OB/PEDS (Workbook) 44 & 42

A 4-month-old has had a fever, vomiting, and loose watery stools every few hours for 2 days. The mother calls the physician's office and asks the nurse what she should do. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

"Bring the child to office today so we can evaluate her fluid balance and determine the best treatment."

A nurse is caring for a 6-year-old boy with a history of encopresis. What is the best way to approach the parents to assess for proper laxative use?

"Describe his bowel movements for the past week"

The nurse is providing instructions to the parents of a 10-year-old boy who has undergone a barium swallow/upper and lower GI for suspected inflammatory bowel disease. Which of the following instructions is most important?

"It is very important to drink lots of water and fluids after the test is finished"

A nurse is caring for a 6 year old girl recently diagnosed with celiac disease and is discussing dietary restrictions with the girl's mother. Which response indicates a need for further teaching?

"My daughter can eat any kind of fruit."

The adolescent has been diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which statements by the teen indicate that adequate learning has occurred?

"This famotidine may make me tired" "The omeprazole could give me a headache" "It sounds like the physician is reluctant to give me a prokinetic because of the side effects"

The young The young child has been diagnosed with hepatitis B. Which of the following statements by the child's mother indicates that further education is required?

"We went swimming in a local lake 2 months ago and i just knew she drank some of the lake water" "The only way you can get this virus is from intravenous drug use"

The nurse is caring for a 13-year-old girl with suspected autoimmune hepatitis. The girl inquires about the testing required to evaluate the condition. How should the nurse respond?

"You will most likely have a blood test to check for certain antibodies"

The newborn's stomach capacity is

10 to 20 mL

Which client most likely has ulcerative colitis rather than Crohn disease?

16-year-old female with continuous distribution of disease in the colon, distal to proximal

The liver is relatively large at birth and may be easily palpable up to _________.

2 cm below the costal margin

Chronic diarrhea is diarrhea that lasts for more than _____

2 weeks

The child has been diagnosed with severe dehydration. The physician has ordered the nurse to administer a bolus of 20 mL/kg of normal saline over a 2-hour period. The child weighs 63.5 lb (28.8 kg). At which mL/hr should the nurse set the child's intravenous administration pump? Record your answer using a whole number

289

The infant is listless with sunken fontanels and has been diagnosed with dehydration. The infant is still producing at least 1 mL/kg each hour of urine. The infant weighs 13.2 lb (6kg). At the minimum, how many milliliters of urine will the infant produce during the next 8-hour shift? Record your answer using a whole number

48

Absence of bowel sounds can be determined after a __-minute period of auscultation.__________________________

5

The nurse is conducting a physical examination of an infant with suspected pyloric stenosis. Which finding indicates pyloric stenosis?

Hard, movable "olive-like mass" in the upper right quadrant

The nurse is obtaining the history of an infant with a suspected intestinal obstruction. Which response regarding newborn stool patterns would indicate a need for further evaluation for Hirschsprung disease?

Passed a meconium plug

The emergency department nurse is assessing a child who has presented with a 2-day history of nausea and vomiting with pain that is isolated to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Which action is most appropriate

Prepare the child for admission to the hospital

The nurse is assessing a 10-day-old infant for dehydration. Which finding indicates severe dehydration?

Tenting of skin

A 3-year-old child has been brought to the clinic for assessment because of frequent episodes of constipation. After ruling out an organic cause, the child's plan of care should prioritze

administration over the counter stool softeners on a temporary basis

Biliary __________ is an absence of some or all of the major biliary ducts, resulting in obstruction of bile flow

atresi

In abdominal assessment, auscultation is completed ____________ palpation and percussion.

before

Behavioral therapy and counseling may be necessary for children who have functional __________.

constipation and stool withholding

_____________ are the shortening and hardening of muscles, tendons, or tissues leading to fixated and stiff joints.

contractures

_______ occurs more readily in infants and young children than it does in adults.

dehydration

______________ is the inability to swallow or difficulty swallowing.

dysphagia

The term "overuse syndrome" refers to a group of several disorders that result from repeated _______ applied to normal tissue.

force

Oral candidiasis is a _____ infection of the oral mucosa

fungal

The most common anomalies associated with cleft lip and palate include ________ defects, ear malformations, skeletal deformities, and genitourinary abnormality.

heart

The ______ infant will feel rigid, extending the trunk and legs.

hypertonic

The ______ infant will feel as though he or she is slipping through the examiner's hands.

hypotonic

_____ is a normal developmental variation.

internal tibial torsion

The proximal segment of the bowel telescoping into a more distal segment of the bowel is known as

intussusception

The first stool of the newborn is called ___________.

meconium

Cerebral palsy is a disorder caused by abnormal development of, or damage to, the _______ areas of the brain.

motor

The gastrointestinal tract includes all of the structures from the __________ to the anus.

mouth

Sensitivity to latex is common among children with ________.

myelomeningocele

_____ account for the majority of congenital anomalies of the central nervous system.

neural tube defects

Frequent ___________________ are an important assessment of an injured extremity to identify signs of compromise early.

neurovascular checks

The small intestine is _____ at birth.

not fully functional

Treatment modalities to promote mobility include ______________, pharmacologic management, and surgery.

physiotherapy

_________ supplementation while a child is taking antibiotics for other disorders may reduce the incidence of antibiotic-related diarrhea

probiotic

The ___________ is the lower orifice of the stomach opening into the duodenum.

pyloric antrum

Vomiting is a reflex with three different phases. The first phase is the prodromal period, the second phase is _______ and the third phase is vomiting

retching

Many infants, under the age of one, regurgitate small amounts for _______.

several months

The kidneys are ordinarily easier to palpate in neonates due to their

small size

Primary signs of cerebral palsy include motor impairments such as _______, which is lack of coordination of muscle movements during voluntary movements such as walking or picking up objects.

spasticity, muscle weakness, and ataxia

Spinal muscular atrophy is a genetic motor neuron disease that affects the ___________ nerves' ability to communicate with the muscles.

spinal

Cholelithiasis is the presence of _______ in the gallbladder

stones

Developmental dysplasia of the hip refers to abnormalities of the developing hip that include dislocation, dysplasia, and _______ of the hip joint.

subluxation