echogenic linear structures within the lumen of both is isthmus portions of the fallopian tube

Paragards

A cystic structure located in the inferior broad ligament is most suspicious for a

Paraovarian cyst

During a pelvic sonogram, you visualize a small cyst located adjacent to the ovary. What is this most likely etiology of this cyst?

Parovarian cyst

Holoprosencephaly is most often associated with which of the following syndromes?

Patau

Trisomy 13 is also known as:

Patau syndrome

Which of the following could be described as an infection of the female, genital tract that may involve the ovaries uterus, and the fallopian tubes

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Which of the following conditions displays ectopia cordis and gastroschisis?

Pentalogy of Cantrell

A patient presents with lower abdominal pain and a palpable pelvic mass. A septated fluid collection surrounds a normal appearing right ovary. The patient has a previous history of a ruptured appendix. Based on this clinical history, the sonographic findings as most suspicious for which of the following pathologies.

Peritoneal inclusion cyst

Sonographically, you visualize a mass, extending from the distal spine of a fetus. This mass could be all of the following, except

Phocomeningocele

The migration of the embryologic bowel into the base of the umbilical cord at nine weeks is referred to as

Physiologic bowel herniation

Asymmetrical, intrauterine growth restriction is usually a result of

Placental insufficiency

Which of the following is a common sonographic findings with fetal facial abnormalities

Polyhydramnios

A patient presents with a positive pregnancy test and an hCG level of 750 mIU/mL 2nd IS. Based on this clinical history, which of the following best describes the expected sonographic findings.

Possible small gestational sac on transvaginal imaging

Fluid noted, posterior to the uterus would most likely be located within the

Pouch of Douglas

Which of the following would increase the likelihood of a fetus developing sirenomelia and caudal regression syndrome

Preexisting maternal diabetes

Which of the following sonographic findings helps to differentiate dandy walker syndrome from an arachnoid cyst

Presence of a normal vermis

Causes of female infertility include all of the following, except

Previous intrauterine device use

The most common fetal, cardiac tumor is the

Rhabdomyoma

In what location does Gastroschisis occur more often?

Right lateral of the cord insertion

A 55-year-old patient presents to the Sonography Department with a history of pelvic pressure, abdominal swelling and abnormal, uterine bleeding. A pelvic sonogram reveals a large multiloculated cystic mass with papillary projections. What is the most likely diagnosis

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

Which of the following is the most common malignancy of the Ovary

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

What condition is associated with bilateral renal agenesis oligohydramnios and fusion of the lower extremities

Sirenomelia

Clinical Standards and Code of Ethics specific for diagnostic medical sonographers has been developed and adopted by the:

Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers

A crescent shaped appearance to the cerebellum should signal sonographer to get additional attention to which of the following fetal structures

Spine

All of the following are sonographic findings of Arnold Chiari II malformation, except

Strawberry sign

A sonographic examination was performed on a pregnancy patient who complained of vaginal bleeding. Sonographically a crescent shaped anechoic area is noted adjacent to the gestational sac. The gestational sac containing a six week single live iUP. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Subchorionic hemorrhage

The uterosacral ligament extends from the lateral margins of the sacrum to the

Superior cervix

Insertion of the umbilical cord into the abdominal wall of the fetus is located at the level of

Superior to the bladder

The ovary is attached to the pelvic side wall by the

Suspensory ligament

The pelvic ligament that provides support to the ovary to the pelvic side wall is the

Suspensory ligament of the ovary

If a patient displays an endometrial thickness of 2 cm, it is considered

Suspicious for proliferation of the endometrium

Which of the following accurately describes transmission-based precautions (TBP)?

TBP must be implemented based on clinical presentation

Which of the following definitions best describes the term adnexa

The area located posterior to the broad ligaments and adjacent to the uterus

Which of the following best describes the intention of the cephalic index

The cephalic index helps to determine the normality of the fetal head shape

leiomyosarcoma of the uterus denotes

The malignant counterpart of a fibroid

Which of the following is true for the diagnosis of clubfoot

The metatarsals and toes lie in the same plane as the tibia and fibula

Which of the following most accurately describes the parimetrium?

The serosal surface of the uterus is termed, the perimetrium

Which of the following ovarian neoplasm will most likely demonstrate posterior acoustic shadowing

Thecoma

Which of the following describe the sonographic appearance of the endometrium during the late proliferation phase

Thick, hypoechoic functional layer and a hyperechoic basal layer

The BPD measurement is taken at the level of the

Third ventricle

When the Pacenta completely covers the internal os is referred to as

Total previa

An abnormal connection between the esophagus and trachea is termed

Tracheoesophageal fistula

The most frequently encountered chromosomal abnormality associated with holoprosencephaly

Trisomy 13

A strawberry shaped skull is commonly associated with

Trisomy 18

Bilateral choroid plexus cysts, micrognathia, and rockerbottom feet are sonographic findings of a 27 week fetus with an omphalocele. These findings are most consistent with

Trisomy 18

Increased nuchal fold is most likely associated with

Trisomy 21

Which of the following is most often associated with duodenal atresia

Trisomy 21

Which of the following structure secretes hCG

Trophoblastic tissue

A 25-year-old woman presents with high-grade fever, pelvic pain and leukocytosis. An ill defined complex mass is identified in the left adnexa based on this clinical history, the sonographic findings as most suspicious for.

Tubo-ovarian abscess

Which classification of osteogenesis imperfecta is most lethal?

Type II

Which classification of osteogenesis imperfecta is the most severe

Type II

Which of the following produces and removes amniotic fluid

Umbilical cord

The most common sonographic findings associated with multicystic renal dysplasia is

Unilateral, multicystic kidney

An obstruction at the ureterovesicular junction would lead to dilation of the

Ureter and renal collecting system

The cornua of the uterus is located between the

Uterine fundus and fallopian tube

Which of the following is a common clinical symptom associated with adenomyosis

Uterine tenderness

Partial fusion of the caudle Müllerian ducts will most likely result in an anomaly of the

Uterus

What is an opening within the septum separates the right and left ventricles

VSD

Which of the following is considered to be the most common cardiac defect?

VSD

A gartner cyst is located within the

Vagina

Gloves should be long enough to cover the:

Wrist

Which of the following most accurately describes an endometrioma?

a collection of ectopic endometrial tissue

What forms the chorion?

a double layer of trophoblasts

Twin-twin transfusion syndrome generally demonstrates:

a minimum fetal weight discordance of 20%

A 30-year-old patient with normal menses presents for an ultrasound on the tenth day of her cycle. The endometrial stripe is expected to demonstrate:

a thick, hypoechoic functional layer and a hyperechoic basal layer

What is the most specific measurement for determining intrauterine growth restriction and macrosomia?

abdominal circumference

Which of the following measurements is a good predictor of fetal growth

abdominal circumference

Normal embryonic herniation of the bowel permits development of the:

abdominal organs

Which of the following is a possible cause for elevated maternal alpha-fetoprotein

abdominal wall defect

In ectopic pregnancy, serial human chorionic gonadotropin levels are expected to:

abnormally increase

Which of the following procedures may use a Trocar technique?

abscess drainage

A monochorionic twin pregnancy in which one develops without an upper body is termed:

acardiac twin

Which of the following twin abnormalities demonstrates a venous-to-venous anastomosis?

acardiac twin

The presence of additional placental tissue adjacent to the main placenta is termed a(n):

accessory placenta

Growth of the placenta into the superficial myometrium is termed placenta:

accreta

A diffusely enlarged uterus demonstrating a inhomogeneous myometrium is most suspicious for:

adenomyosis

The region, including the ovary and fallopian tube, is termed, the

adnexa

Ovarian torsion is commonly associated with a coexisting

adnexal mass

All of the following are clinical features of an ectopic pregnancy, except

adnexal ring

Which of the following structures produces small amounts of estrogen

adrenal gland

All of the following are contributing factors for an ectopic pregnancy, except

advanced paternal age

The door should be closed for four hours after a patient with a(n):?

airborne pathogen

Which of the following require a patient to be placed in a private room with the door closed?

airborne pathogens

Which of the following is a responsibility of the sonographer?

all of the above

An anechoic mass is noted within the umbilical cord during routine sonographic examination. What is the most likely diagnosis?

allantoic cyst

Increased S/D ratio is associated with all of the following except:

allantoic cysts

The umbilical cord is covered by which of the following?

amnion

Which of the following lines the chorion, and contains the fetus

amnion

Herniated contents of an omphalocele are covered by a membrane consisting of?

amnion and peritoneum

A group of abnormalities associated with entrapment of fetal parts, and fetal amputations is

amniotic band syndrome

The disorder associated with fetal amputation is

amniotic band syndrome

Which of the following abnormalities increases the risk of fetal injury?

amniotic bands

Assessing the total amount of amniotic fluid within the gestational sac, using the sum of four equal quadrants is termed

amniotic fluid index

Which technique is both valid and reproducible, when assessing amniotic fluid volume

amniotic fluid index

Which of the following provides important information about fetal renal function

amniotic fluid volume

Which portion of the biophysical profile study is a chronic Marker of fetal hypoxia

amniotic fluid volume

The best diagnostic accuracy of intrauterine growth restriction is offered when evaluating the

amniotic fluid volume, estimated fetal weight, and maternal blood pressure

The segment of the fallopian tube where fertilization typically occurs is the

ampulla

Polycystic ovarian disease can result from

an endocrine imbalance

Second trimester ultrasound examinations are best in determining fetal:

anatomy

The most common neural tube defect is:

anencephaly

Which of the following abnormalities is the most common neural tube defect?

anencephaly

Which of the following sonographic findings is not associated with Meckel-Gruber syndrome?

anencephaly

The uterine position in which the corpus tilts Forward in comes in contact with the cervix describes

anteflexion

Luteinizing hormone is secreted by the

anterior pituitary gland

cavum septum pellucidi is located in the

anterior portion of the fetal brain

Which of the following correctly measures endometrial thickness

anterior-posterior dimension in the sagittal plane

The normal position of the uterus is

anteverted

Which congenital uterine anomaly does not distort the normal contour of the fundus

arcuate

Prominent anechoic structures near the periphery of the uterus, most likely represent

arcuate vessels

Which of the following most accurately describes twin-twin transfusion syndrome?

arterial blood from the donor twin is pumped into the venous system of the receiving twin

Multiple serpentine vascular structures within the myometrium in a patient complaining of abnormal bleeding following a recent dilation curettage procedure is most suspicious for which of the following abnormalities?

arteriovenous fistula

Intrauterine growth restriction is defined as a fetal weight

at or below the 10th percentile for gestational age

What refers to a person's capacity to formulate, express, and carry out value-based preferences?

autonomy

Which of the following is caused by the presence of one defective gene?

autosomal dominant

Which of the following is required of a medical facility to promote respiratory hygiene?

availability of surgical face masks

The maternal side of the developing placenta is termed decidua:

basalis

The maternal side of the placenta is formed by the decidua:

basalis

An eccentric insertion of the umbilical cord into the placenta is termed a:

battledore placenta

Insertion of the umbilical cord into the end margin of the placenta is termed a:

battledore placenta

Assessment for the presence of an ovarian cyst or dominant follicle is scheduled

before initiating ovarian induction therapy

Maximizing benefits and minimizing possible harm describes:

beneficence

Which of the following would be most likely associated with oligohydramnios?

bilateral renal agenesis

Which of the following measurements is most widely used when determining gestational age in the second trimester

biparietal diameter

Which of the following structures implants into the endometrium

blastocyst

Which of the following best describes the sonographic appearance of uterine synechiae?

bright band of echoes within the endometrium

An extrauterine mass most commonly develops on which of the following structures?

broad ligament

Which of the following attaches to the ovary?

broad ligament

which pelvic structure contains the uterine blood vessels and nerves?

broad ligament

Which of the following is the first system to function in the developing embryo?

cardiovascular

Ebstein anomaly is associated with a

cardiovascular anomaly

Which of the following fetal abnormalities is more commonly associated with diabetic patients?

caudal regression

Hydranencephaly is an abnormality of the:

cerebral cortex

Nabothian cysts are located in the:

cervix

The most common placental tumor is the

chorioangioma

Which portion of the gestational sac develops into the fetal side of the placenta?

chorion frondosum

With a normal pregnancy the first structure noted within the decidualized endometrium is the

chorionic sac

The vascular projections arising from the chorion are termed:

chorionic villi

Which of the following is not associated with hydrocephalus

choroid plexus cysts

If the maternal alpha-fetoprotein level is decreased the Sonographer, should carefully evaluate for

chromosomal abnormalities

A cystic hygroma is often associated with which of the following?

chromosomal abnormality

Which of the following conditions is most likely to demonstrate a small placenta?

chromosomal anomalies

Which of the following describes a condition where the chorionic plate of the placenta is smaller than the basal plate?

circumvallate placenta

Which placenta most likely demonstrates an overall abnormal contour?

circumvallate placenta

In biophysical profile, which of the following will document fetal tone

complete episode of flexion to extension and back to flexion

All of the following are sonographic findings, consistent with, and the adenomyosis except

complex adnexal mass

A health-care professional's duty to protect the privacy of patient information is termed:

confidentiality

Hepatitis A is an example which of the following exposures?

contact

The fallopian tubes are

contained in the superior portion of the broad ligament

Hyperechoic foci within the ovary are most suspicious for

corpus albicans

Which pelvic mass is commonly displayed in a normal first trimester pregnancy?

corpus luteal cyst

The cystic mass commonly noted with a pregnancy is the

corpus luteum

During the first trimester, the length of the normal umbilical cord is equal to the:

crown rump length

The best measuring method for evaluating gestational age is the:

crown rump length

Which of the following is the most accurate method of measuring gestational age?

crown rump length

Hyperechoic focus within a mature follicle most likely represents a

cumulus oophorus

A 50 year old patient presents with a history of abdominal distention. In the left adnexa, a 10 cm multilocular mass is identified this mass most likely represents.

cystadenoma

A rapid increasing pelvic mass is most suspicious for a(n):

cystadenoma

What is an inherited disorder in which mucus secreting organs, such as the lungs, pancreas, and other digestive organs, produce, thick and sticky secretions, instead of normal secretions

cystic fibrosis

A defect of the fetal lymphatic system typically results in development of a(n):

cystic hygroma

A large, mostly cystic mass, containing a thick midline septation is noted in the cervical spine region of a fetus. This most likely represents a.

cystic hygroma

Which of the following is the most common fetal neck mass?

cystic hygroma

The most common benign ovarian tumor is the

cystic teratoma

Which of the following is the most common benign ovarian neoplasm

cystic teratoma

Which of the following ovarian abnormalities may contain skin and hair

cystic teratoma

If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum will

decrease in size and progesterone levels will decrease

Fetal papyraceus is a term used to describe:

demise of a twin too large to resolve

The ovarian mass that contains fat, sebum, and teeth is the:

dermoid

Caudal regression syndrome is more commonly found in patients with

diabetes mellitus

The most common maternal cause of Macrosomia is

diabetes mellitus

A dizygotic gestation is expected to be:

dichorionic diamniotic

Twin peak sign is present with:

dichorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancy

Fertilization of the ovum occurs in the:

distal fallopian tube

A patient presents with a history of an intramural Leiomyoma. An intramural leiomyoma

distorts the myometrium

Twin gestation arising from two separate fertilized ova is termed:

dizygotic twins

All of the following are sonographic features of alobar holoprosencephaly except

dorsal cyst

The decidua capsularis and decidua parietalis produce the

double decidua sign

In the first trimester, normal hCG levels will

double every 48 hours

Normal human chorionic gonadotropin levels should:

double every 48 hours

Which of the following syndromes is more commonly associated with clinodactyly?

down

Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome may occur through:

droplet, contact and airborne exposure

Which of the following maternal conditions is most likely to result in a growth restricted fetus

drug abuse

Which of the following structures shunts blood away from the fetal lungs?

ductus arteriosus

What structure shunts blood into the IVC from the umbilical vein?

ductus venosus

A common symptom of endometriosis is

dysmenorrhea

Pain during sexual intercourse is termed

dyspareunia

Which of the following endometrial phases demonstrates the thinnest dimension

early proliferation

Which endometrial phase demonstrates the greatest dimension?

early secretory

When measuring, endometrial thickness, calipers are placed from

echogenic interface to echogenic interface

The gravest form of pregnancy-induced maternal hypertension is termed:

eclampsia

The condition in which the heart is located outside the chest wall is termed

ectopic cordis

Ultrasound examinations should only be performed with an order and proper indication EXCEPT in cases of:

educational purposes

The mean sac diameter measures gestational age before visualization of the

embryo

Gestational weeks 6 through 10 constitute the

embryonic phase

Cloacal exstrophy is associated with all of the following except:

encephalocele

Which of the following abnormalities demonstrates a cranial defect?

encephalocele

Which of the following abnormalities most likely demonstrates a normal maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) level?

encephalocele

Which of the following is the result of a cranial defect?

encephalocele

A "chocolate cyst" is a term used to describe which of the following?

endometrioma

A localized hypoechoic adnexal mass is present on serial sonograms. Ovaries appear within normal limits. Based on this clinical history, the adnexal mass is most suspicious for a(n):

endometrioma

Hypervascularity within the endometrium is a characteristic finding in

endometritis

Which of the following is an acquired cause of infertility?

endometritis

Tamoxifen therapy is most likely to affect which of the following structures

endometrium

The most common gynecological malignancy in the United States involves the:

endometrium

The spiral artery provides the primary blood supply to which of the following pelvic structures

endometrium

Common sonographic findings associated with Dandy-Walker syndrome include:

enlarged posterior fossa and absence of the cerebellar vermis

An oral teratoma is referred to as

epignathus

A consistently small fetal stomach on serial sonograms is most suspicious for which abnormality?

esophageal atresia

If the fluid-filled fetal stomach is not visualized on serial sonograms, the sonographer should suspect:

esophageal atresia

VACTERL is associated with:

esophageal atresia

Monitoring of which hormone is routine during ovarian induction therapy

estradiol

Which laboratory value determines when the ovary is ready to ovulate?

estradiol

Which of the following hormones reflectS the activity of the ovaries

estradiol

Proliferation of the endometrium is a result of:

estrogen

Which of the following governs proper conduct?

ethics

Normal fetal lung development is dependent on the:

exchange of amniotic fluid within the lungs

Which of the following is an abnormal sonographic finding during the first trimester of a pregnancy

failure to demonstrate a yolk sac within a mean sac diameter of 10 mm when using the transvaginal approach

Ectopic pregnancies are commonly located in the

fallopian tube

The location of an umbilical vein varix is most frequently within the:

fetal abdomen

Amniotic band syndrome may result in:

fetal amputation

Which of the following is not an indication for a third trimester ultrasound

fetal gender

Which of the following is not evaluated during a fetal biophysical profile?

fetal swallowing

Which of the following neoplasms is most likely associated with Meigs syndrome?

fibroma

The fingerlike extensions of the fallopian tube are called

fimbria

Symmetrical intrauterine growth restriction is most likely a result of:

first trimester insult

Which of the following is not a sonographic finding in pelvic inflammatory disease?

focal hypoechoic adnexal mass

Which of the following hormone levels can be slightly higher after menopause

follicle-stimulating hormone

Which of the following ovarian phases coincides with the proliferation phase of the endometrium?

follicular

A diagnosis of clubfoot may be made with persistent abnormal inversion of the:

foot perpendicular to the lower leg

Which of the following shunts blood between the atria of the fetal heart

foramen ovale

Which of the following structures allow communication between the right and left atria?

foramen ovale

Which of the following should not be included in the correct level for an HC measurement

fourth ventricle

Which of the following structures is not identified in the biparietal diameter?

fourth ventricle

With what structure does the posterior fossa cyst associated with DWM communicate

fourth ventricle

All of the following are clinical features of placental abruption, except

funneling of the cervix

Which fertility assistance program inserts oocytes and sperm into the fallopian tube?

gamete intrafollicular transfer

Metastatic lesionS in the adnexa are more commonly associated with a primary malignancy of the

gastrointestinal tract

Normal serum maternal alpha-fetoprotein levels vary with:

gestational age

Which of the following is not a responsibility of the sonographer?

give technical report to the patient

Which of the following is commonly used for high disinfection of ultrasound transducers?

glutaraldehyde

What term relates to the number of pregnancies a patient has had

gravida

The hormone produced by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta is

hCG

Which hormone maintains the corpus luteum during pregnancy

hCG

Which of the following is NOT considered personal protective equipment?

hair net

Comparison of abdominal circumference to the head circumference during the early third trimester, demonstrates

head circumference slightly larger than the abdominal circumference

An advance directive communicates to all health-care providers the:

health-care wishes of the patient

Abnormal accumulation of blood within the vagina is termed

hematocolpos

Which of the following characterizes veracity?

honesty

Thickness of the endometrium is dependent on:

hormone levels

With ovarian induction therapy, intramuscular injection of what hormone triggers ovulation

human chorionic gonadotropin hCG

Which of the following conditions is most likely associated with frontal bossing?

hydrocephalus

What is the most common fetal abnormality noted during an obstetric sonogram

hydronephrosis

With twin-twin transfusion syndrome, the recipient twin is likely to acquire:

hydrops fetalis

An anechoic tubular adnexal mass posterior and lateral to the uterus in an asymptomatic patient is most likely the:

hydrosalpinx

Which of the following abnormalities is most likely a consequence of pelvic inflammatory disease?

hydrosalpinx

What is the typical sonographic appearance of the endometrium during the secretory phase?

hyperechoic and thick

Sonographic appearance of a normal small bowel during the second trimester is described as

hyperechoic compared to the liver

On day 20 of the menstrual cycle the endometrium displays a:

hyperechoic functional layer and hypoechoic basal layer

Visualization of pelvic ligaments appears on Sonography as

hyperechoic linear structures

Corpus albicans appears on ultrasound as

hyperechoic mass

Which of the following complications is most likely associated with ovulation induction therapy

hyperstimulation syndrome

An increase distance between the orbits is referred to as

hypertelorism

The most common maternal factor associated with intrauterine growth restriction is

hypertension

A group of anomalies characterized by a small or an absent left ventricle is:

hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Which of the following is not consistent with the diagnosis of Nonimmune hydrops

hypoplastic mandible

Precocious puberty may indicate the possible presence of a mass of the:

hypothalamus, gonads, or adrenal gland

The pelvis is divided into the true and false pelvis by the

iliopectineal line

Subchorionic hemorrhage is a common consequence of

implantation of the conceptus

An intrauterine device should be located

in the superior corpus and fundal portion of the endometrium

Which of the following describe the typical sonographic appearance of Asherman syndrome

inability to distinguish an endometrial cavity

A bicornuate uterus is a congenital anomaly resulting from a(n):

incomplete fusion of the müllerian ducts

Regeneration of the endometrium occurs as a result of

increase in estrogen levels

Oligohydramnios in the third trimester is most likely a result of

infantile polycystic renal disease

Which of the following is transmitted through droplet exposure?

influenza

On completion of the examination, the sonographer should:

inform patient of expected time frame for examination results

When measuring the mean sac diameter, the calipers should be placed from the

inner wall to inner wall

What is the proper method to remove gloves?

inside portion is on the outside

Adherence to moral and ethical principles describes:

integrity

The Umbilical arteries arise, from which of the following vessels

internal iliac arteries

Which vessel provides the best imaging landmark for locating the ovaries?

internal iliac artery

The cervical canal extends from the:

internal os, where it joins uterine cavity, to external os, which projects into vaginal vault

Which of the following ectopic locations is most life-threatening to the patient?

interstitial

Which segment of the fallopian tube connects with the uterus

interstitial

Which segment of the fallopian tube is potentially the most life-threatening in a ruptured ectopic pregnancy?

interstitial

Which segment of the fallopian tube may be visualized under normal conditions

interstitial

The fallopian tube is divided into which of the following sections?

interstitial, isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum

Fetal TORCH is frequently associated with:

intracranial calcifications

The most common location for a uterine leiomyoma to develop is

intramural

Placentomalacia may result from which of the following conditions?

intrauterine growth restriction

The most common cause of discordant growth in dichorionic multifetal gestation is:

intrauterine growth restriction

The secondary yolk sac

is located in the chorionic cavity

Which of the following would be most difficult to detect, sonographically

isolated cleft palate

Which portion of the uterus is indistinct in the nongravid state?

isthmus

Which landmark localizes the appropriate level for measuring the abdominal circumference

junction of the left and right portal veins

The innermost layer of the Myometrium is termed, the

junctional zone

Congenital, uterine anomalies are associated with coexisting anomalies of the

kidneys

The primary source of amniotic fluid production is through the

kidneys

Amenorrhea is defined as

lack of menstrual flow

Levels of follicle, stimulating hormone begin declining in the

late follicular phase

Which phase of the endometrium demonstrates the thinnest diameter?

late menstrual

In a menarche patient, a multilayered appearance is present during which endometrial phase?

late proliferation phase

In relation to the ovaries, the external iliac vessels are located:

lateral

If a person faints, the sonographer should:

lay the person down and elevate their legs

Which portion of the fetal heart is located closest to the spine?

left atrium

The landmark used to localize the correct level for measuring abdominal circumference is:

left portal vein

The apex of the fetal heart is normally positioned toward the:

left side of the body at 45 degrees

Transvaginally, in a sagittal plane, the urinary bladder should display on which portion of the screen?

left upper

Tetralogy of Fallot consists of all of the following, except

left ventricular hypertrophy

A patient presents with a history of postmenopausal bleeding. Heterogeneous intrauterine mass is identified on sonography on the basis of the clinical history. The sonographic findings are most suspicious for.

leiomyosarcoma

Which of the following determines cervical competence

length

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating ovarian volume?

length x width x height x 0.5233

Which of the following formulas calculates the mean sac diameter of the gestational sac

length+height+width/3

The pelvic floor is formed by pelvic

ligaments and muscles

Abdominal circumference is measured at the level of the

liver

Intrauterine growth restriction, most severely affects which fetal body organ

liver

Which of the following is associated with a nuchal cord?

long cord

Compared with a normal iUP the ectopic pregnancy will have

low hCG

Placement of the placental margin within 2 cm of the internal cervical os is termed:

low lying placenta

Ovarian volume is lowest during the

luteal phase

Which hormone is responsible for inducing ovulation during a normal menstrual cycle?

luteinizing hormone

Which of the following hormone stimulates ovulation

luteinizing hormone

An unusual protuberance of the tongue is termed

macroglossia

Which of the following is a sonographic finding associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome?

macroglossia

Complications of placenta previa include all of the following except:

macrosomia

Fetuses of diabetic mothers have an increased risk of developing:

macrosomia

Which of the following conditions increases fetal risk of injury during vaginal delivery

macrosomia

Insertion of the umbilical cord at the edge of the placenta, is referred to as

marginal cord insertion

A placenta located immediately adjacent to the cervix is termed a(n):

marginal placenta previa

Placental implantation encroaching on the internal cervical os is termed:

marginal previa

Maternal alpha-fetoprotein levels in a pregnancy with Gastroschisis will

markedly increase

Preeclampsia is a complication of pregnancy demonstrating:

maternal hypertension, proteinuria, and edema

The material collecting in the fetal intestines is termed

meconium

Peritoneal calcifications with associated dilated loops of bowel and polyhydramnios visualized in a 30 week fetus most likely represent

meconium peritonitis

Which of the following is a common cause of cardiac distress?

medication interaction

A patient complains of heavy menstrual cycles. This is most consistent with.

menorrhagia

Sirenomelia is commonly referred to as

mermaid syndrome

What is the most common fetal renal tumor?

mesoblastic nephroma

Krukenberg tumors are a result of

metastatic disease

The renal pelvis in a third trimester fetus, demonstrates an anterior posterior diameter of 10 mm this is considered

mild hydronephrosis

A solid mass of cells formed by proliferation of a fertilized ovum is termed, the

morula

Which of the following complications is commonly associated with in vitro fertilization

multiple gestations

A lemon-shaped cranium is more commonly associated with:

myelomeningocele

All the following are clinical findings associated with Leiomyoma, except

myometrial cysts

Obstruction of an inclusion cyst, results in a

nabothian cyst

Which of the following is not likely to cause infertility

nabothian cyst

Which of the following is not physiological in origin?

nabothian cyst

All of the following are sonographic signs of Ebstein Anomaly, except

narrowing of the aortic arch

Chorionic villi are more prolific

near the implantation site

The most common location of a cystic hygroma is within the

neck

Hyperechoic linear, structure, located posterior to the fetus is most likely

normal amnion

All the following are associated with omphalocele except

normal cord insertion

Coiling of the umbilical cord is associated with:

normal fetus

Presence of an embryo without visualization of the amnion is considered

normal finding

The purpose of the cephalic index is to determine:

normalcy of head shape

Fluid within the endometrial cavity is:

not included in the endometrial measurement

Fluid within, the endometrial cavity is

not included in the endometrial measurement

Risk factors associated with developing endometrial carcinoma, include

obesity, diabetes mellitus, nulliparity

Encephaloceles are typically located in which region of the calvaria?

occipital

Which portion of the fetal brain demonstrates ventriculomegaly first?

occipital horn of lateral ventricle

Direction of umbilical cord coiling is:

of no clinical significance

In the late second trimester, which sonographic finding consistently displays with renal agenesis?

oligohydramnios

A diamniotic/monochorionic multifetal pregnancy will demonstrate:

one placenta and two gestational sacs

With the gamete intrafollicular transfer technique, the:

oocytes and sperm are transferred to the fallopian tube

A bell shaped chest and multiple fetal fractures are indicative of

osteogenesis imperfecta

Demonstration of fetal bone fractures raises suspicion for which skeletal abnormality

osteogenesis imperfecta

Visualization of a fractured fetal femur is most suspicious for:

osteogenesis imperfecta

Which pelvic ligament extends from the cornua of the uterus, to the medial aspect of the Ovary?

ovarian ligament

An early onset of puberty, may be the result of a

ovarian neoplasm

A 24-year-old female patient presents to the emergency department with severe right lower quadrant pain, nausea and vomiting. The sonographic examination reveals an enlarged ovary with no detectable Doppler signal. What is the most likely diagnosis?

ovarian torsion

A coexisting adnexal mass is commonly associated with which of the following ovarian pathologies

ovarian torsion

Which of the following structures is not lined by the peritoneum?

ovary

The suspensory ligament attaches the:

ovary to pelvic wall

Mittelschmerz is associated with

ovulation

Visualization of the corpus luteal cyst indicates

ovulation has occurred

A fixed, small, hyperechoic focus within the left ventricle is most likely the:

papillary muscle

A small echogenic focus within the left ventricle of the fetal heart is most likely the

papillary muscle

A unilocular thin-walled cystic structure is identified adjacent to a normal-appearing ovary. This mass is most suspicious for a(n):

paraovarian cyst

The decidua exclusive of the area occupied by the conceptus is termed decidua

parietalis

A standard used to describe patient health-care rights is termed:

patient-care partnership

Coughing etiquette is mainly targeted at:

patients and visitors

Bilateral symmetric pelvic masses are most likely:

pelvic muscles

The most common location of an ectopic kidney is within the

pelvis

Which of the following is a surface region located below the pelvic floor?

perineum

Ovarian volume is highest during the

periovulatory phase

When measuring amniotic fluid volume, the transducer must remain

perpendicular to the maternal coronal plane and parallel to the maternal sagittal plane

Which pelvic muscle is most frequently mistaken for the ovary?

piriformis

Which of the following structures is responsible for the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone?

pituitary gland

Contaminated linens are always:

placed into a leak proof bag and placed in appropriate linen bins

When the vascular space between the placenta and myometrium is absent, the sonographer should suspect:

placenta accreta

Which of the following conditions demonstrates extension of the chorionic villi into the myometrium?

placenta increta

Extension of an anterior placenta into the maternal urinary bladder is a sonographic finding associated with:

placenta percreta

Penetration of the placenta beyond the uterine wall, would be referred to as

placenta percreta

A transverse fetal position in the late third trimester of pregnancy is most likely associated with

placenta previa

What is the most common cause of painless vaginal bleeding in the third trimester?

placenta previa

Which obstetrical condition is an indication for immediate delivery?

placental abruption

All of the following are associated with a thick placenta, except

placental insufficiency

hirsutism is a clinical symptom of

polycystic ovarian disease

Which of the following would most likely be associated with hirsutism

polycystic ovarian syndrome

The sonographic string of pearls sign is indicative of

polycystic ovary syndrome

Having more than the normal number of digits is

polydactyly

An excessive amount of amniotic fluid is termed

polyhydramnios

Duodenal atresia and esophageal atresia are associated with

polyhydramnios

The flanged portions of the iliac bones form the

posterior border of the false pelvis

Which genitourinary abnormality depends on fetal gender?

posterior urethral valve obstruction

A pregnancy is post term when the

pregnancy is longer than 42 weeks

The section of Time previous to the onset of menstruation is termed

premenarche

Reviewing pertinent diagnostic studies should be completed:

prior to beginning the examination

If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum will continue to secrete

progesterone

Which of the following hormones help to prepare the endometrium for implantation of the blastocyst

progesterone

Which of the following is the best protection against the spread of disease?

proper handwashing

What is described as the absence of the pulmonary valve which in turn prohibits blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery, and essentially to the lungs

pulmonary atresia

Pus within the Fallopian tube

pyosalpinx

Hysterosalpingogram is a(n):

radiological procedure to evaluate for fallopian tube patency

Which of the following would be most indicative of a leiomyosarcoma?

rapid growth

On serial examinations, a paraovarian cyst will

remain unchanged

Placenta accreta can be ruled out by observing a normal:

retroplacental complex

It is common to visualize a small amount of free fluid in the

retrouterine space

During the first trimester sonogram, you note a round cystic structure within the fetal head this most likely represents the

rhombencephalon

Which portion of the primitive brain displays as a prominent cystic structure?

rhombencephalon

Which chamber of the heart lies more anterior?

right atrium

Which of the following pathogens is spread through droplet exposure?

rubella

A nodular tubular adnexal mass demonstrating posterior acoustic enhancement is most suspicious for:

salpingitis

Inflammation within, the fallopian tube is termed

salpingitis

An echogenic endometrium with posterior acoustic enhancement is present during which of the following phases?

secretory

Progesterone levels increase in the

secretory phase

The endometrium displays the greatest thickness during the

secretory phase

Which uterine anomaly most likely demonstrates a slight indentation of the fundal contour

septate

Which of the following most accurately describes the sonographic appearance of a peritoneal inclusion cyst

septated fluid collection surrounding an ovary

Classic symptoms of placental abruption include:

severe pelvic pain and vaginal bleeding

What artifact would be seen posterior to a tooth within a cystic teratoma?

shadowing

Decreases in estrogen in postmenopausal patients can decrease cervical mucus and can also

shorten vaginal length

Cystic structures located within the choroid plexus:

should normally regress by 26 weeks' gestation

A cloverleaf-shaped cranium in a second trimester fetus is characteristic of:

skeletal dysplasia

Being accountable for professional judgments and decisions is an example of:

sonographer ethics

A rapid decline in serial hCG levels will most likely correlate with a

spontaneous abortion

General measures taken to keep health-care workers, patients, and the surrounding environment clean are commonly known as:

standard precautions

Washing hands before and after an examination are examples of:

standard precautions

Which of the following is not a function of the amniotic fluid?

stores protein, calcium, and iron

Which of the following is the most common placental location for deposits of fibrin to collect?

subchorionic

Which of the following is not a patient health-care right?

subjugation of self-sufficiency

A fibroid is most likely to cause, irregular uterine, bleeding in which location

submucosal

A patient presents with a history of a leiomyoma. Which location will most likely cause infertility.

submucosal

Which leiomyoma location is most likely to cause heavy irregular uterine bleeding?

submucosal

Which of the following fibroid locations is most likely to cause menorrhagia

submucosal

Which of the following fibroid locations would most likely result in abnormal uterine bleeding because of its relationship to the endometrium?

submucosal

The most common location of a cystic teratoma is

superior to the fundus

A cystic teratoma is most commonly located:

superior to the uterine fundus

A small cluster of ovarian cysts is a common sonographic finding associated with

surface epithelial cysts

Fusion of the fingers or toes is termed

syndactyly

Scarring within the endometrium caused by invasive procedures, is termed

synechiae

Doppler of the umbilical artery evaluates fetal well-being, using the

systolic/diastolic ratio

Measurement of the biparietal diameter is taken at a level to include the:

thalamic cerebri

A cloverleaf shaped skull is related to

thanatophoric dysplasia

Which skeletal abnormality is most likely to demonstrate a Cloverleaf skull

thanatophoric dysplasia

Which of the following describes a prolapsed umbilical cord?

the cord precedes the fetus in the birthing process

Clinodactyly refers to:

the inward curvature of digits

Visualization of the fetal gallbladder signifies

the presence of a biliary tree

The ovarian cyst associated with gestational trophoblastic disease is the

theca lutein cyst

Hyperstimulation of the ovaries during induction therapy will likely result in

theca lutein cysts

The ovarian cysts that are most often bilateral and are associated with markedly of elevated levels of hCG are the

theca lutein cysts

Which abnormality is associated with trophoblastic disease?

theca lutein cysts

Which of the following is an estrogen, producing ovarian tumor

thecoma

Which rare benign ovarian neoplasm occurs most often in postmenopausal women?

thecoma

The normal endometrium of a postmenopausal patient not receiving hormone replacement therapy is expected to appear:

thin and echogenic

Which of the following describes expected appearance of the endometrium in a patient using oral contraceptives

thin echogenic line

In the transverse plane, the normal fetal spine appears on ultrasound as

three equidistant ossification centers surrounding the spinal canal

The goal of intrauterine transfusion is:

to correct fetal anemia

Which of the following is a therapeutic indication for cordocentesis?

transfusion

If a fetus is lying perpendicular to the maternal sagittal plane, the fetal presentation is

transverse

A Molar pregnancy, omphalocele, and small, low set ears are found most often with

triploidy

Which of the following syndromes is associated with an extra set of chromosomes?

triploidy

A rapid increase in serial human chorionic gonadotropin levels is associated with:

trophoblastic disease

Hyperemesis is a common clinical finding associated with

trophoblastic disease

Retained products of conception can be a contributing factor of

trophoblastic disease

Which of the following illnesses may be transmitted through the air?

tuberculosis

The total breakdown of the normal adnexal anatomy is a sonographic finding associated with

tubo-ovarian abscess

In premenarche the size of the uterine cervix is expected to be

twice as large as the corpus

Which of the following abnormalities demonstrates an arteriovenous anastomosis?

twin to twin transfusion

Arteriovenous shunting within the placenta occurs with:

twin-twin transfusion syndrome

Which of the following is likely to occur if a single zygote divides 7 days after fertilization?

two amnion and one chorion

The normal umbilical cord has

two arteries and one vein

What sonographic finding confirms the presence of a diamniotic pregnancy?

two gestational sacs

A true nuchal cord is defined as:

two or more complete loops of the umbilical cord around the fetal neck

Identification of arterial flow on each side of the fetal bladder verifies which of the following?

two umbilical arteries

Which area of the embryo attaches to the amnion

umbilical insertion

Oxygenated blood enters the fetus through the

umbilical vein

Which of the following is not a sonographic finding in fetal hydrops?

umbilical vein varix

Hydronephrosis in utero is most commonly caused by an obstruction

ureteropelvic junction

Secondary blood supply to the ovaries is through the

uterine arteries

Failure of the mullerian ducts to fuse will most likely result in:

uterine didelphys

All of the following are considered risk factors for PID, except

uterine leiomyoma

Congenital malformation of the uterus that results in complete duplication of the genital tract is

uterus didelphys

The levator ani muscles are at the level of the:

vagina

Which structure would you evaluate if a patient presents with a history of a gartner cyst?

vagina

How do automated disinfectant systems decontaminate ultrasound transducers?

vaporize with hydrogen peroxide

Doppler Sonography reveals vascular structures coursing over the internal os of the cervix. This finding is indicative of.

vasa previa

Which of the following occurs when intramembranous vessels course across the internal cervical os?

vasa previa

A succenturiate placenta is at an increased risk for which of the following?

velamentous cord

Membranous insertion of the umbilical cord is termed a(n):

velamentous cord

Dangling of the choroid plexus is associated with:

ventriculomegaly

VATER demonstrates which of the following complex anomalies?

vertebral defects, anal atresia, tracheosesophageal fistula, and renal anomalies

Anterior cul-de-sac is also referred to as the

vesicouterine pouch

Which of the following is an abnormal finding in a first trimester pregnancy

visualization of the amnion without an embryo

The biophysical profile is a sonographic method of evaluating fetal

well-being

The discriminatory zone determines

when a gestational sac should be visualized


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