Old people test 2

Depressive symptoms can place the older adult at risk for developing which other diseases or conditions?

Diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, hip fracture, vitamin D efficiency, & tooth loss

Psychologists may fail to recognize the symptoms of major depressive disorder in an older adult because they mistakenly assume that:

It's physical

The nephron is the cell responsible for the efficiency of which organ in the body?

Kidney

Found to contribute to major depressive disorder in older adults, which condition might be overlooked by psychologists conducting an assessment?

Lack of vitamin D, arthritis, hypertension, and tooth loss

Normal age-related changes in the lens of the eye results in which condition that afflicts all older adults?

Presbyopia

Middle-aged and older adults wear bifocals to correct for which age-related change in the eyes?

Presbyopia: loss of ability to focus on near objects due to thickening of lens

The World Health Organization defines health as having which qualities?

Complete physical, mental, and social well-being

16. The adrenopause observed in older adults reflects age-related changes in which hormone?

DHEA

The training of health professionals to work with the older population should, based on trends in chronic disease prevalence, involve knowledge about coping with which type of illness?

Depression? Alzheimer's disease?

People living in the "cancer belt" are at particular risk for which form of cancer?

Esophageal

Experts worry that future generations of older adults will experience more age-related hearing loss due to which preventable behavior?

Excess noise

Health professionals treating older adults with osteoarthritis are most likely to recommend which of the following approaches as a long-term strategy, particularly for individuals with mild symptoms?

Exercise and healthy diet, medication, or sodium hyaluronate injection

The "stroke" belt received its name because people living in this region tend to:

Experience all 4 risk factors: smoking tobacco, sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, & high intake of alcohol

The symptoms of social anxiety disorder involve, specifically, which types of thoughts and feelings?

Extreme anxiety about being watched by other people, and the fear of public embarrassment

People who have the anxiety disorder known as agoraphobia fear what type of situation?

Fear of being trapped or stranded during a panic attack

A 45-year-old man Is concerned because his 70-year-old mother seems unusually restless, tense, irritable, and prone to worrying. It is possible that his mother has developed which psychological disorder?

Generalized anxiety disorder

A build-up of pressure within the eyeball is involved in which form of blindness that affects older adults?

Glaucoma (peripheral)

27. Because it focuses on the degree of independence an older adult is able to maintain, it is important to healthcare practitioners to measure instrumental activities of daily living. This measure includes which type of criteria?

Going shopping, handling finances, preparing meals, completing housekeeping tasks, doing the laundry, using private or public transportation, taking medications

A 55-year-old man has a common age-related condition known as androgenic alopecia. This means that he is experiencing:

Hair loss (effects 95% men and 20% women)

Melatonin supplements, occasionally used by older adults to offset changes with age, may have unwanted effects such as:

Headache, short-term depression, sleepiness?

Of all forms of specific phobia, which of the following is most prevalent in the adult population?

Heights and animals

What is the Hispanic paradox?

Hispanics live longer than whites and African Americans (by years) even though they have factors that suggest it should be the opposite such as low SES and low education

In the disorder known as _______________, individuals continually collect objects that they don't need, are unable to throw out those objects, and may clutter up their homes to the point of being almost unlivable.

Hoarding

Within Dr. Emerson's study on physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk, which group of people were at highest risk for cardiovascular disease?

Mexican Americans

The family of an 83-year-old woman is distressed to learn that her recent development of the inability to get herself dressed, along with other memory problems, suggests that she is in which stage of Alzheimer's disease?

Moderate (middle)

The results of Dr. Emerson's study propose what physical activity recommendations for older adults?

Moderate intensity physical activity

What was the goal of the loneliness study done by Dr. Emerson?

The impact of loneliness on health care utilization among older adults (save money)

Which group in the population is at particularly high risk for developing osteoporosis?

Women, underweight, or having smaller bone structure

What is the approximate percent of adults 50 to 54 who use illicit drugs?

10%

The lifetime prevalence of major depressive disorder is estimated to be ____%.

16.6%

Based on prevalence data, older adults with bipolar disorder were most likely to have developed it by the time they reached the age of about:

25

Around what percentage of the oldest old (those aged 80 years and older) report being lonely?

56.63% (just over half)

Unlike the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5), the International Classification of Diseases makes possible diagnosis of which conditions?

?????

Which neurotransmitter is thought to be involved in the memory loss of Alzheimer's disease?

Acetylcholine

Which of the following is a documented risk factor for developing cataracts?

Aging, diabetes, genetics, excessive sun exposure, smoking, and obesity

Destruction of the _______________ is a consequence of emphysema.

Air sacs of the lungs

What did the results of Dr. Emerson's study report on physical activity levels and ethnicity?

All people should participate in moderate intensity physical activity regardless of ethnicity?

The condition known as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is used in cases involving:

Alzheimer's disease

Which disorder is thought to be caused in part by malfunction of the APP gene?

Alzheimer's disease

A mental health clinician is evaluating an older adult patient referred for neuropsychological testing. The clinician recognizes that small changes in cognitive functioning, occurring in stepwise manner, may most likely be due to which condition?

Alzheimer's?

Of the following, which category of disorders has the highest lifetime prevalence?

Anxiety disorders

Normal changes in the _______________ of the heart seem to play a central role in the aging of the cardiovascular system.

Arteries? Left ventricle?

In the disease known as ________________, the heart cannot distribute enough blood throughout the body to reach the major organs, causing the tissues to swell with fluid.

Atherosclerosis

Psychologists diagnosing Alzheimer's disease look for which key symptom in its early stage?

Beta amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles

The plaques found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease are made up of which substance?

Beta amyloid proteins

The increased release of elastase stimulated by cigarette smoking is thought to be a cause of which disease?

COPD

A 65-year-old man smoked all his life and now has ____________, a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

Normal changes in the cardiovascular system with age in adulthood are reflected in a lowering of which measure?

Cholesterol? Aerobic capacity?

Older adults may be more alert in the morning, and younger adults in the evening, reflecting age differences in:

Circadian rhythms

Changes with age in the dermis layer of the skin are associated with age-related alterations in which protein, also found in connective tissue throughout the body?

Collagen

The HAROLD model of plasticity and brain aging proposes that older adults show which pattern when completing cognitive tasks compared to younger adults?

If one hemisphere experiences deficits, the other will take over its duties (left and right)

A middle-aged man is worried that his 83-year-old mother may develop osteoporosis, a reasonable concern because she:

Is an elderly female

Results from Dr. Emerson suggested that loneliness that was reported ______ was significantly associated with increased number of doctor visits

Later in life?

Exposure to the asbestos increases an individual's risk of developing _______ cancer.

Lung

One of the primary causes of aging of the respiratory system involves changes in the air sacs known as the:

Lungs

Sarcopenia is associated with age-related changes in the___________:

Muscle tissue

Because neurons do not replace themselves when they die, proponents of the ___________ model believe that aging inevitably involves declines in brain structures and functions.

Neuronal fallout

A 67-year-old woman is constantly organizing and re-organizing her kitchen cabinets, wanting every cup, plate, glass, and utensil to be in exactly the "right" place. Her behavior causes her distress, and although she would like to stop, she can't help herself. This behavior would be

OCD

The behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases in later adulthood include tobacco smoking, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and:

Obesity and too much alcohol

Within Dr. Emerson's study on loneliness, who in the sample was more likely to report being lonely?

Older adults

A 72-year-old woman has been told by her physician that, because she is obese, she is putting increased weight on her joints, thus increasing her risk of developing the musculoskeletal disease known as:

Osteoarthritis

Clinicians seek to distinguish Alzheimer's disease from other neurocognitive disorders as soon as possible in their patients primarily because:

Other disorders that look like Alzheimer's may be reversible if treated early on

A BMI in the range of 25-29.9 places the individual in the category of:

Overweight (underweight:16-18.5, normal: 18.5-25, obese: 30-35)

Symptoms of depression in persons over the age of 65 are more likely to take which form compared to symptoms shown in younger adults?

Pain and abdominal disturbances (physical rather than psychological)

Diabetes can be traced to the abnormal functioning of which bodily organ?

Pancreas

In ________________ disease, the individual primarily suffers from disturbances in motor functioning, including having tremors, shuffling gait, and difficulties maintaining balance.

Parkinson's disease

What is one proposed strategy for increasing physical activity levels among older adults?

Participate in moderate intensity activity

When mental health parity for Medicare was passed in 2008 by the U.S. Congress, this meant that older adults could receive which benefit?

People on Medicare can now pay the same out-of-pocket expense for mental health that they would pay for medical care

A natural shrinking with age of the thymus gland contributes to the process known as:

Puberty? Involution?

A true Mediterranean diet would include relatively little of which type of food?

Red meat

The concept of plasticity in the nervous system refers to the fact that:

Remaining neurons take over functions of dying neurons

A 67-year-old former embezzler out on parole sees a court-ordered therapist each week. The therapist observes in her notes that he seems to be a good example of the maturation hypothesis. This means that the former convict shows which behavior?

Shows low prevalence of immature and higher prevalence of mature personality disorders indicating improved coping with symptoms

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is almost always caused by:

Smoking (obstruction of airflow to respirator system)

An 80-year-old woman is suffering from limited range of motion due to degenerative changes in her knees, shoulders, and wrists. If you were her physical therapist, you might suggest that she offset these changes by engaging primarily in:

Strength training exercise?

Researchers studying borderline personality disorder tendencies in older adults found those high in neuroticism to be more likely to show ______________ in which they create more problems in their lives.

Stress generation

Unlike memory loss caused by Alzheimer's disease, the symptoms of vascular dementia may be:

Sudden (as a result of stroke)

The somatopause of aging involves changes in which hormones?

Testosterone and growth hormone

You're the health care professional treating a 72-year-old woman who you determine suffers from arteriosclerosis. In explaining this condition to her, you inform her that this condition specifically is defined as involving:

The thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries

The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is controlled by which set of hormones in the endocrine system?

Thyroid hormones

The text recommends that the best advice for an older adult trying to maintain his or her digestive functioning is to:

To eat a diet that includes a balance among foods containing protein, complex carbohydrates, and fats

What may be a reason as to why older adults who report loneliness are more likely to seek out medical assistance?

To have someone to talk to

In Alzheimer's disease, neurofibrillary tangles cause what changes to occur within the brain?

Twisting of microtubules in the neurons within the brain

One of the reasons that gerontologists are concerned about falls in older adults causing serious fractures is that bone loss is typically most likely to occur in the:

Upper thigh just under the hip?

Metabolic syndrome, a condition that places an individual at risk for heart disease and diabetes, involves which of the following criteria for women?

Waist circumference >35 in, triglycerides >150 mg/dL, and HDL cholesterol <50 mg/dL

In general, guidelines for receiving cancer screening recommend that patients undergo systematic tests:

Weigh the risks incurred by this screening and keep up with the literature for your own gender and age group?