Oceanography final
139. "Red Tides" can be caused by
dinoflagellates
16. Challenger Expedition (James Cook)
first 100% pure scientific oceanographic expedition
101. The wavelengths of light that penetrate deepest into the ocean are
green and blue
98. The hydrogen atoms in a water molecules tend to bond to
oxygen atoms of another water molecule
71. An estuary in which salinities tend to be higher away from the ocean entrance than near the ocean entrance is a
reverse estuary
54. Atmospheric circulation model air trends to
rise at 60° north and fall at 30°north
113. Why dose the primary production in temperate regions change seasonally?
The amount of sunlight and wave energy change
55. Western boundary current can have well defined edges
True
26. Which of the following statements does not describe subduction zones
they are sites where lithospheric plates are diverging or pulling apart
11. An early proponent of continental drift whose work was not well accepted
Alfred Wagner
122. False
All chordates have a backbone
118. False
Cnidaria have a central nervous system
135. The name of the stinging cells on the tentacles of Cnidaria are called
Cnidoblast
17. Earths spherical shape recognized by
Eratosthenes
24. The first person to develop a picture of the large scale wind and current systems of the earth was
Eratosthenes of Cyrene
82. True
Eustatic changes are variations in the sea level that can be measured all over the world ocean
109. True
Evolution and extinction operate hand-in-hand to shape marine ecosystems through time
143. A niche us the physical location of an organism
False
23. The first awareness of the spherical shape of the Earth developed in Europe around 1450 with the work of Henry the Navigator
False
3. Humanity did not spread virtually to all inhabitable areas after the European voyages of discovery in the late 1400s and early 1500s
False
45. In the southern hemisphere Ekman transport causes coastal upwelling on the eastern margins of the continents because of the flow of surface water
False
40. The most abundant gaseous components of the earths atmosphere are
Nitrogen and Oxygen
10. A mystery in understanding plate tectonics has until recently thought to be... Recent evidence indicates the power to be
None of the above (gravity)
138. Open ocean environment
Pelagic
4. Why did the Chinese abandon ocean explorations in 1433
Political winds changed, and the cost of the exercise was deemed to great
115. False
Primary productivity is markedly higher in warm coastal waters than cool temperate waters
136. False
Seawater is salty because it is evaporated river water
2 most abundant elements other then hydrogen and oxygen in the world's ocean are?
Sodium and Chloride
75. True
The dynamic theory for tides focuses on the effects of celestial mechanics on sea level
66. The ultimate source of most energy for ocean currents is
The sun
46. Geostrophic gyres can be described by which of the following statements
They are turned by the earth the depend on coriolis effect and the position of continental land masses for their direction they form gyres around the perimeters of ocean basins they are physically large phenomena All of the above are true
44. Ekman Transport moves water 90 degrees to the left of the wind direction in the Southern Hemisphere
True
158. False
Vent communities are rare only 1 or 2 are known near the Galapagos Islands
68. Fastest currents
Western bound currents
7. Earth is layered inside, different thickness and densities how do geologists know this
from observing transit times of waves through the earth by earthquakes
81. If a beach is wide, with gently sloping with fine sands, we would expect to see
generally small waves winter and summer
48. Main force driving thermohaline circulation is
gravity
70. The main force driving thermohaline circulation is
gravity
93. Waves of high amplitude, restoring force is
gravity
39. The origin of submarine canyon is not well understood but is most likely
is erosional, started by streams during periods when sea level was lower
147. The coral reef community
is made up of various plants and animals including primary producer, herbivores and carnivores
125. The wings of the "most severely oceanic" birds tend to be
long, thin and pointed
21. The earth is still hot on the inside because
of the decay of large radioactive elements is creating heat in the earths inner layers
38. The trailing edge of a moving continental crustal plate is most likely to exhibit features of
passive continental margins
131. Residence time is
the average length of time an element spends in the ocean
154. Carbonate sediments are rare in deep sea sediments because
the carbonate shells dissolve in deep water
52. Power for tropical cyclones come from
the condensation of warm moist air
72. When the sun and moon are in line with the Earth,
the highest and lowest tides will occur
165. The major source of carbon dioxide in seawater is from
the respiration of marine animals and other organisms
87. The tides at any one location will result from the interaction of
the sun, moon, Earth, elliptical orbits of the moon and Earth, rotation of the Earth, size, shape and depth of the ocean basin -all of the above
20. The ocean originated from
volcanic gores and radioactive heating of the earths interior, and the heating of the surface by meteorites
35. The atmosphere
was not always as dense as before
73. The single most influential agent changing the shore and coast is
wave action
91. The distance measured from trough to trough of a wave is the
wavelength
63. Generally the fastest and deepest ocean currents are
western boundary currents
56. Cyclones tend to moves
westward and poleward in both hemispheres
79. The energy that drives the longshore currents is derived from
wind waves approaching the beachfront at an angle
95. Which of these lists is arranged in order from smallest wavelength to longest wavelength
wind waves, seiches, tsunamis, tides
89. An amphidromic point is
"no tide" point in the ocean around which the tide crest rotates
106. Average salinity of the world ocean is about
35 ‰
1. Earth is about
4.5 billion years old
51. During an El Nino event
a strong equatorial counter current develops in the Pacific
83. A wave of water moving up a river, initiated by tidal action and normal resonances within a river estuary is called
a tidal bore
18. When 2 oceanic plates collide
a trench will form and large earthquakes will occur
116. Invertebrates evolved
after the last of the snowball glaciations
140. The amount of gas that seawater can hold in solution will
be greater in colder water
104. In shallow water, the motion of water particles
becomes a back and forth motion near the bottom
121. Organism living on the ocean floor are said to be
benthic, organisms spending most of their time suspended in the water column are known as -pelagic
152. Of organic origin ie made by organisms
biogenous sediments
163. In photosynthesis, energy of sunlight ultimately rests in carbohydrates
carbohydrates
150. Select the finest particles on the list
clay
100. The ocean is stratified with respect to
density temperature salinity all of the above
92. Waves transmit
energy, not mass across the ocean's surface
96. The origin of sea cliffs, sea stacks, sea caves, blowholes, and arches are related to
erosion by waves
60. Hot air ____ and rises cool air _____ and sinks
expands, contracts
50. The islands bordering deep sea trenches are
explosive volcanoes that emit and esite lava
78. The Moon
has the greatest influence on ocean tides
80. Waves with the greatest propagation rate or velocity [celerity]
have the longest wavelengths
94. Wind Waves
have the most energy associated with them
114. The organism that consume autotrophs are called
heterotrophs
166. What is a heave compensator
keeps the drill string stable under rough conditions
108. A physical or biological necessity whose presence in inappropriate amounts limits the normal action of an organism is called a
limiting factor
12. Youngest seafloor rocks are found
near the rift valleys of the mid ocean ridges
132. Open ocean environment, over the continental shelves
neritic
8. The magnetic striping of the seafloor is considered evidence of seafloor spreading and
periodic reversals in the polarity of the earth's magnetic field
111. The organisms that produce food are called
primary producers
64. Weather may be defined as
short term, localized characteristics of the atmosphere
32. Wilson Cycle describes
the birth and death of ocean basins
110. The zone of lighted ocean in which marine autotrophs tap more energy than they use to stay alive is called
the euphotic zone
90. The only marine energy source being successfully exploited is
tidal currents
41. The Coriolis effect cause objects moving in the northern hemisphere to veer off course
to the right or clockwise when viewed from above
58. The dependable surface winds of the earth centered at about 15° north and south latitudes are
trade winds
123. The sharks, skates and rays are member of this group
Chondricthyes
37. Which drawing best represents a cross sectional shape of a ocean basin undergoing subduction
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Other Questions
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Test 1
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Test 2
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Test 3
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Test 4
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42. Areas of vertical air movement (very little surface wind motion) are found on the latitudes
0° and 30°
34. Lithospheric plates move
3 cm per yr
15. The first life forms on Earth arose more than
3.5 billion years ago
9. An example of an object in buoyant equilibrium would be
A and B ice cube in water and plates on heavier material
47. Which of these is generally not an El Nino effect
A decline in the exotic species of fish and other forms of marine life in the affected water
84. False
A spring tide is higher than a neap tide, and only occurs during the spring and summer months in each hemisphere
65. If 2 oceanic plates collide moving fast & one is cooler older denser what will happen
A trench will form and large earthquakes will occur
159. The light penetrating depth depends on?
All the above
5. This was the first man to publish a reasonably accurate map of oceans currents
Ben Franklin
30. At which of these locations is the Earth`s crust thickest
Beneath Jasper, high in the Rocky Mountains
33. Evidence suggests the universe began about 14 billion yrs ago in a
Cataclysmic expansion of energy and matter
126. Marine mammals
Cetacea, Pinipedia, Sirenia, All of these things
103. False
Dynamic theory for tides focuses on the effects of celestial mechanics on sea level
142. Two valves, shells of glass like substance
Diatoms
141. The name for the invertebrates that evolved after the snowball glaciations
Ediacaran biota
120. False
Enchinoderms possess a vascular system that pumps blood
169. Data collected from remote sensing is better than other types of data
False (remote sensing and other techniques provide a full picture)
36. Eco sounding is a technique used to map the ocean floor using radar
False (sound waves)
62. Boundary between to air masses called
Front
119. Which is correct?
Gastropod=Snail
156. A zone in which salinity increases rapidly with depth?
Halocline
22. Most of the matter in the universe appears to consist of
Hydrogen gas
157. False
Increasing heat is an objects response to increase in temperature
168. IODP stands for
Intergrated Ocean Drilling Program
155. True
Life in the ocean is classified using Linnean taxonomic system
137. True
Marine algae are non-vascular plants
161. True
Marine algea are non-vascular
31. 1st person form picture wind and current systems of the earth was
Matthew Maury
88. A tide pattern of one high and one low each day describes
a diurnal tide
128. Seawater freezes at
a lower temperature than fresh water
13. Hydrothermal vents are located near
active areas of seafloor spreading
19. Hydrothermal vents are located near
active areas of seafloor spreading
149. Deep sea fish use bioluminescence
all of the above
97. Human activities that have contributed to shoreline erosion include
all of the above
102. Capillary waves
are first waves that start to form with wind
49. Continental margins are described by
areas of frequent earthquakes and volcanoes, where lithospheric plates are converging or are in collision
162. Oxygen enters seawater mainly
as a byproduct of photosynthesis
43. Extratropical cyclones typically form
at latitudes, at the junction between the polar cells and the ferrel cells
28. The Earth's oldest rocks are found
at the cores of the continents
117. Protozoa are
both planktic and benthic
74. A summer beach is characteristically
broad and covered with sand
57. When viewed from above tropical cyclones rotate
clockwise in the southern hemisphere
144. The most common pattern for benthic organism distribution is
clumped
14. Basaltic rock
comprises the actual seafloor
61. The transition between shelf and deep seafloor
continental shelf
53. Submarine canyons occur near the edges of ocean basins associated with
continental shelves and slopes
99. The ocean is slow to heat or cool. This is related to a property of water known as
high heat capacity
86. The side of the Earth facing the Moon will experience a high tide, while the opposite side of the Earth will have a
high tide also
77. Steep, narrow, rocky beaches are usually found in areas of
high wave energy
170. What is advanced piston coring
how soft sediment cores are extracted from the seafloor
153. Generated in place, on the spot where we find them
hydrogenous or authigenic sediments
124. In the gill of a fish, water and blood circulate
in opposite directions, which increases transfer efficiency
130. Greatest total oceanic primary productivity occurs
in the temperate zones
164. The density of a parcel of seawater will
increase when the salinity increases
145. Perhaps the most difficult oceanic habitat is
intertidal coarse black sand beaches
129. Ectothermic
marine organisms have an internal temperature very close to that of their surroundings
85. Water particles in a deepwater wave
move in circular orbits
2. In the scientific method
must be tested and verified by observations
112. The main inorganic nutrients necessary for the success of marine autotrophs are
nitrates and phosphates
59. A turbidity current is
none of these
67. Turbity current is
none of these
27. The mid
ocean ridges are recognized as- divergent plate boundaries
127. The major source of carbon dioxide in seawater is from the
respiration of marine animals and other organisms
167. What is the difference between riserless drilling and riser drilling
riser drilling allows drilling in hydrocarbon rich areas
25. Evidence suggests the universe began about 14 billion years ago in a
supernova
6. Glomar Challenger in known mainly for
taking the first deep sea sediments
151. Arrive in the ocean primarily from the continents via river
terrigenous sediments
107. The principle of constant proportions states that
that ratio of major salts in samples of seawater from various places is a constant
29. The word "oceanography" was first coined in association with
the Challenger expedition
148. According to Darwin the last stage in the cycle of reef formation is
the atoll
134. The term "salinity" refers to
the total amount of dissolved solids in the ocean
76. As wind waves move out of a storm area
the waves are sorted by velocity and form the swell
105. Which of the following is generally true for depositional coasts
they often support beaches they tend to be older than primary coasts they have been changed by wave action since sea level stabilized they tend to be straighter than primary coasts All of the above
133. The most pronounced thermocline exists in the
tropics
69. Western bound currents have well defined edges
true
146. Which of these statements is not true about estuaries
very few autotrophs live in estuaries but many animals can be found there
