HEA 191 Chapter 1

Young adults (ages 15-24) are most likely to die from

accidents

Missy is motivated to lose weight. She has begun taking a 30-minute walk every morning, has worked with a nutrition counselor to design a new diet, and on Monday will begin following new eating plan. According to the transtheoretical model of behavior change, Missy is in a stage of

action

Eve is always upset about something, and it seems that she is never really happy. Her mental outlook is likely to adversely affect

all six dimensions of her health

Jason has three projects due next week. He is frustrated because everything is due at the same time and he doesn't believe it's possible to get all three projects finished. His solution is to forget about the projects and meet up with friends for a night out. Jason has

an external locus of control

An appraisal of the relationship between an object, action, or idea and some attribute related to it is a(n)

belief

A disease that begins slowly, progresses over a period of time, and that may resist treatment is a(n)

chronic disease

Paul studies mortality rates in infants of various ethnicities. He studies their

death rates

Health and wellness are best described as

dynamic

Which of the following factors plays a significant role in health disparities

economic status

One of the most important goals of Healthy People 2020 is to

eliminate health disparities and improve the health of all population groups

Katherine is an energetic, confident student who is not afraid to stand up in front of the class and read her essay aloud. She trusts that even if others don't agree with her point of view, they will still value her as a person and a friend. These traits best demonstrate Katherine's positive

emotional health

Judy strives to stay healthy. When she notices herself engaging in an unhealthy behavior, she makes a plan and takes action to get back on track. No challenge is too tough for her to take on.

exhibits self-efficacy

Emotional health can best be described as being able to

feel and express emotions appropriately

Effective health promotion programs

focus on encouraging behaviors known to support good health

All the following causes of death are linked to modifiable lifestyle behaviors EXCEPT

genetic disorders

According to the transtheoretical model, a person in the precontemplation stage

has no current intention to change or believes there is no need to change.

Spiritual health can best be described as

having a sense of meaning and purpose in one's life

Rafael is committed to his study of ecology and the effects of climate change. Additionally, he tries to show respect for all living things. Which of the following statements best describes Rafael?

he demonstrates spiritual health

Overall, the leading cause of death for Americans is

heart disease

Which strategy is used by many athletes to visualize the attainment of goals?

imagined rehearsal

Healthy People 2020 is a plan designed to

improve health-related quality of life and years of life for all Americans

Health promotion

includes policies, programs, and financial support for initiatives that promote health

Which type of costs are related to higher insurance premiums and increased disability payments due to obesity-related health conditions?

indirect medical costs

Determinants of health are a range of critical factors in a person's life that

influence health status

The ability to think clearly, analyze information, and use one's mental capacity to meet life's challenges is known as

intellectual health

The six dimensions of health

interact continuously

Beth works part-time as a waitress and receives no health insurance benefits from her employer. She purchased insurance under the Affordable Care Act, but the policy has a $5,000 annual deductible. Beth

is likely to delay care that she needs

The expected number of years of life remaining at a given age, such as birth, is known as

life expectancy

An example of an enabling factor is

living near a hiking trail to encourage walking

The model of health that is concerned with curing disease affecting a particular tissue or organ is the

medical model

Which health model views treating disease through medications and surgery as the surest way to improve health?

medical model

Manuela joined a group exercise class. Her instructor, who was formerly inactive and overweight, participates with the class and also shares personal fitness strategies. In class, Manuela tries to emulate her instructor's moves, and she has also become more physically active as part of her daily routine. Which technique is Manuela using to reach her goal of becoming more fit?

modeling

Observing a friend's successful attempt to quit smoking and trying some of the same tactics to quit yourself is an example of

modeling

A sedentary lifestyle, overuse of caffeine, and risky sexual practices are examples of

modifiable determinants of health

An adolescent smoker might think lung cancer happens only to old people. This is an example of which factor of the health belief model?

perceived susceptibility

The dimension of physical health encompasses the ability to

perform activities of daily living

Family health background and the behaviors of family members are examples of

predisposing factors

Taking positive action now to avoid becoming sick later is known as

prevention

To successfully change a behavior, a person must recognize that change is a(n)

process that occurs in stages

The science that views negative health events as resulting from individuals' interactions with their physical or social environment is

public health

Jim was successful at meeting his exercise goal and rewarded himself by taking a three-day vacation at a golf resort. This is an example of a

reinforcing behavior

Not allowing yourself to think about stage fright and focusing only on the content of your speech when preparing for a presentation is an example of

self-talk

The thought, "I don't have enough time!" is an example of

self-talk

Brenda is going on a ski trip over spring break and has 12 weeks to get in shape. She purchased an elliptical trainer and started working out on it for 10 minutes each day. Each week, she will increase her workout by 10 minutes until she can exercise for one hour. If she finds that is too rigorous, she will only add 5 minutes to her workout each week. Which of the following behavior-change techniques is Brenda using to get in shape for her trip?

shaping

Jill has many friends, is respected by her coworkers, and maintains a great relationship with her boyfriend. Her ability to interact with others is an example of which dimension of health?

social

The change model based on three factors (social environment, thoughts and feelings, and behaviors) in interaction with each other is known as the

social cognitive model

Which of the following were cited by college students in a national survey as major impediments to performing well academically?

stress, anxiety, and sleep difficulties

Life expectancy in the early 1900s was largely determined by a person's

susceptibility to infectious disease

The contemporary definition of wellness is

the achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions

People with an internal locus of control believe that events turn out as they do based on

their own actions

Jane is sedentary and obese. What effect do these factors have on her health

they will impede her progress toward high-level wellness

When applying the strategy of shaping to behavior change, one should

use small achievable steps to reach goals

Which of the following contributed to increased life expectancy in the early twentieth century?

vaccinations and antibiotics

The positive aspects of a person's life, such being satisfied with life in general and having positive emotions, determines one's sense of

well-being

Major public health achievements of the twentieth century include

workplace safety