Oceanography Chapter 4

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30) Terrigenous sediment is another name for which of the following?

lithogenous sediment

33) Abyssal clay is an example of which of the following sediment types?

lithogenous sediment

9) Calcium carbonate is most likely to dissolve in water with which characteristics?

lots of carbon dioxide and colder temperaturews

20) Pelagic clays contain lots of material that settles to the seafloor through the water column and are ________.

less than 3o% biogenous material

18) Sediments found on continental margins are called ________.

neritic

22) The type of marine sediment that forms the thickest deposits worldwide is ________.

neritic, lithogenous sediment deposits

8) Which of the following contains silica (SiO2)?

radiolarians

75) Demand for which of the following resources has skyrocketed in recent years?

rare-earth elements

76) China currently supplies about 90% of which of the following resources?

rare-earth elements

80) Which of the following is the major environmental concern regarding the release of methane from the sea floor to the atmosphere?

release of large quantities of methane from the ocean causes dramatic effect on global climate

68) Which of the following is the most advanced technology used to collect sediment samples from the deep ocean?

rotary corer

3) Sediments that are poorly sorted were most likely deposited by ________.

a glacier

40) Calcite dissolves more readily in seawater that is ________ in temperature and ________ in pressure.

colder; higher

15) Sediments with an extraterrestrial origin are called ________.

cosmogenous

47) Micrometeorites are an example of which of the following sediment types?

cosmogenous sediment

67) Which of the following is a hollow steel tube with a heavy weight on top that is to collect sediment samples?

gravity corer

65) Collecting adequate samples from which of the following is the most difficult?

the deep-ocean floor

10) Sediments produced because of chemical reactions in seawater are called ________.

hydrogenous

45) Rock salt (halite) is an example of which of the following sediment types?

hydrogenous sediment

13) The most likely place to find abundant manganese nodules is on the ________.

abyssal plain far from a continent

6) Sediments produced by plants and animals in the sea are called ________.

biogenous

35) The White Cliffs of Dover are an example of which of the following sediment types?

biogenous sediment

36) Siliceous ooze is an example of which of the following sediment types?

biogenous sediment

38) Stromatolites are an example of which of the following sediment types?

biogenous sediment

48) Chondrites are an example of which of the following sediment types?

cosmogenous sediment

49) Tektites are an example of which of the following sediment types?

cosmogenous sediment

4) Which of the following is a biogenous sediment?

diatom ooze

43) The deposition of coarse-grained lithogenous material in neritic environments along continental margins is an example of the ________ of biogenous sediment.

dilution

66) Which of the following was used during early exploration of the oceans to collect sediment samples?

dredge

70) Shortly after the devastating 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake, the Chikyu drillship began an expedition to study which of the following?

earthquake-generated heat from friction

5) Sediments derived from preexisting rocks on land are called ________.

lithogenous

1) Sediment that begins as rocks on continents or islands is called ________.

lithogenous

29) Sandstone is an example of which of the following sediment types?

Lithogenous sediment

21) A very important way to increase the settling rate of fine particles in the open ocean is via ________.

fecal pellets

7) Which of the following contains calcium carbonate (CaCO3)?

foraminiferans

72) The main energy resources associated with marine sediments are petroleum and ________.

gas hydrates

73) Which of the following contains the most organic carbon on Earth?

gas hydrates

19) In general, polar neritic sediment tends to have more ________.

gravel than in tropical waters

12) Manganese nodules are an example of ________.

hydrogenous sediment

44) Oolites are an example of which of the following sediment types?

hydrogenous sediment

46) Marine phosphate is an example of which of the following sediment types?

hydrogenous sediment

2) High-energy environments are most likely to deposit which one of the following?

large particles such as gravel

79) Which of the following natural gasses is most common in gas hydrates from under the ocean floor?

methane

77) The ancient remains of which of the following, buried before they could decompose, are the source of today's petroleum deposits?

microscopic organisms

16) Cosmogenous sediment consists of two main types of sediment ________.

microscopic spherules and macroscopic meteor debris

69) How many holes have been drilled into the sea floor using a drill ship to collect cores for scientific study?

more than 2000

63) What percentage of the rocks exposed on the continents originated as sedimentary rocks deposited in ancient ocean environments?

more than fifty percent

71) The study of how the ocean, atmosphere, and land have interacted in the past to produce changes in ocean chemistry, circulation, biology, and climate is called ________.

paleoceanography

74) Which of the following resources found in ocean sediments has the greatest economic value?

petroleum

41) The number of organisms present in the surface water above the ocean floor is called ________.

productivity

11) Which of the following is a biogenous sediment?

stromatolites

61) Ocean sediments consist of particles that have slowly settled out of the water by which of the following the processes?

suspension settling

17) The particles found in some sediment that suggests that an extraterrestrial impact event are ________.

tektites

64) The term referring to the size and shape of sediment particles is ________.

texture

62) Which of the following statements about marine sediments is correct?

they record the timing and severity of some global extinction events


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