Oceanography Chapter 4
30) Terrigenous sediment is another name for which of the following?
lithogenous sediment
33) Abyssal clay is an example of which of the following sediment types?
lithogenous sediment
9) Calcium carbonate is most likely to dissolve in water with which characteristics?
lots of carbon dioxide and colder temperaturews
20) Pelagic clays contain lots of material that settles to the seafloor through the water column and are ________.
less than 3o% biogenous material
18) Sediments found on continental margins are called ________.
neritic
22) The type of marine sediment that forms the thickest deposits worldwide is ________.
neritic, lithogenous sediment deposits
8) Which of the following contains silica (SiO2)?
radiolarians
75) Demand for which of the following resources has skyrocketed in recent years?
rare-earth elements
76) China currently supplies about 90% of which of the following resources?
rare-earth elements
80) Which of the following is the major environmental concern regarding the release of methane from the sea floor to the atmosphere?
release of large quantities of methane from the ocean causes dramatic effect on global climate
68) Which of the following is the most advanced technology used to collect sediment samples from the deep ocean?
rotary corer
3) Sediments that are poorly sorted were most likely deposited by ________.
a glacier
40) Calcite dissolves more readily in seawater that is ________ in temperature and ________ in pressure.
colder; higher
15) Sediments with an extraterrestrial origin are called ________.
cosmogenous
47) Micrometeorites are an example of which of the following sediment types?
cosmogenous sediment
67) Which of the following is a hollow steel tube with a heavy weight on top that is to collect sediment samples?
gravity corer
65) Collecting adequate samples from which of the following is the most difficult?
the deep-ocean floor
10) Sediments produced because of chemical reactions in seawater are called ________.
hydrogenous
45) Rock salt (halite) is an example of which of the following sediment types?
hydrogenous sediment
13) The most likely place to find abundant manganese nodules is on the ________.
abyssal plain far from a continent
6) Sediments produced by plants and animals in the sea are called ________.
biogenous
35) The White Cliffs of Dover are an example of which of the following sediment types?
biogenous sediment
36) Siliceous ooze is an example of which of the following sediment types?
biogenous sediment
38) Stromatolites are an example of which of the following sediment types?
biogenous sediment
48) Chondrites are an example of which of the following sediment types?
cosmogenous sediment
49) Tektites are an example of which of the following sediment types?
cosmogenous sediment
4) Which of the following is a biogenous sediment?
diatom ooze
43) The deposition of coarse-grained lithogenous material in neritic environments along continental margins is an example of the ________ of biogenous sediment.
dilution
66) Which of the following was used during early exploration of the oceans to collect sediment samples?
dredge
70) Shortly after the devastating 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake, the Chikyu drillship began an expedition to study which of the following?
earthquake-generated heat from friction
5) Sediments derived from preexisting rocks on land are called ________.
lithogenous
1) Sediment that begins as rocks on continents or islands is called ________.
lithogenous
29) Sandstone is an example of which of the following sediment types?
Lithogenous sediment
21) A very important way to increase the settling rate of fine particles in the open ocean is via ________.
fecal pellets
7) Which of the following contains calcium carbonate (CaCO3)?
foraminiferans
72) The main energy resources associated with marine sediments are petroleum and ________.
gas hydrates
73) Which of the following contains the most organic carbon on Earth?
gas hydrates
19) In general, polar neritic sediment tends to have more ________.
gravel than in tropical waters
12) Manganese nodules are an example of ________.
hydrogenous sediment
44) Oolites are an example of which of the following sediment types?
hydrogenous sediment
46) Marine phosphate is an example of which of the following sediment types?
hydrogenous sediment
2) High-energy environments are most likely to deposit which one of the following?
large particles such as gravel
79) Which of the following natural gasses is most common in gas hydrates from under the ocean floor?
methane
77) The ancient remains of which of the following, buried before they could decompose, are the source of today's petroleum deposits?
microscopic organisms
16) Cosmogenous sediment consists of two main types of sediment ________.
microscopic spherules and macroscopic meteor debris
69) How many holes have been drilled into the sea floor using a drill ship to collect cores for scientific study?
more than 2000
63) What percentage of the rocks exposed on the continents originated as sedimentary rocks deposited in ancient ocean environments?
more than fifty percent
71) The study of how the ocean, atmosphere, and land have interacted in the past to produce changes in ocean chemistry, circulation, biology, and climate is called ________.
paleoceanography
74) Which of the following resources found in ocean sediments has the greatest economic value?
petroleum
41) The number of organisms present in the surface water above the ocean floor is called ________.
productivity
11) Which of the following is a biogenous sediment?
stromatolites
61) Ocean sediments consist of particles that have slowly settled out of the water by which of the following the processes?
suspension settling
17) The particles found in some sediment that suggests that an extraterrestrial impact event are ________.
tektites
64) The term referring to the size and shape of sediment particles is ________.
texture
62) Which of the following statements about marine sediments is correct?
they record the timing and severity of some global extinction events