Ocean Exam 1

Where are the deepest portions of the world's oceans found? a. At the intraplate abyssal plains b. At convergent plate boundaries c. At divergent plate boundaries d. At transform plate boundaries e. At submarine canyons

At convergent plate boundaries

Which of the following is an example of a continental transform plate boundary? a. San Andreas Fault b. Aleutian Islands c. Himalaya Mountains d. Andes Mountains e. Mendocino Fault

San Andreas Fault

Which ocean is the shallowest ocean in the world? a. The Atlantic Ocean b. The Antarctic Ocean c. The Artic Ocean d. The Indian Ocean e. The Pacific Ocean

The Artic Ocean

Which ocean was considered by 14th century Europeans to be one of the seven seas? a. The Pacific Ocean b. The Indian Ocean c. The Artic Ocean d. The Atlantic Ocean

The Indian Ocean

Which ocean covers more than half of the ocean surface area on Earth? a. The Pacific Ocean b. The Southern Ocean c. The Antarctic Ocean d. The Indian Ocean e. The Atlantic Ocean

The Pacific Ocean

Which of the following best describes turbidity currents? a. Turbid water that kills coral and other photosynthesizing creatures by blocking light b. Muddy water brought to the ocean by rivers and streams to form a delta c. Underwater avalanches of muddy water mixed with rocks and other debris d. Metal-rich deposits that form on the flanks of submarine volcanoes e. Rift-valley sediments found within the depression at mid-ocean ridges

Underwater avalanches of muddy water mixed with rocks and other debris

Isostatic adjustments are the result of the buoyancy of Earth's lithosphere as it floats on the ________ below which is denser and plastic like. a. outer core b. mesosphere c. inner core d. asthenosphere

asthenosphere

Where does the deep-ocean basin begin along a passive continental margin? a. Continental shelf b. Shoreline c. Continental rise d. Continental slope e. Abyssal plain

continental slope

Active continental margins are characterized by which of the following? a. Shallow coastal waters b. No sediment accumulation c. Broad continental shelves d. Sparse earthquake activity e. Deep-sea trenches

Deep-sea trenches

Which of the following statements is TRUE of the lithosphere? a. The lithosphere is composed only of igneous rock. b. The lithosphere is composed only of outer mantle material. c. The lithosphere is composed only of metamorphic rock. d. The lithosphere is composed of the inner portion of the mantle and the outer core. e. The lithosphere is composed of the crust and the uppermost portion of the mantle.

The lithosphere is composed of the crust and the uppermost portion of the mantle.

Oceanic crust is predominantly composed of the igneous rock called ________. a. anorthosite b. peridotite c. tonalite d. granite e. basalt

basalt

Evidence suggests that the Sun and the rest of the solar system formed about five ________ years ago. a. billion b. thousand c. trillion d. trillion

billion

Older lithosphere is destroyed in association with ________. a. fracture zones b. hydrothermal vents c. spreading centers d. deep-sea trenches e. mid-ocean ridges

deep-sea trenches

Submarine canyons were most likely formed by ________. a. scouring by glaciers during the last ice age b. deposition of terrestrial sediment c. earthquake activity d. wind erosion in the past e. erosion by turbidity currents

erosion by turbidity currents

Based on physical properties, Earth consists of ________ layers a. four b. five c. three d. two

five

The study of the structure of the sea floor and how the sea floor has changed through time is an example of ________ oceanography. a. archaeological b. biological c. geological d. physical e. chemical

geological

The Big Island of Hawaii is an example of a volcanic island associated with volcanic activity at a ________. a. hotspot b. island arc c. deep sea trench d. mid-ocean ridge e. transform fault

hotspot

Coral reefs ________. a. form when underwater volcanoes are thrust upward during a tectonic event b. are most common in deep and cold sub-tropical basins c. can be found at latitudes above 60° d. were first described by Christopher Columbus during his voyage to Hispaniola e. include atolls, barrier, and fringing reefs

include atolls, barrier, and fringing reefs

Based on the Theory of Plate Tectonics, you would expect to find ________ heat flow at the mid-ocean ridge and ________ heat flow at subduction zones when compared to other parts of the crust. a. increased; increased b. decreased; decreased c. decreased; increased d. increased; decreased

increased; decreased

The San Andreas Fault ________. a. is associated with volcanic activity b. is located in the Juan de Fuca Plate c. is associated with deep focus earthquakes d. is an oceanic transform fault e. is a continental transform fault

is a continental transform fault

The Hawaiian Islands are located where the Pacific plate is ________. a. moving over a hot spot or mantle plume b. being subducted beneath the North American plate c. being subducted beneath Japan d. being thrust under Japan e. being thrust over the North American plate

moving over a hot spot or mantle plume

The seafloor magnetic pattern is best described as ________. a. perpendicular to, but not symmetric about mid-ocean ridges b. perpendicular to and symmetric about mid-ocean ridges c. not related to the location of mid-ocean ridges d. parallel to and symmetric about mid-ocean ridges e. parallel to, but not symmetric about mid-ocean ridges

parallel to and symmetric about mid-ocean ridges

With respect to mid-ocean ridges, transform faults are ________. a. parallel to the rift valley b. perpendicular to the ridge axis c. associated with hydrothermal vents d. located in submarine canyons

perpendicular to the ridge axis

Fossils of ancient polar plants are currently found near the equator because the ________. a. plants probably were tolerant of both tropical and polar conditions b. plants were distributed to current locations by ancient glacial ice sheets c. plants lived near the poles, but landmasses have drifted to current locations d. poles were at the equator at times in the geologic past e. entire earth had polar conditions at the time the plants were living

plants lived near the poles, but landmasses have drifted to current location

The correct order of seafloor features from the coast to the mid-ocean ridge is ________. a. rise, abyssal plain, slope, shelf b. slope, rise, shelf, abyssal plain c. shelf, slope, rise, abyssal plain d. abyssal plain, shelf, slope, rise e. abyssal plain, rise, slope, shelf

shelf, slope, rise, abyssal plain

Deep ocean trenches are associated with ________. a. transform faults b. submarine canyons c. rift valleys d. turbidity currents e. subduction zones

subduction zones

Frederick Vine and Drummond Matthews determined that new ocean floor was being produced at ocean ridges by examining ________. a. fossils in marine sediments b. the magnetic pattern of rocks on the seafloor c. the locations of ancient coral reefs d. glacial debris at various locations e. apparent polar wandering

the magnetic pattern of rocks on the seafloor

Relatively few abyssal plains are located in the Pacific Ocean due to ________. a. the presence of convergent active margins b. the presence of seamounts c. its location in northern and southern hemispheres d. the absence of convergent active margins e. its smaller size compared to other ocean basins

the presence of convergent active margins

Plate tectonics and evolution, which are held with a high degree of confidence because of rigorous testing and verification, are examples of ________. a. guesses b. laws c. hypotheses d. observation e. theories

theories

Based on chemical composition, Earth consists of ________ layers a. two b. three c. five d. four

three