Ocean Chapter 4

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Ion

A charged particle (examples: Na+ and Cl-)

Element

A pure substance that is made of only one type of atom

Property of water known as high heat capacity

Amount of heat needed to raise the temperature by a certain amount

Term to measure the height/energy of a wave

Amplitude

What is nitrogen narcosis like?

Being drunk

Which color is the ocean water most transparent to

Blue

At first particles of water in a wave move in a _______ motion

Circular

What temperature of water makes gases dissolve better

Cold water

Why do the bends happen

Coming up too fast

Decompression Sickness

Coming up too fast in the water

2 ways water can become more dense

Cooling and adding salt

Currents and waves are also driven by the _______ ______

Coriolis Effect

Things do not go in a straight line, but bend due to __________

Coriolis Effect

High points of a wave

Crest

Pressure changes with ______ as pressure increases _____ (same word) increases

Depth

Horse Latitudes are also known as

Doldrums

When water is unstable it is called (2 words, but mean the same thing)

Downwelling and overturn

When does the water become unstable

During overturn

How is a tsunami produced

Earthquakes/seismic activity

Waves transfer ______ not water

Energy

The water mass in overturn can be tracked because it has a certain ______ to the column of water

Fingerprint

Tides are called by the _______ pull of the _____ and the ______

Gravitational pull of the moon and the sun

Place that has diurnal tides

Gulf Coast/Antarctica

Info that Ben Franklin gained about currents

Gulf stream--> cold vs warm water he published a report about ways to find a quicker route

Japanese meaning of Tsunamis

Harbor waves

What are the two ways we can measure salinity

How well it conducts electricity, or massing the salt that is left behind by the water after evaporation

This bond holds water molecules together when they are in a large group

Hydrogen Bonds

Why is transparency important in the ocean

It allows the sunlight to travel through the water for photosynthesis--> aka creating oxygen

Why is water the universal solvent

It can dissolve more things than any other natural substance

What is the temperature of the water on the bottom?

It is 39 degrees, it is cold because it is more dense and heavier, therefore it sinks to the bottom

What happens at about 1000m or 3270ft in the ocean?

It is completely dark

Gyres

Large circles of movement caused by the Coriolis Effect

Doldrums are located where and have very little what?

Located at the equator and have very little wind

Three sulfurous salt compounds found in the ocean water are....

Magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, and potassium sulfate

How do you measure the wavelength of a wave

Measuring the distance between two crests or two troughs

Tidal range is small with what type of tide

Neap Tide

What causes the pain during the bends

Nitrogen Bubbles

Three dissolved gases in the ocean

Nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen

Are all tsunamis bad

No

Key pieces of information about surface currents that helped sailors

North Atlantic Equatorial currents

Diurnal Tides

One high and one low tide during the day

Two most abundant gases in the ocean water

Oxygen and hydrogen

What is treatment for the bends

Oxygen or a hyperbaric chamber

Most variable winds are ______, also located at high altitudes

Polar Easterlies

Water is this type of molecule because of the uneven pull on a water molecule

Polar Molecule

What do the gyres do for our earth?

Regulate Climate

Tides

Rhythmic rising and falling of the sea surface

When water mass sinks in overturn what does not change?

Salinity

Rule of constant proportions

Salinity may change but the percentage of each ion remains the same

What are the sharp peaks of waves called?

Seas

What kind of tides do we have on the east coast

Semidiurnal tides

What do sodium and chlorine form?

Sodium Chloride aka Salt

Tidal range is large with what type of tide?

Spring Tide

What is a specific word for the layers of the ocean

Stratified

Two things that affect the size of the wave

Strength of the wind and the fetch (the distance of open water that the wind blows)

Mixed Semidiurnal Tides

Successive high tides of different heights

Wind is driven by heat from the ______

Sun

A wave gets steeper as it gets closer to shore, it become top heavy and falls... What is this called?

Surf

Three Layers of the Ocean

Surface layer (the top), intermediate layer (the middle), and the deep layer (the bottom)

What are the smooth waves called?

Swells

Who uses the oxygen in the ocean

The animals/organisms in the ocean

Temperature vs. Depth

The deeper the water the colder the temperature

Why is the ocean blue?

The other colors are more easily absorbed than the blue wavelength is

Three things that are aligned to produce spring tides

The sun, moon, and the earth

Period or frequency of a wave

The time it takes for a wave to pass a certain point

What is the "medium" for waves in an ocean

The water

The circulation that scientists can track over great distances is called what because it is driven by density differences or differences in temperature/salinity

Thermohaline circulation

What happens to the other colors as you go deeper in the ocean

They all are absorbed

Why are is it refer to as "horse latitudes"?

They had to throw their ski horses overboard

Why are tsunamis not tidal waves

They have nothing to do with tides

How did trade winds get their names?

They were used for trade

A water wave is called a ____ wave because the medium moves at ______ angles to the direction of the wave

Transverse, right

Low points of a wave

Trough

Deadliest waves

Tsunamis

Semidiurnal Tides

Two high tides and two low tides within the day

Calcium carbonate

Used by marine animals in shells

Stability in the water is with what temperature on the top and what temperature in the bottom?

Warm on top, cold on the bottom

Temperature of the water on top? Why?

Warm water, it is less dense so it floats on the surface

What makes life possible?

Water

Three ways that salts get in our oceans

Weathering rock, volcanoes, and hydrothermal vents

Place that experience mixed semidiurnal tides

West Coast

Which winds blow the opposite of the trade winds?

Westerlies aka variable winds

Surface currents are driven primarily by _____

Wind

What makes waves

Wind

First oceanic phenomenon to be observed and documented

Winds and currents

Why are trade winds called trade winds

Winds used for trading ships

Rouge Wave

a large wave that appears out of nowhere

Tropical ocean water

above average salt content

Evaporation (increases salinity) Rain (decreases)

affects surface salinity of ocean water

What do you do to help with issues that come along with nitrogen narcosis

ascend until the symptoms go away

Bromine

element extracted from ocean water

What does doldrums refer to?

equatorial region where winds are light and variable

When the water particles interact with the bottom near the shore, the circles turn into ________ movement

lateral

How is a rouge wave produced

multiple waves meeting at their crests and joining together

What messes up the stratification of the ocean

overturn--> surface water becomes more dense

Atom

smallest part of an element that has the properties of that element

Salinity

the amount of dissolved salts in the ocean

Trade Winds

warm air rises and air from adjacent areas is sucked into replace this rising air

Molecule

2 or more atoms combined covalently

Average salinity of ocean water

35 parts per thousands


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