OCE 1001 FINALS REVIEW
increases the ability to absorb nutrients, the ability of wastes to diffuse out of the organism, and also increases the surface area to volume ratio that in turn reduces frictional resistance to sinking
A small size is advantageous for marine organisms because it ________. increases the ability to absorb nutrients increases the ability to absorb nutrients, the ability of wastes to diffuse out of the organism, and also increases the surface area to volume ratio that in turn reduces frictional resistance to sinking increases the surface area to volume ratio that in turn reduces frictional resistance to sinking increases the ability of wastes to diffuse out of the organism
one high tide and one low tide daily
An area that experiences diurnal tides will have ________. two high tides and two low tides of nearly equal height daily two unequal low and high tides daily one low tide and two high tides daily one high tide and one low tide daily one high tide and two low tides daily
two high tides and two low tides of nearly equal height daily
An area that experiences semidiurnal tides will have ________. one high tide and one low tide daily two high tides and two low tides of nearly equal height daily one high tide and two low tides daily two unequal low and high tides daily one low tide and two high tides daily
15 miles per hour
Approximately how fast do tidal bores move? 25 miles per hour 20 miles per hour 10 miles per hour 15 miles per hour
increases and its wavelength decreases
As a wave begins to feel bottom near a shoreline, its wave height ________. increases and its wavelength remains the same increases and its wavelength decreases decreases and its wavelength increases decreases and its steepness decreases increases and its frequency decreases
Somali Current
Between summer and winter, which of the following currents reverses its flow direction? Brazil Current California Current Florida Current Somali Current Falkland Current
eastern; Northern
Conditions for the development of wave energy are least optimal along ________ shores in the ________ Hemisphere. eastern; Northern eastern; Southern western; Northern western; Southern
western; Southern
Conditions for the development of wave energy are most optimal along ________ shores in the ________ Hemisphere. eastern; Northern eastern; Southern western; Northern western; Southern
downwelling; low
Converging surface waters are areas of ________ and ________ productivity. upwelling; low upwelling; high downwelling; high downwelling; low
24 hours 50 minutes
Diurnal tides have a tidal period of ________. 25 hours 30 minutes 24 hours 24 hours 30 minutes 26 hours 24 hours 50 minutes
upwelling; high
Diverging surface waters are areas of ________ and ________ productivity. upwelling; low downwelling; low downwelling; high upwelling; high
Flow from land to sea and are dry
During winter months, monsoon winds over the Indian Ocean: flow from sea to land and are wet flow from sea to land and are dry flow from land to sea and are dry flow from land to sea and are wet The direction of airflow is unchanged but precipitation increases.
10-15 years
El Niño conditions occur on average about every ________. 10-15 years 2-10 years 15-20 years 20-25 years 1-2 years
1-10 terawatts
Estimates suggest that the global resource for wave energy lies between ________. 1-10 terawatts 31-140 terawatts 21-30 terawatts 11-20 terawatts
Strong trade winds
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Flooding rains in southeastern United States Decreased fish stock in coastal Peru Peruvian upwelling stops Strong trade winds Australian drought
California
Grunion are common in which state? Texas Tennessee Nevada California New York
deposition and erosion
Grunion spawning patterns have evolved to take advantage of ________ associated with tides. deposition and erosion gravitational attractions nutrient rich water water temperatures whirlpools and maelstroms
20-30 years
How long does the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) last? 40-50 years 20-30 years 10-15 years 100 years
spilling breaker
If a surfer wishes to have a really long ride, what type of wave should he or she look for? Plunging breakers Spilling breakers Surf Gravity waves Swells
Portugal
In 2008, Pelamis Wave Power completed the world's first wave farm off the coast of northern ________. Ireland Portugal Indonesia Italy England
South Korea
In 2011, which country installed a tidal power plant capable of producing 254 megawatts of electricity? North Korea South Korea Italy China Asia
The ebb current betwen the hiher high water tide and the lower low water tide
In a bay experiencing a mixed tidal pattern, which of the following represents the highest ebb or flood velocity? The ebb current between the higher high water tide and the lower low water tide The ebb current between the lower high water tide and the higher low water tide The flood current between the lower low water tide and the lower low water tide The few minutes during the highest high slack water The flood current between the higher low water tide and the higher low water tide
the Pacific coast
In the United States, mixed tides commonly occur along ________. the Florida Keys Cape Cod the Gulf of Mexico coast the Atlantic coast the Pacific coast
Atlantic coast
In the United States, semidiurnal tides commonly occur along the ________. Atlantic coast Florida Keys Pacific coast Gulf of Mexico coast Gulf of Alaska
1883
In which year did Krakatau erupt? 1881 1880 1882 1883 1884
1700
In which year did a large earthquake occur along the Cascadia Subduction Zone? 1703 1705 1710 1700 1690
1985
In which year was the Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere (TOGA) program initiated? 1982 1985 1984 1981 1983
2000
In which year was the first commercial-scale wave power plant began generating electricity? 1990 2005 1995 2000 2010
The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: A tidal bore is a true tidal wave BECAUSE it is a wave created by the tides. The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect. The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct. The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid. Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: India's Northeast Monsoon provides little precipitation BECAUSE it occurs during the winter. The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect. Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect. The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct. The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: India's Southwest Monsoon provides abundant precipitation BECAUSE the air brought in from the Indian Ocean is warm and full of moisture. The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect. Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect. The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct. The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid. The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The Bay of Fundy is a prime target for tidal power BECAUSE it has the largest tidal range in the world. Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect. The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect. The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid. The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The Equatorial Countercurrent is much better developed in the Pacific Ocean than in the Atlantic BECAUSE the Pacific Ocean basin is larger and more unobstructed than the Atlantic Ocean. The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect. The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid. The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct. Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The Severn Estuary is a prime target for tidal power BECAUSE it separates England and Wales. The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect. The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct. Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect. The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The variable flow of tidal currents in two directions is an obstacle to efficient electricity generation by a tidal power plant BECAUSE electrical turbines run best when they run at a constant velocity. The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid. Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect. The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct. The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
12 hours 25 minutes
Mixed tides have a period of ________. 13 hours 25 minutes 13 hours 12 hours 25 minutes 12 hours 12 hours 50 minutes
benthic environment
Most marine species are found in the ________. pelagic environment mesopelagic environment oceanic environment bathypelagic environment benthic environment
associated with continental shelves
Neritic marine environments would be found ________. in subduction zones at mid-ocean ridges associated with continental shelves deep in the ocean basin within a deep-sea trench
wave reflection
Standing waves may be caused by ________. wave reflection destructive interference wave refraction wave diffraction a storm surge
60,000
The 24-unit tidal power plant at the La Race River estuary in France can generate, at peak operating capacity, enough electricity to power about ________ average U.S. homes. 60,000 50,000 30,000 40,000 24,000
West Wind Drift
The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is also known as which of the following? Peru (Humboldt) Current West Wind Drift Benguela Current East Australian Current South Equatorial Current
very high tidal range
The Bay of Fundy is well known for which tidal characteristic? Two amphidromic points Very large seiche Very low tidal range Very high tidal range A diurnal tide
the relationship between sea surface temperature and changing atmospheric pressure
The El Niño Southern Oscillation can best be described as ________. tidal differences between coastal Peru and Darwin, Australia variation in wind speed over the Pacific Ocean the relationship between sea surface temperature and changing atmospheric pressure relative changes between two different atmospheric pressure systems at high altitude wind speed and wind direction differences along the equator
Norway
The Maelstrom off the coast of ________ is one of the strongest whirlpools in the world. Japan Norway Scotland Canada Italy
North Atlantic Current
The North Atlantic Drift is also called the ________. Labrador Current Norwegian Current North Atlantic Current Canary Current
North Atlantic
The Sargasso Sea is the water that circulates around the rotation center of the ________ gyre. North Pacific Indian Ocean South Atlantic South Pacific North Atlantic
Amazon River
The ________ is the longest estuary affected by oceanic tides. Tygarts River Yangtze River Amazon River Mississippi River Nile River
aphotic
The ________ zone has no light, and it exists below about 1000 meters (3300 feet). aphotic epiphotic disphotic euphotic
epipelagic zone
The ________ zone is from the surface to a depth of 200 meters. epipelagic abyssopelagic mesopelagic bathypelagic
amphidromic point
The center of an open ocean tidal system is called a(n) ________. seiche rotary center tidal flux amphidromic point cotidal center
epipelagic zone
The euphotic zone is confined to the ________. epipelagic zone neritic province mesopelagic zone abyssopelagic zone bathypelagic zone
capillary wave
The first wave that forms when the wind begins to blow across the ocean surface is a ________. wind waves capillary wave tsunami seiche tide
About halfway between high and low tides
The maximum tidal currents are reported ________. at low tide in the intertidal zone at high tide during neap tides about half way between high and low tides
mixed tides
The most common tidal pattern around the world are ________. spring tides semidiurnal tides diurnal tides mixed tides proxigean tides
12 terawatts
The world currently produces about ________ from all sources. 10 terawatts 14 terawatts 16 terawatts 12 terawatts
pycnocline
Upwelling occurs in high-latitude regions, where there is no ________. mixed layer pycnocline halocline thermocline
orbital waves
Water waves are: orbital waves refracted waves capillary waves transverse waves longitudinal waves
wave refraction
Waves converge on headlands due to ________. destructive interference constructive interference wave refraction wave diffraction wave reflection
water depth = wavelength/20
Waves in the surf zone begin to behave like shallow-water waves when ________. wavelength < wave height distance from shore < wavelength steepness = 1:7 water depth = wavelength/20 water depth = wave height
plunging breakers
Waves that are breaking along the shore and are forming a curling crest over an air pocket are called ________. surf plunging breakers spilling breakers gravity waves swells
1 million cubic meters per second
What is the flow rate for one Sverdrup? 4 million cubic meters per second 1 million cubic meters per second 3 million cubic meters per second 2 million cubic meters per second
4 years
What is the maximum age for grunion? 2 years 1 year 3 years 5 years 4 years
90%
What percentage of an icebergs mass is below the waterline? 60% 50% 90% 80% 70%
cold core rings
When a meander from the Gulf Stream pinches off and isolates a body of water within the North Atlantic gyre, the body of water is called a ________. Langmuir cell geostrophic circulation warm core ring cold core ring cyclonic circulation
1920s
When was the Walker Circulation Cell first described? 1940s 1930s 1920s 1950s 1960s
China
Where are the largest tidal bores in the world located? Answer China United states Europe Australia Africa
Spain
Where is the world's only commercially operated wave energy plant located? Italy Portugal Rome Spain England
pancake ice
Which feature forms right after liquid slush develops? Pancake ice Ice floes Icebergs Pressure ridges
South Equatorial Current
Which of the following Atlantic Subtropical gyre boundary currents is split into two by a large landmass? South Equatorial Current North Atlantic Current Brazil Current Canary Current Benguela Current North Atlantic Current Brazil Current Canary Current Benguela Current
NACSW
Which of the following North Atlantic Water Masses has the highest temperatures? NACSW AABW MIW NADW AAIW
AABW (Antarctic Bottom Water)
Which of the following North Atlantic Water Masses has the lowest temperatures? MIW NACSW AAIW NADW AABW
fault movement
Which of the following caused the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004? Fault movement Landslide Meteorite impact Volcanic eruption
underwater landslide
Which of the following caused the anomalously large tsunami in Papua New Guinea in 1998? Meteorite impact Volcanic eruption Fault movement underwater landslide
volcanic eruption
Which of the following caused the tsunami at Krakatau in 1883? Meteorite impact Volcanic eruption Fault movement Landslide
fault movement
Which of the following caused the tsunami that killed 159 people in 1946? Volcanic eruption Meteorite impact Fault movement Landslide
Severn Esturary
Which of the following existing or proposed tidal power plants would, upon completion, produce the most electricity? Cook Inlet Annapolis River Severn Estuary Sihwa Lake La Race River
Along the Atlantic coast
Which of the following is a common area for semidiurnal tides? Along the Great lakes coast Along the Atlantic coast Along the Gulf coast Along the Pacific coast
WW
Which of the following is considered a cold current? NP SE EC WW NE
WA
Which of the following is considered a cold current? WA SE SM S
K
Which of the following is considered a warm current? O K P C WW
Coast of California
Which of the following is not a location for a whirlpool? Bay of Funday Strait of Messina Japan's Shikoku Island Coast of California West coast of Scotland
meteorite impacts
Which of the following is the least frequent cause of a tsunami in recent centuries? Meteorite impacts Volcanic eruptions Fault movement Landslides
both ebb tides and flood tides
Which of the following produces a tidal current? Both neap tides and spring tides Flood tide Spring tide Both ebb tides and flood tides Ebb tide
Quiantang
Which of the following rivers has the largest tidal bores in the world? Mississippi Qiantang Thames Amazon Mekon
Severn River
Which of the following rivers is the second largest tidal range in the world? Ure River Severn River Trent River Fleet River Thames River
Grunion are the only marine fish that comes completely out of water to spawn.
Which of the following statements about Grunion is correct? Grunion count on the highest spring high tide to bury their eggs with sand. Grunion are similar to salmon in that they return to their stream of birth to spawn. Grunion are the only marine fish that comes completely out of water to spawn. Grunion spawn on the three or four nights prior to the highest spring high tide.
Tidal power is considered a cleaner and renewable resource.
Which of the following statements comparing a tidal power electricity-generating with a conventional thermal power plant is correct? The initial cost of building a tidal power electricity-generating plant may are lower. Tidal power initially requires fossil or nuclear fuels to get started. The periodicity of the tides is an advantage of a tidal power electricity-generating plant. Tidal power is considered a cleaner and renewable resource. The operating costs of a tidal power electricity-generating plant are higher.
Diurnal tides are a tidal pattern in which there is one high tide and one low tide in a lunar day.
Which of the following statements concerning tides is correct? Neap tides occur when the solar tide and the lunar tides are additive, producing the highest high tide and lower low tides. Semidiurnal tides are a tidal pattern in which there are two high tides and two low tides per lunar day, one high tide higher than the other. Mixed tides are a tidal pattern in which there are two high and low tides daily of approximately equal tidal heights. Diurnal tides are a tidal pattern in which there is one high tide and one low tide in a lunar day. At perigee, tidal ranges are minimized.
nekton - swimmers
Which of the following word pairs correctly link a descriptor with the way in which the organism lives in the ocean? Nekton-swim Benthos-drift Nekton-bottom-dwelling Plankton-bottom-dwelling Benthos-swim
Sumatra, Indonesia
Which tsunami event had the greatest fatalities? Northern Chile Chile Samoa Sumatra, Indonesia Nicaragua
plunging breaker
Which type of breaker forms on moderately steep beach slopes? Spilling breaker Surging breaker Standing breaker Plunging breaker Swelling breaker
surging breaker
Which type of breaker forms when the ocean bottom has an abrupt slope? Spilling breaker Surging breaker Plunging breaker Standing breaker Swelling breaker
spilling breaker
Which type of breaker has a longer life span and give surfers a longer ride than other breakers? Swelling breaker Spilling breaker Standing breaker Surging breaker Plunging breaker
spilling breaker
Which type of breaker is a turbulent mass of air and water that runs down the front slope of the wave as it breaks? Swelling breaker Plunging breaker Spilling breaker Surging breaker Standing breaker
spilling breaker
Which type of breaker results from a gently sloped ocean bottom, which gradually extracts energy from the wave over an extended distance and produces breakers with low overall energy? Spilling breaker Plunging breaker Swelling breaker Surging breaker Standing breaker
plunging breakers
Which type of breakers are the best waves for surfing? Swelling breaker Surging breaker Plunging breaker Spilling breaker Standing breaker
7
Worldwide how many tidal power plants exist? Five Six Seven Eight Nine
Plunging breaker
________ has a curling crest that moves over an air pocket. Plunging breaker Surging breaker Spilling breaker Shoaling breaker
Spilling Breaker
________ is a turbulent mass of air and water that runs down the front slope of the wave as it breaks. Spilling breaker Plunging breaker Surging breaker Shoaling breaker
