Ocean Exam 1
Where are the deepest portions of the world's oceans found? a. At the intraplate abyssal plains b. At convergent plate boundaries c. At divergent plate boundaries d. At transform plate boundaries e. At submarine canyons
At convergent plate boundaries
Which of the following is an example of a continental transform plate boundary? a. San Andreas Fault b. Aleutian Islands c. Himalaya Mountains d. Andes Mountains e. Mendocino Fault
San Andreas Fault
Which ocean is the shallowest ocean in the world? a. The Atlantic Ocean b. The Antarctic Ocean c. The Artic Ocean d. The Indian Ocean e. The Pacific Ocean
The Artic Ocean
Which ocean was considered by 14th century Europeans to be one of the seven seas? a. The Pacific Ocean b. The Indian Ocean c. The Artic Ocean d. The Atlantic Ocean
The Indian Ocean
Which ocean covers more than half of the ocean surface area on Earth? a. The Pacific Ocean b. The Southern Ocean c. The Antarctic Ocean d. The Indian Ocean e. The Atlantic Ocean
The Pacific Ocean
Which of the following best describes turbidity currents? a. Turbid water that kills coral and other photosynthesizing creatures by blocking light b. Muddy water brought to the ocean by rivers and streams to form a delta c. Underwater avalanches of muddy water mixed with rocks and other debris d. Metal-rich deposits that form on the flanks of submarine volcanoes e. Rift-valley sediments found within the depression at mid-ocean ridges
Underwater avalanches of muddy water mixed with rocks and other debris
Isostatic adjustments are the result of the buoyancy of Earth's lithosphere as it floats on the ________ below which is denser and plastic like. a. outer core b. mesosphere c. inner core d. asthenosphere
asthenosphere
Where does the deep-ocean basin begin along a passive continental margin? a. Continental shelf b. Shoreline c. Continental rise d. Continental slope e. Abyssal plain
continental slope
Active continental margins are characterized by which of the following? a. Shallow coastal waters b. No sediment accumulation c. Broad continental shelves d. Sparse earthquake activity e. Deep-sea trenches
Deep-sea trenches
Which of the following statements is TRUE of the lithosphere? a. The lithosphere is composed only of igneous rock. b. The lithosphere is composed only of outer mantle material. c. The lithosphere is composed only of metamorphic rock. d. The lithosphere is composed of the inner portion of the mantle and the outer core. e. The lithosphere is composed of the crust and the uppermost portion of the mantle.
The lithosphere is composed of the crust and the uppermost portion of the mantle.
Oceanic crust is predominantly composed of the igneous rock called ________. a. anorthosite b. peridotite c. tonalite d. granite e. basalt
basalt
Evidence suggests that the Sun and the rest of the solar system formed about five ________ years ago. a. billion b. thousand c. trillion d. trillion
billion
Older lithosphere is destroyed in association with ________. a. fracture zones b. hydrothermal vents c. spreading centers d. deep-sea trenches e. mid-ocean ridges
deep-sea trenches
Submarine canyons were most likely formed by ________. a. scouring by glaciers during the last ice age b. deposition of terrestrial sediment c. earthquake activity d. wind erosion in the past e. erosion by turbidity currents
erosion by turbidity currents
Based on physical properties, Earth consists of ________ layers a. four b. five c. three d. two
five
The study of the structure of the sea floor and how the sea floor has changed through time is an example of ________ oceanography. a. archaeological b. biological c. geological d. physical e. chemical
geological
The Big Island of Hawaii is an example of a volcanic island associated with volcanic activity at a ________. a. hotspot b. island arc c. deep sea trench d. mid-ocean ridge e. transform fault
hotspot
Coral reefs ________. a. form when underwater volcanoes are thrust upward during a tectonic event b. are most common in deep and cold sub-tropical basins c. can be found at latitudes above 60° d. were first described by Christopher Columbus during his voyage to Hispaniola e. include atolls, barrier, and fringing reefs
include atolls, barrier, and fringing reefs
Based on the Theory of Plate Tectonics, you would expect to find ________ heat flow at the mid-ocean ridge and ________ heat flow at subduction zones when compared to other parts of the crust. a. increased; increased b. decreased; decreased c. decreased; increased d. increased; decreased
increased; decreased
The San Andreas Fault ________. a. is associated with volcanic activity b. is located in the Juan de Fuca Plate c. is associated with deep focus earthquakes d. is an oceanic transform fault e. is a continental transform fault
is a continental transform fault
The Hawaiian Islands are located where the Pacific plate is ________. a. moving over a hot spot or mantle plume b. being subducted beneath the North American plate c. being subducted beneath Japan d. being thrust under Japan e. being thrust over the North American plate
moving over a hot spot or mantle plume
The seafloor magnetic pattern is best described as ________. a. perpendicular to, but not symmetric about mid-ocean ridges b. perpendicular to and symmetric about mid-ocean ridges c. not related to the location of mid-ocean ridges d. parallel to and symmetric about mid-ocean ridges e. parallel to, but not symmetric about mid-ocean ridges
parallel to and symmetric about mid-ocean ridges
With respect to mid-ocean ridges, transform faults are ________. a. parallel to the rift valley b. perpendicular to the ridge axis c. associated with hydrothermal vents d. located in submarine canyons
perpendicular to the ridge axis
Fossils of ancient polar plants are currently found near the equator because the ________. a. plants probably were tolerant of both tropical and polar conditions b. plants were distributed to current locations by ancient glacial ice sheets c. plants lived near the poles, but landmasses have drifted to current locations d. poles were at the equator at times in the geologic past e. entire earth had polar conditions at the time the plants were living
plants lived near the poles, but landmasses have drifted to current location
The correct order of seafloor features from the coast to the mid-ocean ridge is ________. a. rise, abyssal plain, slope, shelf b. slope, rise, shelf, abyssal plain c. shelf, slope, rise, abyssal plain d. abyssal plain, shelf, slope, rise e. abyssal plain, rise, slope, shelf
shelf, slope, rise, abyssal plain
Deep ocean trenches are associated with ________. a. transform faults b. submarine canyons c. rift valleys d. turbidity currents e. subduction zones
subduction zones
Frederick Vine and Drummond Matthews determined that new ocean floor was being produced at ocean ridges by examining ________. a. fossils in marine sediments b. the magnetic pattern of rocks on the seafloor c. the locations of ancient coral reefs d. glacial debris at various locations e. apparent polar wandering
the magnetic pattern of rocks on the seafloor
Relatively few abyssal plains are located in the Pacific Ocean due to ________. a. the presence of convergent active margins b. the presence of seamounts c. its location in northern and southern hemispheres d. the absence of convergent active margins e. its smaller size compared to other ocean basins
the presence of convergent active margins
Plate tectonics and evolution, which are held with a high degree of confidence because of rigorous testing and verification, are examples of ________. a. guesses b. laws c. hypotheses d. observation e. theories
theories
Based on chemical composition, Earth consists of ________ layers a. two b. three c. five d. four
three