OH&S ch 6

workplace air leading to environ illness:

- Adopt scent-free practices - Legally required 2nd-hand smoke policies OH&S -

In general, toxicity data for

20% of chemicals

Fume

Airborne respirable by evaporation of solid materials ~ steel, parent metal will vaporize on application of weld-level heat & vaporized metal will condense on contact with cooler ambient air < 1 micron or micro-metre in diameter. plastic extrusion & car exhaust, which can include fumes (from metallic additives) & vapours (from the unburned fuel).

Gas

Airborne respirable contaminant that is 1 of 3 states of matter created where temp is above boiling point. CO2 & O2

Vapour

Airborne respirable contaminants in gaseous form substances normally in solid / liquid state at room temp & pressure. caused by evaporation, airborne contaminant above any solvent

Mist

Airborne respirable particulate liquid droplets by: Condensation from gas state or breaking up of liquid into dispersed state of finely divided droplets 2 sources of mist generation. Spray paint & hair spray

Dust

Airborne respirable particulate, solid particles by mechanical~grind, crush, or sand Heavier: settle out of air under influence of gravity. Lighter: longer or greater settling rate

Custodial EE are at higher risks of illness/injury from acute, vs. ambient, exposure to chemical or biological agent.

Cleaning M knows acute exposure cleaner had not worked at that location before

problems - Custodians dealing with specific chemical & biological hazards

Custodial EE often unaware of hazards they encounter

7 Types Of Contaminants

Dust, Fume, Gas, Liquid, Mist, Smoke,Vapor

List 7 types of chemical contaminants found in workplaces

Dust, Liquid, Vapour, Fumes, Mist, Gas, Smoke

4/7 Controls approach:

Engineering Work practices PPE Personal hygiene

4 general characteristics & properties make solvents effective

High volatility, Ability to dissolve fats, Flammability, Vaporization

3/7 controls approach

Housekeeping Medical surveillance Record-keeping controls

6 toxic substances:

Irritants Asphyxiants Anesthetics & Narcotics Systemic Poisons Liver Toxicants Kidney Toxicants

Sanjay at Point Pelee National Park, disease at higher risk for & how to protects

Lyme disease; use insect repellant containing DEET

6 toxic substances

Neurotoxins Carcinogens Lung Toxicants Teratogens Mutagens Sensitizers

Vaporization

amount volume of vapour that forms from small amount of liquid

Dirty kitchen

bacteria in solid form salmonella, streptococcus, E. coli, infectious heptatitis airborne solid form fungal agents spores: aspergillis & pencillium

Unclean restrooms

bacteria solid form or suspended in liquid E. coli & solid form virus infectious heptatitis A

Exposure to toxic gases

can produce acute & systemic toxicity

Crab asthma experienced by snow crab EE in Newfoundland remedy

change employment to another industry

toxic exposure to chromic acid symptom to help Dr. assess claim

changes to his skin

Fat-solubility

characteristic of chlorinated solvents could result in liver problems from cleaners

Volatility

characteristic of solvent related to its speed of evaporation

Globally Harmonized System

consistency around world in: classification & labelling of chemical products

Require EE to regularly work overtime

could produce synergistic effect

Most negative effects of chemical exposure

derived from airborne respiratory contaminants known as aerosols

Chris needs to either hire pro or provide cleaning crew with:

disposable protective clothing: gloves respirators Fix & replace refrig & ventilation units, left to pro's

Ability to dissolve fats

dissolves skin's surface oils = more susceptible to infection or skin trauma

New hazards could arise while cleaning, fixing/replacing units

disturbance of mould in walls or dust more leakage from units irritation / asphyxia from cleaning solvents

Hearing loss can be caused by

exposure to chemicals in workplace

Flammability

flashpoint, lower explosion limit, upper explosion limit, auto-ignition temp: gas, liquid, solid ignites

Chemical agents

hazards created by 1 or combo of very large # of chemicals &/or physical reactions

Bruce services office printers & copiers, research states he is at

higher risk of MCS vs. zookeeper

Physiological system poison ivy effects

immune system

High vapour pressure

increases inhalation hazard, especially at higher temps

Low boiling point

increases rate of evaporation / generation of vapours

Low heat of vaporization

increases rate of transformation into gas/vapour

High volatility

increases speed of evaporation & increases health & fire risk

Id routes of entry

inhalation, respiration, ingestion, penetration, or skin absorption

Carcinogens & other probable substances include

irritants, asphyxiants, lung toxicants, & possibly sensitizers.

Size of typical airborne particle found in fumes & smoke

less than 1 micron

Custodial EE Exposed: residues in air & surfaces:

manufacture processes, service operations & human excretions sweat, body oils, from sneezing

Diff between fume & vapour

material in fume condenses with air contact

Low surface tension

more effective skin absorption

Manufacturing settings

most exposure to chemicals from breathing aerosol byproducts related to use of organic & inorganic solvents

Biological agents / biohazards

natural organisms / products of organisms that present risk to humans

Leaking refrigeration units

organic solvent in vapour form aliphatic hydrocarbon

inject at work Admin control to protect EE's from needle-stick injuries

provide education & training to all EE

In lab, HIV I & II requires same level of control as biohazard

rabies

4 routes chemicals can enter body

respiration, skin absorption, skin penetration, & ingestion

2 food-related biohazards cx food poisoning if not able to properly store food

salmonellosis & staphylococcus

Dr. said alveoli are seriously damaged, shape cilia likely

severely damaged

Cross-contamination

solid form bacteria & fungal agents anthrax, brucellosis, dermatophytosis if meat is infected

Inadequate ventilation

solid form fungal agents & smoke / vapours from cooking may contain metal particles from pots used

Contact irritant

toxic substance produce dermatitis

Part of respiratory system is spiral shaped & could be protected from aerosols by wearing face mask

turbinates

Fungal

type of biological agents, if inhaled, causes occupational diseases in farmworkers

Bio-safety Level 1 organisms, to protect himself from organisms he needs to:

wash hands before he eats lunch at work

overview of engineering:

work practices, PPE, personal hygiene practices, good housekeeping, medical surveillance, & record-keeping controls.

No toxicity data is available for

~ 80% of chemicals used commercially

Admin controls

- Education & training food hazards x-contamination, hand wash & good housekeeping -Complete & in-depth cleaning of all surfaces - PPE: gloves change regularly

Plant located in a valley

likely to create synergistic effect with airborne chemicals in manufacturing plant

Smoke

Airborne respirable particulate from products of combustion < 0.1 micron in size. tobacco smoke or smoke from fire

List 4 general characteristics & properties that make solvents effective

Low surface tension, High vapour pressure, Low boiling point, Low heat of vaporization

Engineering controls

new units get systems fixed & tested by pro large dedicated cutting boards for type of food colour-coded

Liquid

not airborne respirable particulate, can come in contact with skin & eyes splash or spill during manual mixing or pouring operations.

Medical Surveillance

record keeping & control measure to ensure baseline tests available when needed

EE most at risk of exposure to biohazards

unique / specialized jobs ~ medicine, research, & farming