Oceans Homework #4 Questions

Concerned individuals can reduce their personal contribution to greenhouse gas emissions by doing all the following

-purchasing recycled products. -planting trees and increasing green space areas. -using compact fluorescent light bulbs in place of incandescent bulbs. -installing low-flow plumbing fixtures.

Match the term or phrase with the best descriptor. chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

-refrigerants

One of the main ways in which octopuses avoid predators is to __________.

-blend in with the surrounding color and texture of the environment

Which fin(s) is/are most commonly used for moving fast?

-caudal

Which of the following atmospheric constituents has the greatest ability to absorb heat on a per-mole basis

-chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Schooling behavior, as depicted in the figure, benefits the organisms involved because it

-confuses predators by constantly changing positions of the fish within the school. -reduces the mortality rate for individuals within the school. -reduces the probability that a predator will locate the prey species. -makes the group of fish appear as one large unit.

What does sonar data tell us about the seafloor?

-depth, shape, and composition

Nearly all of the larger organisms that inhabit sediment-covered shores are epifaunal organisms

-false

T. F Elevated levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, with subsequent absorption by the oceans, have caused an increase in ocean pH

-false

T. F Radiolarians and coccolithophorids are examples of zooplankton.

-false

All of the following are adaptations to life in the rocky shore intertidal zone

-holdfasts for attachment to rock surfaces. -ability to withdraw into their shells. -shell to cover soft body parts for protection from predators and desiccation. -use of biological glue and protein threads for attachment

Organisms such as a mackerel sharks and tunas that can maintain a relatively constant body temperature are referred to as:

-homeothermic

Where do dolphins generate sounds for use in echolocation?

-in the blowhole

Natural causes for global climate change include all the following except

-increase in elevation

All the following are adaptations deep-sea fishes except:

-large body size

In which region of the tidepools are kelp crabs most often found?

-lower intertidal

Match the organism with the appropriate habitat. fiddler crabs

-mud flats

The term nudibranch means __________.

-naked gills

The primary producers in chemosynthetic vent communities are

-archaea

How does sonar work?

-A sound signal is bounced off the ocean floor.

How are echolocation and sonar different?

-Echolocation is used by dolphins and whales, whereas sonar is a data collection tool developed by people.

Hypertonic fish that has a large volume of dilute urine

-Fresh water fish

How does Navanax obtain its food items?

-It follows the chemical trace of a sea slug or snail and then eats it whole.

What is one of the best ways to recognize a rip current as viewed from above?

-Look for turbid water caused by suspended sediment within the rip current

Hypotonic fish that drinks large quantities of water

-Marine Fish

What does a dolphin's melon do?

-The melon focuses sound waves during emission.

In the lower intertidal zone, what is one common adaptation that marine organisms typically exhibit?

-They are well camouflaged so that they can blend in and hide from predators during low tide

In the spray zone, what is one common adaptation that marine organisms typically exhibit?

-They have hard shells that prevent organisms from drying out.

How do rip currents form?

-Water builds up at the beach face and then moves away from shore in narrow currents.

A reduction in the strength of the Gulf Stream and a decrease in North Atlantic Deep-water formation would most likely result in

-a cooling of the climate in northern Europe.

Sewage discharge and fertilizer runoff is detrimental to coral growth because it increases the:

-amount of inorganic nutrients in the water that stimulates excessive algal growth

The nudibranch Navanax is a type of

-sea slug

What family do kelp crabs belong to?

-spider crabs

The three varieties of seeps on the seafloor include hypersaline, hydrocarbon and

-subduction zone seeps

How large can kelp crabs get?

-the size of a dinner plate

T. F Changes in Earth's orbit can impact climate by increasing or decreasing solar input

-true

T. F Changes occur in Earth's climate as a result of changes in the relative positions of Earth's tectonic plates

-true

T. F Coral reefs contain 25% of all known marine species.

-true

T. F Melting ice on land and thermal expansion of water are two of the most important factors causing sea level rise

-true

T. F One characteristic of hydrothermal vent communities is the unusually large size of organisms such as tubeworms and clams.

-true

T. F Photophores are cells found in bioluminescent organisms that may contain bioluminescent bacteria and the pigment luciferin.

-true

T. F Studying carbon dioxide trapped in glacial ice can be used to determine Earth's ancient climate

-true

T. F The concentration of methane (natural gas) exhibits the greatest current rate of increase compared to other greenhouse gases.

-true

T. F. The California gray whale is unusual because it stirs up bottom sediment in order to feed

-true

What is the common name of the octopus that is found in Southern California tidepools?

-two-spotted octopus, b/c it has a false eye spots that make it look bigger in size

Over the past 30 years, Earth's average surface temperature has risen by

0.6 C

What does NOT belong? A. anal B. caudal C. dorsal D. pelvic E. ventral

E. Ventral

The function of a swim bladder is

to allow fish to change position in the water column