Ocean Chapter 4
Ion
A charged particle (examples: Na+ and Cl-)
Element
A pure substance that is made of only one type of atom
Property of water known as high heat capacity
Amount of heat needed to raise the temperature by a certain amount
Term to measure the height/energy of a wave
Amplitude
What is nitrogen narcosis like?
Being drunk
Which color is the ocean water most transparent to
Blue
At first particles of water in a wave move in a _______ motion
Circular
What temperature of water makes gases dissolve better
Cold water
Why do the bends happen
Coming up too fast
Decompression Sickness
Coming up too fast in the water
2 ways water can become more dense
Cooling and adding salt
Currents and waves are also driven by the _______ ______
Coriolis Effect
Things do not go in a straight line, but bend due to __________
Coriolis Effect
High points of a wave
Crest
Pressure changes with ______ as pressure increases _____ (same word) increases
Depth
Horse Latitudes are also known as
Doldrums
When water is unstable it is called (2 words, but mean the same thing)
Downwelling and overturn
When does the water become unstable
During overturn
How is a tsunami produced
Earthquakes/seismic activity
Waves transfer ______ not water
Energy
The water mass in overturn can be tracked because it has a certain ______ to the column of water
Fingerprint
Tides are called by the _______ pull of the _____ and the ______
Gravitational pull of the moon and the sun
Place that has diurnal tides
Gulf Coast/Antarctica
Info that Ben Franklin gained about currents
Gulf stream--> cold vs warm water he published a report about ways to find a quicker route
Japanese meaning of Tsunamis
Harbor waves
What are the two ways we can measure salinity
How well it conducts electricity, or massing the salt that is left behind by the water after evaporation
This bond holds water molecules together when they are in a large group
Hydrogen Bonds
Why is transparency important in the ocean
It allows the sunlight to travel through the water for photosynthesis--> aka creating oxygen
Why is water the universal solvent
It can dissolve more things than any other natural substance
What is the temperature of the water on the bottom?
It is 39 degrees, it is cold because it is more dense and heavier, therefore it sinks to the bottom
What happens at about 1000m or 3270ft in the ocean?
It is completely dark
Gyres
Large circles of movement caused by the Coriolis Effect
Doldrums are located where and have very little what?
Located at the equator and have very little wind
Three sulfurous salt compounds found in the ocean water are....
Magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, and potassium sulfate
How do you measure the wavelength of a wave
Measuring the distance between two crests or two troughs
Tidal range is small with what type of tide
Neap Tide
What causes the pain during the bends
Nitrogen Bubbles
Three dissolved gases in the ocean
Nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen
Are all tsunamis bad
No
Key pieces of information about surface currents that helped sailors
North Atlantic Equatorial currents
Diurnal Tides
One high and one low tide during the day
Two most abundant gases in the ocean water
Oxygen and hydrogen
What is treatment for the bends
Oxygen or a hyperbaric chamber
Most variable winds are ______, also located at high altitudes
Polar Easterlies
Water is this type of molecule because of the uneven pull on a water molecule
Polar Molecule
What do the gyres do for our earth?
Regulate Climate
Tides
Rhythmic rising and falling of the sea surface
When water mass sinks in overturn what does not change?
Salinity
Rule of constant proportions
Salinity may change but the percentage of each ion remains the same
What are the sharp peaks of waves called?
Seas
What kind of tides do we have on the east coast
Semidiurnal tides
What do sodium and chlorine form?
Sodium Chloride aka Salt
Tidal range is large with what type of tide?
Spring Tide
What is a specific word for the layers of the ocean
Stratified
Two things that affect the size of the wave
Strength of the wind and the fetch (the distance of open water that the wind blows)
Mixed Semidiurnal Tides
Successive high tides of different heights
Wind is driven by heat from the ______
Sun
A wave gets steeper as it gets closer to shore, it become top heavy and falls... What is this called?
Surf
Three Layers of the Ocean
Surface layer (the top), intermediate layer (the middle), and the deep layer (the bottom)
What are the smooth waves called?
Swells
Who uses the oxygen in the ocean
The animals/organisms in the ocean
Temperature vs. Depth
The deeper the water the colder the temperature
Why is the ocean blue?
The other colors are more easily absorbed than the blue wavelength is
Three things that are aligned to produce spring tides
The sun, moon, and the earth
Period or frequency of a wave
The time it takes for a wave to pass a certain point
What is the "medium" for waves in an ocean
The water
The circulation that scientists can track over great distances is called what because it is driven by density differences or differences in temperature/salinity
Thermohaline circulation
What happens to the other colors as you go deeper in the ocean
They all are absorbed
Why are is it refer to as "horse latitudes"?
They had to throw their ski horses overboard
Why are tsunamis not tidal waves
They have nothing to do with tides
How did trade winds get their names?
They were used for trade
A water wave is called a ____ wave because the medium moves at ______ angles to the direction of the wave
Transverse, right
Low points of a wave
Trough
Deadliest waves
Tsunamis
Semidiurnal Tides
Two high tides and two low tides within the day
Calcium carbonate
Used by marine animals in shells
Stability in the water is with what temperature on the top and what temperature in the bottom?
Warm on top, cold on the bottom
Temperature of the water on top? Why?
Warm water, it is less dense so it floats on the surface
What makes life possible?
Water
Three ways that salts get in our oceans
Weathering rock, volcanoes, and hydrothermal vents
Place that experience mixed semidiurnal tides
West Coast
Which winds blow the opposite of the trade winds?
Westerlies aka variable winds
Surface currents are driven primarily by _____
Wind
What makes waves
Wind
First oceanic phenomenon to be observed and documented
Winds and currents
Why are trade winds called trade winds
Winds used for trading ships
Rouge Wave
a large wave that appears out of nowhere
Tropical ocean water
above average salt content
Evaporation (increases salinity) Rain (decreases)
affects surface salinity of ocean water
What do you do to help with issues that come along with nitrogen narcosis
ascend until the symptoms go away
Bromine
element extracted from ocean water
What does doldrums refer to?
equatorial region where winds are light and variable
When the water particles interact with the bottom near the shore, the circles turn into ________ movement
lateral
How is a rouge wave produced
multiple waves meeting at their crests and joining together
What messes up the stratification of the ocean
overturn--> surface water becomes more dense
Atom
smallest part of an element that has the properties of that element
Salinity
the amount of dissolved salts in the ocean
Trade Winds
warm air rises and air from adjacent areas is sucked into replace this rising air
Molecule
2 or more atoms combined covalently
Average salinity of ocean water
35 parts per thousands