Oceanography final

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139. "Red Tides" can be caused by

dinoflagellates

16. Challenger Expedition (James Cook)

first 100% pure scientific oceanographic expedition

101. The wavelengths of light that penetrate deepest into the ocean are

green and blue

98. The hydrogen atoms in a water molecules tend to bond to

oxygen atoms of another water molecule

71. An estuary in which salinities tend to be higher away from the ocean entrance than near the ocean entrance is a

reverse estuary

54. Atmospheric circulation model air trends to

rise at 60° north and fall at 30°north

113. Why dose the primary production in temperate regions change seasonally?

The amount of sunlight and wave energy change

55. Western boundary current can have well defined edges

True

26. Which of the following statements does not describe subduction zones

they are sites where lithospheric plates are diverging or pulling apart

11. An early proponent of continental drift whose work was not well accepted

Alfred Wagner

122. False

All chordates have a backbone

118. False

Cnidaria have a central nervous system

135. The name of the stinging cells on the tentacles of Cnidaria are called

Cnidoblast

17. Earths spherical shape recognized by

Eratosthenes

24. The first person to develop a picture of the large scale wind and current systems of the earth was

Eratosthenes of Cyrene

82. True

Eustatic changes are variations in the sea level that can be measured all over the world ocean

109. True

Evolution and extinction operate hand-in-hand to shape marine ecosystems through time

143. A niche us the physical location of an organism

False

23. The first awareness of the spherical shape of the Earth developed in Europe around 1450 with the work of Henry the Navigator

False

3. Humanity did not spread virtually to all inhabitable areas after the European voyages of discovery in the late 1400s and early 1500s

False

45. In the southern hemisphere Ekman transport causes coastal upwelling on the eastern margins of the continents because of the flow of surface water

False

40. The most abundant gaseous components of the earths atmosphere are

Nitrogen and Oxygen

10. A mystery in understanding plate tectonics has until recently thought to be... Recent evidence indicates the power to be

None of the above (gravity)

138. Open ocean environment

Pelagic

4. Why did the Chinese abandon ocean explorations in 1433

Political winds changed, and the cost of the exercise was deemed to great

115. False

Primary productivity is markedly higher in warm coastal waters than cool temperate waters

136. False

Seawater is salty because it is evaporated river water

2 most abundant elements other then hydrogen and oxygen in the world's ocean are?

Sodium and Chloride

75. True

The dynamic theory for tides focuses on the effects of celestial mechanics on sea level

66. The ultimate source of most energy for ocean currents is

The sun

46. Geostrophic gyres can be described by which of the following statements

They are turned by the earth the depend on coriolis effect and the position of continental land masses for their direction they form gyres around the perimeters of ocean basins they are physically large phenomena All of the above are true

44. Ekman Transport moves water 90 degrees to the left of the wind direction in the Southern Hemisphere

True

158. False

Vent communities are rare only 1 or 2 are known near the Galapagos Islands

68. Fastest currents

Western bound currents

7. Earth is layered inside, different thickness and densities how do geologists know this

from observing transit times of waves through the earth by earthquakes

81. If a beach is wide, with gently sloping with fine sands, we would expect to see

generally small waves winter and summer

48. Main force driving thermohaline circulation is

gravity

70. The main force driving thermohaline circulation is

gravity

93. Waves of high amplitude, restoring force is

gravity

39. The origin of submarine canyon is not well understood but is most likely

is erosional, started by streams during periods when sea level was lower

147. The coral reef community

is made up of various plants and animals including primary producer, herbivores and carnivores

125. The wings of the "most severely oceanic" birds tend to be

long, thin and pointed

21. The earth is still hot on the inside because

of the decay of large radioactive elements is creating heat in the earths inner layers

38. The trailing edge of a moving continental crustal plate is most likely to exhibit features of

passive continental margins

131. Residence time is

the average length of time an element spends in the ocean

154. Carbonate sediments are rare in deep sea sediments because

the carbonate shells dissolve in deep water

52. Power for tropical cyclones come from

the condensation of warm moist air

72. When the sun and moon are in line with the Earth,

the highest and lowest tides will occur

165. The major source of carbon dioxide in seawater is from

the respiration of marine animals and other organisms

87. The tides at any one location will result from the interaction of

the sun, moon, Earth, elliptical orbits of the moon and Earth, rotation of the Earth, size, shape and depth of the ocean basin -all of the above

20. The ocean originated from

volcanic gores and radioactive heating of the earths interior, and the heating of the surface by meteorites

35. The atmosphere

was not always as dense as before

73. The single most influential agent changing the shore and coast is

wave action

91. The distance measured from trough to trough of a wave is the

wavelength

63. Generally the fastest and deepest ocean currents are

western boundary currents

56. Cyclones tend to moves

westward and poleward in both hemispheres

79. The energy that drives the longshore currents is derived from

wind waves approaching the beachfront at an angle

95. Which of these lists is arranged in order from smallest wavelength to longest wavelength

wind waves, seiches, tsunamis, tides

89. An amphidromic point is

"no tide" point in the ocean around which the tide crest rotates

106. Average salinity of the world ocean is about

35 ‰

1. Earth is about

4.5 billion years old

51. During an El Nino event

a strong equatorial counter current develops in the Pacific

83. A wave of water moving up a river, initiated by tidal action and normal resonances within a river estuary is called

a tidal bore

18. When 2 oceanic plates collide

a trench will form and large earthquakes will occur

116. Invertebrates evolved

after the last of the snowball glaciations

140. The amount of gas that seawater can hold in solution will

be greater in colder water

104. In shallow water, the motion of water particles

becomes a back and forth motion near the bottom

121. Organism living on the ocean floor are said to be

benthic, organisms spending most of their time suspended in the water column are known as -pelagic

152. Of organic origin ie made by organisms

biogenous sediments

163. In photosynthesis, energy of sunlight ultimately rests in carbohydrates

carbohydrates

150. Select the finest particles on the list

clay

100. The ocean is stratified with respect to

density temperature salinity all of the above

92. Waves transmit

energy, not mass across the ocean's surface

96. The origin of sea cliffs, sea stacks, sea caves, blowholes, and arches are related to

erosion by waves

60. Hot air ____ and rises cool air _____ and sinks

expands, contracts

50. The islands bordering deep sea trenches are

explosive volcanoes that emit and esite lava

78. The Moon

has the greatest influence on ocean tides

80. Waves with the greatest propagation rate or velocity [celerity]

have the longest wavelengths

94. Wind Waves

have the most energy associated with them

114. The organism that consume autotrophs are called

heterotrophs

166. What is a heave compensator

keeps the drill string stable under rough conditions

108. A physical or biological necessity whose presence in inappropriate amounts limits the normal action of an organism is called a

limiting factor

12. Youngest seafloor rocks are found

near the rift valleys of the mid ocean ridges

132. Open ocean environment, over the continental shelves

neritic

8. The magnetic striping of the seafloor is considered evidence of seafloor spreading and

periodic reversals in the polarity of the earth's magnetic field

111. The organisms that produce food are called

primary producers

64. Weather may be defined as

short term, localized characteristics of the atmosphere

32. Wilson Cycle describes

the birth and death of ocean basins

110. The zone of lighted ocean in which marine autotrophs tap more energy than they use to stay alive is called

the euphotic zone

90. The only marine energy source being successfully exploited is

tidal currents

41. The Coriolis effect cause objects moving in the northern hemisphere to veer off course

to the right or clockwise when viewed from above

58. The dependable surface winds of the earth centered at about 15° north and south latitudes are

trade winds

123. The sharks, skates and rays are member of this group

Chondricthyes

37. Which drawing best represents a cross sectional shape of a ocean basin undergoing subduction

...

Other Questions

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Test 1

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Test 2

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Test 3

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Test 4

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42. Areas of vertical air movement (very little surface wind motion) are found on the latitudes

0° and 30°

34. Lithospheric plates move

3 cm per yr

15. The first life forms on Earth arose more than

3.5 billion years ago

9. An example of an object in buoyant equilibrium would be

A and B ice cube in water and plates on heavier material

47. Which of these is generally not an El Nino effect

A decline in the exotic species of fish and other forms of marine life in the affected water

84. False

A spring tide is higher than a neap tide, and only occurs during the spring and summer months in each hemisphere

65. If 2 oceanic plates collide moving fast & one is cooler older denser what will happen

A trench will form and large earthquakes will occur

159. The light penetrating depth depends on?

All the above

5. This was the first man to publish a reasonably accurate map of oceans currents

Ben Franklin

30. At which of these locations is the Earth`s crust thickest

Beneath Jasper, high in the Rocky Mountains

33. Evidence suggests the universe began about 14 billion yrs ago in a

Cataclysmic expansion of energy and matter

126. Marine mammals

Cetacea, Pinipedia, Sirenia, All of these things

103. False

Dynamic theory for tides focuses on the effects of celestial mechanics on sea level

142. Two valves, shells of glass like substance

Diatoms

141. The name for the invertebrates that evolved after the snowball glaciations

Ediacaran biota

120. False

Enchinoderms possess a vascular system that pumps blood

169. Data collected from remote sensing is better than other types of data

False (remote sensing and other techniques provide a full picture)

36. Eco sounding is a technique used to map the ocean floor using radar

False (sound waves)

62. Boundary between to air masses called

Front

119. Which is correct?

Gastropod=Snail

156. A zone in which salinity increases rapidly with depth?

Halocline

22. Most of the matter in the universe appears to consist of

Hydrogen gas

157. False

Increasing heat is an objects response to increase in temperature

168. IODP stands for

Intergrated Ocean Drilling Program

155. True

Life in the ocean is classified using Linnean taxonomic system

137. True

Marine algae are non-vascular plants

161. True

Marine algea are non-vascular

31. 1st person form picture wind and current systems of the earth was

Matthew Maury

88. A tide pattern of one high and one low each day describes

a diurnal tide

128. Seawater freezes at

a lower temperature than fresh water

13. Hydrothermal vents are located near

active areas of seafloor spreading

19. Hydrothermal vents are located near

active areas of seafloor spreading

149. Deep sea fish use bioluminescence

all of the above

97. Human activities that have contributed to shoreline erosion include

all of the above

102. Capillary waves

are first waves that start to form with wind

49. Continental margins are described by

areas of frequent earthquakes and volcanoes, where lithospheric plates are converging or are in collision

162. Oxygen enters seawater mainly

as a byproduct of photosynthesis

43. Extratropical cyclones typically form

at latitudes, at the junction between the polar cells and the ferrel cells

28. The Earth's oldest rocks are found

at the cores of the continents

117. Protozoa are

both planktic and benthic

74. A summer beach is characteristically

broad and covered with sand

57. When viewed from above tropical cyclones rotate

clockwise in the southern hemisphere

144. The most common pattern for benthic organism distribution is

clumped

14. Basaltic rock

comprises the actual seafloor

61. The transition between shelf and deep seafloor

continental shelf

53. Submarine canyons occur near the edges of ocean basins associated with

continental shelves and slopes

99. The ocean is slow to heat or cool. This is related to a property of water known as

high heat capacity

86. The side of the Earth facing the Moon will experience a high tide, while the opposite side of the Earth will have a

high tide also

77. Steep, narrow, rocky beaches are usually found in areas of

high wave energy

170. What is advanced piston coring

how soft sediment cores are extracted from the seafloor

153. Generated in place, on the spot where we find them

hydrogenous or authigenic sediments

124. In the gill of a fish, water and blood circulate

in opposite directions, which increases transfer efficiency

130. Greatest total oceanic primary productivity occurs

in the temperate zones

164. The density of a parcel of seawater will

increase when the salinity increases

145. Perhaps the most difficult oceanic habitat is

intertidal coarse black sand beaches

129. Ectothermic

marine organisms have an internal temperature very close to that of their surroundings

85. Water particles in a deepwater wave

move in circular orbits

2. In the scientific method

must be tested and verified by observations

112. The main inorganic nutrients necessary for the success of marine autotrophs are

nitrates and phosphates

59. A turbidity current is

none of these

67. Turbity current is

none of these

27. The mid

ocean ridges are recognized as- divergent plate boundaries

127. The major source of carbon dioxide in seawater is from the

respiration of marine animals and other organisms

167. What is the difference between riserless drilling and riser drilling

riser drilling allows drilling in hydrocarbon rich areas

25. Evidence suggests the universe began about 14 billion years ago in a

supernova

6. Glomar Challenger in known mainly for

taking the first deep sea sediments

151. Arrive in the ocean primarily from the continents via river

terrigenous sediments

107. The principle of constant proportions states that

that ratio of major salts in samples of seawater from various places is a constant

29. The word "oceanography" was first coined in association with

the Challenger expedition

148. According to Darwin the last stage in the cycle of reef formation is

the atoll

134. The term "salinity" refers to

the total amount of dissolved solids in the ocean

76. As wind waves move out of a storm area

the waves are sorted by velocity and form the swell

105. Which of the following is generally true for depositional coasts

they often support beaches they tend to be older than primary coasts they have been changed by wave action since sea level stabilized they tend to be straighter than primary coasts All of the above

133. The most pronounced thermocline exists in the

tropics

69. Western bound currents have well defined edges

true

146. Which of these statements is not true about estuaries

very few autotrophs live in estuaries but many animals can be found there


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