Oceanography - Chapters 1-3
At which temperature does pure water have the lowest density?
100C
About how many calories are required to convert 2 g of ice at 0°C to water vapor at 50°C ?
160
The average salinity of the oceans is about ________ parts per thousand (‰).
35
An average value for the salinity of seawater could be (pick the best choice).
35 g/kg
At which temperature does pure water have the lowest density?
4oC (liquid) - wrong
Fresh water has its maximum density at ________.
4°C
How many calories does it take to heat 10 grams of ice at 0oC to 50 oC water?
500 calories - wrong try - 1300
Water covers ________ percent of Earth's surface.
71
Salinity
A measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid
GPS
A system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers.
The ________ wavelengths of light penetrate deepest into the ocean.
Blue
Which substance has the greatest density?
Cold salt water
Longitude
Distance east or west of the prime meridian, measured in degrees
Which latitudinal area tends to have the highest average surface salinity?
Equatorial areas (0° to 10°) -wrong
The proportions of the major salts in seawater are constantly changing.
False
The major ionic constituents of sea salt are normally found to ________.
Have a constant ratio of each constituent to each other, behave a conservative materials, and have the same ratio to each other even when diluted by rainwater
The following change would result in a density increase.
Increase in salinity
List the most 6 abundant elements or ions that are dissolved in water
Sodium, magnesium, calciumm potassium, chloride and sulfate.
Which processes cause surface seawater to increase in density?
Surface water evaporation; Sea ice formation
The polar nature of water molecules aids in water's solvent abilities.
True
Water is the only substance that occurs on Earth naturally as a liquid, a solid, and a gas.
True
Which of the following materials has the highest specific heat?
Water
The sharing of electrons between hydrogen and oxygen in a water molecule creates a chemical bond known as
a covalent bond
Evaporating two samples of seawater with a different salinity will yield
a different weight of salts
The bond between an electropositive hydrogen on one water molecule and an electronegative oxygen atom on another water molecule is called
a hydrogen bond
The separation of positive and negative charges on a water molecule makes it
a polar molecule - wrong try - all of the above
A place where water can be found on our planet is called
a reservoir
An electronegative oxygen atom on a water molecule will attract
an electronegative chloride ion - wrong try - an electropositive sodium ion
As water freezes, the water molecules which causes the density of ice to be than liquid water.
become crystalline; more dense - wrong
Heat is measured in ________.
calories
Which substance has the greatest density?
cold salt water
The transformation of water from a gas to a liquid is called
condensation
The polarity of water molecules is responsible for all of the following, except ________.
covalent bonding
Latitude
distance north or south of the Equator, measured in degrees
The transformation of water from a liquid to a gas is called
evaporation
The two processes that control the salinity of most of the surface waters in the ocean over the short term are
evaporation and condensation - wrong
The evaporation of water through the leaves of plants and trees is known as
evapotranspiration
The ________ of a substance is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms and molecules in the substance.
heat - wrong try - specific heat capacity temperature
______ is a measure of the total kinetic energy of the atoms and molecules in a substance while ______ is a measure of
heat; temperature
A water molecule can bond with other water molecules by ________ bonds.
hydrogen
If we freeze the surface of the Arctic Ocean, the salinity of the unfrozen water will
increase
The sun evaporates water from the surface of the tropical Pacific. The salinity of the surface waters will
increase
In general, as a substance cools its density will
increasee
The addition of salt to fresh water to form salt water ________.
increases the density of the water
The water molecule is a polar molecule which means that ________.
it has a slightly negative and a slightly positive side
Identify the four seawater constituents that are present in the highest concentration.
magnesium, sodium, calcium, potassium - wrong
The separation of charges on a water molecule
makes it a polar molecule - wrong try-all of the above
Density is defined as
mass x volume - wrong try - mass / volume
The gravity-driven descent of liquid or solid water through the atmosphere to the ground is known as
precipitation
Electrical conductivity readings at a known temperature measure ________
salinity
Density of seawater increases as ________.
salinity and pressure increase and temperature decreases
The transformation of ice directly to water vapor is known as
sublimation
The transformation of solid water directly to a gas is known as
sublimation
The dissolving ability of water is related to ________.
the attraction between the water molecule's positive and negative charges and charges on other atoms
The Principal of Constant Proportions states that
the relative proportions of major dissolved elements is constant
The largest reservoir of water on Earth is
the world ocean
The salinity of surface waters in the oceans ________.
varies mainly in response to the balance between evaporation and precipitation at a given locality
When water is evaporated from a surface exposed to air, the surface is
warmed; cooled - wrong try cooled; warmed
