6th HISTORY: THE US EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER ch. 4
Government Actions affect people
NEGATIVE a) Native Americans severe consequences POSITIVE b) Building roads, bridges, establishing National Parks c)the Civil Rights Movement- giving the basic right that belong to all citizen, such as a the right to be treated equally d) providing aid to people in need during emergencies: food, water, medical care, transportation
Some Native Americans lived...
isolated from other groups, while others were peacefully connecting with neighbors for trading, others were at war for land and resources
Southeast
largest subregion in the eastern U.S. 11 states AL, FL,GA, KY, LA, MS, NC, SC, TN, VA, WV
Mississippi floods often dumping water and sediment onto the land, destroying crops and homes. The government corrected the flooding by building these:
levees- embankments to control the flooding and reduce the damage to homes and crops.
Mississippi is a Choctaw (indian) word meaning
"Great Water" or "Father of Waters"
The Mississippi River
"Mighty Mississippi" one of the longest rivers in N. Am.; Most important river in the U.S, starting in MN and empties into the Gulf of Mexico Tributaries (smaller rivers as the MO and OH Rivers) feed into the Mississippi River One of the world's busiest commercial waterways with ships, steamboats of passengers and cargo follow the river and its tributaries
indigenous
"living or occurring naturally in a particular place"
Subregions
-regions divided into smaller parts; special features that make it unique
Commercial Agriculture
growing crops and raising livestock TO SELL
US GOVERNMENT
- declared its independence from Britain on July 4th, 1776 US -designed a government as a REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY, a system which the PEOPL elect representatives to operated the govt.
Legislative Branch
-Called CONGRESS, -MAKES LAWS for the nation Congress has 2 parts (House of Representatives and Senate)
European Colonization
-Kings and queens from England, France, Italy, and Spain wanted to claim land in N.Am. -Wanted to control GOLD and natural resources
Industries
-Logging, mining, and fishing are a way of life throughout the region -products as CARS, ELECTRONICS, CLOTHING are made in factories in these cities. -Information technology (IT) and TOURISM -plentiful resources and hard working people make the eastern US one of the most productive regions in the world
The Atlantic Coastal Plain
-The EAST COAST sits at the edge of a HUGE continental platform, that is mostly underwater, forming a SHELF around the Atlantic coastline. -Over time, a large area of the platform rose ABOVE sea level, leaving behind layers of sandy sediment. -as the sediment builds up, a flat lowland called the COASTAL PLAIN formed. The coastal plain crushed under the weight of the glaciers, pushing land BELOW SEA LEVEL, often flooded by fierce storms and heavy rains.
NEW YORK
-began as a Dutch colonial port city called NEW AMSTERDAM, -known today as a hub of culture and commerce -home to one of the busiest port in N. Am. -has 5 boroughs: dense cluster of urban areas connected by streets, bridges, trains and water passages
New Orleans, LA (NOLA)
-began as a shipping town along MS River. -important center of transportation and trade. -a major stop along supply lines that serve the military and civilians during the Wars. -2005 Hurricane Katrina struck, flooding low-lying areas trapping and killing people -remains an important commercial trade center. -manufacturing & transportation still contribute to the city's economy -Rich cultural traditions: spicy Cajun and Creole foods, colorful celebrations such as Mardi Gras, -1st centers of JAZZ Music -City and people, art, music, language, architecture are a bold mix of FRENCH, SPANISH, CARIBBEAN, and AFRICAN cultures. -Tourism important to NOLA's economy
The Ohio River
-carries the most water to the Mississippi River than any other tributaries (rivers) -starts in PA flowing westward forming borders of OH, IN, IL, WV, and KY -important shipping and transportation route -connects Midwest to Mississippi River
Manhattan/NY
-home to people of every racial, ethnic, and religious background in the world. -worldwide center of finance ($) advertising, entertainment, -variety of visual and performing arts-music, dance, drama, painting, sculpture, fashion, and architecture -extensive public transportation system that includes subways and buses
Judicial Branch
-made up of State and FEDERAL COURTS -to decide if laws are fair, and if they follow the Constitution. -SUPREME COURT= has 9 judges called justices, is the MOST POWERFUL Court
3 Branches of Government
-make sure government power is shared -each branch must work with the other two branches -Executive, Legislative, Judicial
Executive Branch
-office of the PRESIDENT -President's main duties are to carry out the laws, lead the military, appoint judges to Supreme Court, plan a national budget, meet with foreign leaders, appoint advisors to help make decisions
The Appalachian Mountains
-oldest and longest mt. chain in the US beginning in AL continues northeast to the Canadian border covered by dense forests
America's Economy
-one of the largest and strongest economies -agriculture: important industry -unemployment slows down economy
Government Actions affect the Land
-some laws and decisions protect our environments. -ex) president has the authority to set aside land for used as national parks, protecting plants and animal habitats and created recreational areas. -local govt. enforces laws that reduce water pollution and littering. -environmental program is SUPERFUND- purpose is to clean up abandoned hazardous was sites, such as Love Canal and Times Beach in the 1970s.
Climate in the Eastern US
-varied climates -NEW ENGLAND AND MIDWEST see the most dramatic seasonal changes (cold winters/hot humid summers, autumn cool, changing leaf colors, spring rain and storms) -COASTAL AREAS- mild climate, temperatures are less extreme than inland. -SOUTHERN states- experience milder changes in seasons. HUMID subtropical climate(summers are more humid and rainy than west. -HURRICANES- can pound the coastlines (most powerful one... -
first English colonists settled along the Atlantic Coast here:
1) Jamestown, VA in 1607 2) Plymouth, MA in 1620
4 U.S. Subregions
1) New England 2) Mid-Atlantic 3) Midwest 4) Southeast
As a result of people immigrating to the US:
1) an amazing variety of LANGUAGES, 2) RELIGIONS 3) CULTURES 4) CUSTOMS The cultural traditions brought by people all over the world have made America a UNIQUE and DIVERSE NATION
NEW TECHNOLOGY Changes Farming
1) farming by hand goes to farming with the help of animals (horse and oxen) 2) 1700s machines were created to plant large amounts of seeds quickly or harvest crops faster than by hand 3) ELI WHITNEY- invented a COTTON GIN machine to process cotton faster and easier, increasing profits ($) for farmers 4) over time, machines began to replace human workers on farms (Tractors and combines)
Life was hard for the colonists. give reasons
1) food supplies brought over from England soon ran out 2) people got sick and died from starvation 3) learned how to plant crops and hunt for food 4) adapted to the natural resources and made things they needed: candles, soaps, pots, clothing, tools, and medicine
People immigrate to America because
1) they want freedom 2) jobs, 3) education, 4) other opportunities
Native Americans used the land to live.
1) using plants, animals, stones, water, and soil around them 2) ex) northern woodlands made homes out of bark and wood, burned wood to heat homes in winter, hunted animals for food and animals skins to make clothing
Most basic way to divid the US into two regions:
1)East of the Mississippi River 2) West of the Mississippi River
Major Bodies of Water in the east
1)The Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf Coast 2) The Great Lakes 3) The St. Lawrence Seaway 4) The Mississippi River
megalopolis
50+ million people living in the Boston-Washington area
Atlantic Ocean & the Gulf Coast
A. OCEAN: largest body of saltwater east of the M. River, EAST COAST SHORELINE: stretches more than 2,000 miles from Maine to FL, *Affects the region's land, weather, economy, and people in many ways. GULF COAST: borders a smaller body of water: Gulf of Mexico, extends from FL to TX to Mexico; warmer water and calmer than the Atlantic O.
2nd largest ethnic group in US (1990)
African-Americans
1776
American colonists declared their independence from British rule, which led to the Revolutionary War, ending in 1781.
Settling the Land
As more European settler arrived along the Atlantic Ocean coast became OVERCROWDED. -people moved inland to claim new land for themselves, -looking for gold or silver -hunting animals and traded for animal skins. -land suitable for FARMING
1st largest ethnic group in US
Caucasian
Indigenous people to the lands
Cherokee, Iroquois, Miami and Shawnee
ENERGY RESOURCES
ENERGY RESOURCES-Coal, oil, natural gas are called FOSSIL FUELS. -Burning Coal can produce ELECTRICITY. -OIL- is processed into fuel for CARS & VEHICLES -NAURAL GAS - used to HEAT our homes and to generate ELECTRICITY. -DEMAND IS HUGE, MINING them is a MAJOR INDUSTRY
Colonies built by England were controlled by
England, thousands of miles away. Controlling and making laws and taxing the colonists.
Atlanta, GA
GA capital, historic city and modern metropolis. - as railroads brought people and cargoes through area, it grew into a thriving economic, cultural and political center of the South. -During Civil War, served as a supply depot for the Confederate Army, buildings were burned, and city was rebuilt. -Today- strong center of transportation, industry, trade, education, and culture. "Commercial Center" : publishing, telecommunications, banking, insurance, military supply, and manufacturing, - factories produce electrical equipment, chemicals, packaged foods, paper products, and aircraft.
2nd largest ethnic group in US (2010)
Hispanic or Latin-American
13 colonies became an
INDEPENDENT nation called the United States of America calling themselves "Americans" in 1776
RELIGION AND ETHNICITY
Largest # of followers: Christianity Many practice: Jewish, Muslim, Buddhist, or Hindu fath, about 16% do not participate in a religion -Four Most POPULOUS ETHNIC GROUPS: are Caucasian, Latinos, Af. Am, and Asian AM,
5 Boroughs of NY
Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, Bronx, and Staten Island
industry
Manufacturing, or making products to sell.
boundaries (rivers, mountains, lakes, streets/roads) are physical features used to
Mississippi borders WI, IL, KY, TN, MS
New England
Subregion in NE corner of US Many of the first English colonies who came to America settled here in the 1600s ME, NH, VT, MA, RI, CT
Mid-Atlantic
Subregion located along the Atlantic ocean (south of NE), part of the original 13 colonies DE, MD, NJ, NY, PA
Midwest
Subregion nicknamed " the nation's breadbasket" because of a large percentage of America's food crops are grown here in rich soil. ALL five states share borders with one or more of the Great Lakes IL,IN, MI, OH, WI
The first 10 Amendments
The BILL OF RIGHTS - guarantees the BASIC RIGHTS of CITIZENS
St. Lawrence Seaway
The St. Lawrence Ricer carries water from the Great Lakes eastward until it empties in to the Atlantic Ocean. -in 1950s, US and Canada worked together to build canals and gated passageways called locks between the G.Lakes and into the St. Lawrence River. Last passageway, extends from Lake Superior to At. Ocean is called the ST. LAWRENCE SEAWAY, connecting the MIDWEST to seaports all over the world. making transportation faster and easier for businesses to ship their products all over the world
NEW TERRITORY
The U.S. Government wanted to claim as much of American's land as possible.
Influence of Immigration
The cultures have become woven together over time, blending and changing into something new.
The GREAT MIGRATION
The relocation of African Americans from the South to the North after the Civil War leaving rural areas to cities work to work in factories
MINERALS and ENERGY RESOURCES
Two of the most valuable materials are minerals and energy resources. MINERALS - natural substances such as IRON ORE, GOLD, and ZINC. (can be processed into metals- used in manufacturing and construction) ENERGY RESOURCES-Coal, oil, natural gas are called FOSSIL FUELS.
Fall line
an area where waterfalls flow from higher to lower ground. In this region, a fall line is a long, low cliff that stretches form NJ to SC
metropolitan areas
are urban environments in LARGE cities that are centers of CULTURE, EDUCATION, BUSINESS, & RECREATION
Chicago, IL
began as a small settlement between Lake MI and MS River in the early 1800s. -connected the rest of the country by railroads and canals -one of the nations most important centers of shipping, transportation, and industry -leading producers of steel, machinery, and manufactured products -large printing and publishing companies, financial institutions, such as the Chicago Stock Exchange
Isolated
being alone or separated from others
in the 1500s, Spanish priests, soldiers, and settlers...
built military and religious outposts in the Americas. ex) St. Augustine in Florida - this was the first permanent European settlement in the US
Native American homes
built shelters suitable for the climate where they lived. (hot climates used grasses, vines & reeds to build open-air homes, others used stones, caves, and earth to build solid structures and mount cities.
Tourism
business proved services to people who are traveling for enjoyment. Businesses such as restaurants, hotel, resorts, travel agencies, and tour companies are part of the tourism industry.
Services Industries
businesses that provide a service rather and products. Ex) Child care centers, restaurants, grocery stores, hair salons, electricians, moving companies, and auto repairs shops finance, insurance, education, are providing many jobs and revenue today Service industry to computer age information age.
Amendments
changed to the Constitution
Parallel ranges
extending side by side in the same direction, always the same distance apart. Blue Ridge Mts in VA & Great Smoky Mountains in TN -home to many natural wonders: forests are filled with diverse plant and animal life, most spectacular waterfalls,
Native American
first humans to settle in North America crossing the land bridge from Asia
The Land Ordinance of 1785
gave the U.S legal claim to lands know as the Ohio Country (located north of Ohio River and east of MS River) -allowed American settlers to buy sections of this land for $1 per acre. -Native Am. were forced to leave
revenue
money tourism spend, income generated by a business
Constitution
must be obeyed by govt leaders
INDUSTRIAL GROWTH
new technology led to jobs in factories. Industries created were clothing, computer parts, shoes, baby formula, medicines, foods bottle drinks, & cars
hurricane
ocean storms that spans hundreds of miles with winds of at least 74mph
FARMING
one of the most valuable resources east of the Mississippi River is FARMLAND. -Rich soil excellent for farming GRAINS, FRUITS & VEGETABLES -sandy soils in the SE are good for grown COTTON -major producers of MEAT, DAIRY FOODS, WOOD, COTTON, SUGAR, CORN, WHEAT, SOYBEANS, & Other crops
Colonists
people who are sent to live in a new place and claim land for their home country
FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY -FEMA
providing aid to people in need during emergencies: food, water, medical care, transportation Emergencies of tornadoes, hurricane, earthquakes floods, terrorist attacks, and other disasters
Forced Migration in the 1830s
the US Government forced the Cherokee to leave their lands in the SE to make a long and difficult journey to Indian Territory in Oklahoma. They were given land to live on, but soil was dry and difficult to farm. -Thousands of Cherokee DIED during and after their journey, known as the TRAIL OF TEARS, destroying some of their cultural traditions
The US is a FEDERAL republic meaning
the national government shares power with the states
In the early 1600s, the English began
to send COLONISTS to the Americas.