OM Final Exam
A work center had actual input of 280 hours and actual output of 270 hours. What is the change in backlog? A. 10 B. -10 C. 0
A. 10
The typical time horizon for aggregate planning is __________. A. 3 to 18 months B. Up to 3 months C. Between 1 and 3 years
A. 3 to 18 months
An activity on a PERT network has these time estimates: optimistic =2, most likely = 3, and pessimistic 8. Its expected time and variance (if it is a critical activity) are: A. 3.67 and 1 B. 3.67 and 6 C. 4.33 and 1
A. 3.67 and 1
What directly results from disaggregation of an aggregate plan? A. A master production schedule B. A transportation analysis C. A management coefficient analysis
A. A master production schedule
The critical path for the network activities shown below is _______ with duration _______. A. A-D-E; 13 B. A-B-C-D-E; 22 C. A-B-E; 11
A. A-D-E; 13
Which of the following is the term used for intermediate-range capacity planning with a time horizon of three to eighteen months? A. Aggregate planning B. Strategic planning C Material requirement planning
A. Aggregate planning
The critical path for the network activities shown below is _______ with duration _______. A. B-C-E; 12 B. B-D-E; 7 C. B-E; 6
A. B-C-E; 12
Which of these statements regarding time-cost tradeoffs in CPM networks is true? A. Crashing shortens the project duration by assigning more resources to one or more of the critical tasks. B. Crashing a project often reduces the length of long-duration, but noncritical, activities. C. Crashing is not possible unless there are multiple critical paths
A. Crashing shortens the project duration by assigning more resources to one or more of the critical tasks.
Which of the following priority rules minimizes maximum tardiness? A. EDD: Earliest due date B. SPT: Shortest processing time C. FCFS: First come, first served D. LPT: Longest processing time
A. EDD: Earliest due date
How is the EF computed? A. ES + Activity time B. Max{EF of all immediate predecessors} C. LF minus−Activity time D. Min{LS of all immediate following activities}
A. ES + Activity time
Which of the following is determined during the forward pass? A. Early Start B. Late Start C. Late Finish
A. Early Start
Which of the following statements regarding Gantt charts is true? A. Gantt charts are visual devices that show the duration of activities in a project. B. Gantt charts give a timeline and precedence relationships for each activity of a project. C. Gantt charts use the four standard spines of Methods, Materials, Manpower, and Machinery.
A. Gantt charts are visual devices that show the duration of activities in a project.
Which of the following is an aid used to monitor jobs in process? A. Gantt scheduling chart B. Johnson's rule C. The assignment method
A. Gantt scheduling chart
Which of the following aggregate planning models is a trial-and-error approach? A. Graphical methods B. The transportation method C. The management coefficients model
A. Graphical methods
When a set of jobs must pass through two workstations whose sequence is fixed, __________ is the sequencing rule most commonly applied. A. Johnson's rule B. Critical ratio C. earliest due date
A. Johnson's rule
What is the most popular example of specialized software for managing projects? A. Microsoft Project B. Microsoft Management Tool C. Project Apple D.PERT/CPM+
A. Microsoft Project
Mean time between failure (MTBF) follows which kind of distribution? A. Normal B. Negative exponential C. Random
A. Normal
__________ is the amount of time an individual activity in a network can be delayed without delaying the entire project. A. Slack Time B. Total Slack C. Independent Slack
A. Slack Time
Which of the following is not characteristic of a TPS employees? A. Strict job classifications B. Knowledgeable C. Empowered
A. Strict job classifications
Dependence on an external source of supply is found in which of the following aggregate planning strategies? A. Subcontracting B. Using part-time workers C. Hiring and laying off workers
A. Subcontracting
Which of the following is true regarding total productive maintenance (TPM)? A. TPM reduces variability through employee empowerment and excellent maintenance practices. B. Operators run their machines, but maintenance departments maintain them. C. TPM views maintenance and repair as a tactical issue, not a strategic one.
A. TPM reduces variability through employee empowerment and excellent maintenance practices.
The short-term scheduling activity called loading __________. A. assigns jobs to work centers B. assigns workers to jobs C. assigns workers to machines
A. assigns jobs to work centers
The correct sequence from longest to smallest duration scheduling is __________. A. capacity planning, aggregate planning, master schedule, short-term scheduling B. aggregate planning, capacity planning, master schedule, short-term scheduling C. short-term scheduling, master schedule, aggregate planning, capacity planning
A. capacity planning, aggregate planning, master schedule, short-term scheduling
The most appropriate sequencing rule to use if the goal is to dynamically track the progress of jobs and establish relative priority on a common basis is __________. A. critical ratio B. Johnson's rule C. shortest processing time
A. critical ratio
What focuses on developing varying schedules with the minimum number of workers? A. cyclical scheduling. B. finite loading C. finite capacity scheduling D. the assignment method
A. cyclical scheduling
In a service business with a highly variable demand, the general approach to aggregate scheduling does NOT involve: A. depleting inventory during slack periods. B. using labor to accommodate most of the changes in demand. C. depleting inventory during peak periods. D. building very modest levels of inventory during slack periods.
A. depleting inventory during slack periods
The objective of maintenance and reliability is to __________. A. ensure the capability of the system B. ensure that breakdowns do not occur C. ensure that preventative maintenance costs remain low
A. ensure the capability of the system
Conventional MRP uses time buckets that do not recognize capacity limits, and in fact ignores capacity issues. A more realistic scheduling system that includes work center capacities and other resource availabilities is __________. A. finite capacity scheduling B. the assignment methods C. the priority rules
A. finite capacity scheduling
Orders are processed in the sequence in which they arrive if the __________ rule sequences the job. A. first come, first served B. earliest due date C. critical ratio
A. first come, first served
The list of the 5Ss supports lean production by __________. A. identifying non-value items and removing them, in the "sort/segregate" item B. reducing inventory, in the "standardize" item C. increasing variability through standardization, in the "standardize" item
A. identifying non-value items and removing them, in the "sort/segregate" item
Which of the following plans are the job of the operations manager, working with other functional areas of the firm? A. intermediate plans B. long-range plans C. short-range plans D. All three: short-range, intermediate, and long-range plans.
A. intermediate plans
Loading: A. is the process of assigning jobs to work or processing centers. B. is typically managed using an assembly chart. C. is the process of assigning cycle times to operations steps. D. never considers process capacity.
A. is the process of assigning jobs to work or processing centers.
Forward scheduling is the scheduling of __________. A. jobs as soon as the requirements are known B. jobs according to their due dates C. jobs according to their processing time
A. jobs as soon as the requirements are known
What is the primary aggregate planning vehicle in service industries? A. labor B. capital C. management D. inventory
A. labor
The critical path of a network is the__________ A. longest time path through the network. B. shortest time path through the network. C. path with the most activities.
A. longest time path through the network
The three components that can lead to competitive advantage through effective scheduling are __________. A. lower costs, faster delivery, and dependable delivery B. Gantt charts, Johnson's rule, and loading jobs C. FCFS priority rules, SPT priority rules, and LPT priority rules
A. lower costs, faster delivery, and dependable delivery
Which of the following breaks down the aggregate plan and develops weekly schedules for specific products or product lines? A. master schedule B. disaggregation schedule C. short-term schedule D. breakdown schedule
A. master schedule
The objective of aggregate planning is usually to A. meet forecast demand while minimizing cost over the planning period. B. provide input to material requirements planning systems. C. to determine which plans are feasible in the coming months and which are not. D. specify what is to be made and when.
A. meet forecast demand while minimizing cost over the planning period
The objective of aggregate planning is to meet demand while __________ over the planning period. A. minimizing cost B. minimizing stock out C. maximizing service level
A. minimizing cost
The most realistic estimate of the time required to complete an activity is referred to as what? A. most likely time B. slack time C. optimistic time D. pessimistic time
A. most likely time
MTBF measures the average: A. operating time between failures B. number of failures per unit time C. number of operations between failures
A. operating time between failures
Aggregate planning for service firms that provide intangible output deals mainly with __________. A. planning for human resource requirements to manage demand B. smoothing the production rate to meet demand C. capital investment decisions to ensure proper equipment is available
A. planning for human resource requirements to manage demand
the three phases involved in the management of large projects are: A. planning, scheduling, and controlling. B. planning, scheduling, and evaluating. C. scheduling, designing, and operating. D. scheduling, operating, and evaluating.
A. planning, scheduling, and controlling
The 5Ss developed by the Japanese do NOT include A. safety. B. standardize. C. simplify/straighten. D. sort/segregate.
A. safety
A scheduling technique used to achieve optimum, one-to-one matching of tasks and resources is __________. A. the assignment method B. Johnson's rule C. Priority Rules
A. the assignment method
Which of the following allows a segment of the master schedule to be designated as "not to be rescheduled?" A. time fence B. freeze point C. pegging D. system nervousness
A. time fence
Flow time represents the time: A. to complete an order, including time spent in processing and in waiting. B. an order spends being processed at a work center. C. an order spends moving from one work center to another.
A. to complete an order, including time spent in processing and in waiting.
What is the formula for determining the number of kanban cards or containers? A. (Demand during lead time + Safety stock) / Size of container B. EOQ / Size of container C. (EOQ + Safety stock) / Size of container D. (Demand during lead time / Size of container) + Safety stock
A. (Demand during lead time + Safety stock) / Size of container
Which of these statements regarding service scheduling is best? A. Demand for labor is stable in a service system. B. Behavioral, social, and status issues are important in scheduling labor. C. Inventories can be used to smooth demand just like in manufacturing. D. Scheduling emphasis is on machines and material.
B. Behavioral, social, and status issues are important in scheduling labor.
What is the first step in the graphical method for aggregate planning? A. Consider company policy that may apply to the workers or to stock levels. B. Determine the demand in each period. C. Find labor costs, hiring and layoff costs, and inventory holding costs. D. Determine capacity for regular time, overtime, and subcontracting each period.
B. Determine the demand in each period
What is an information system for identifying and planning the enterprise-wide resources needed to take, make, ship, and account for customer orders? A. SCM B. ERP C. EIS D. MRP
B. ERP
Which of the following sets is determined during a backward pass? A. LS and ES B. LS and LF C. LS and EF D.ES and EF
B. LS and LF
Which of the following statements is true regarding lean sustainability? A. Lean drives out waste because waste has adverse affects on the environment, while sustainability drives out waste because waste adds nothing for the customer B. Lean and sustainability both seek to maximize resource and economic efficiency. C. Sustainability is focused on only the immediate process and system. D. Lean requires examining the systems in which the firm and its stakeholders operate.
B. Lean and sustainability both seek to maximize resource and economic efficiency.
The gross material requirements plan combines A. the net requirements plan and the aggregate plan. B. a master production schedule and the time-phased schedule. C. a master production schedule and the net requirements plan. D. the net requirements plan and the time-phased schedule.
B. a master production schedule and the time-phased schedule.
Which of the following occurs first within a production planning system? A. detailed work schedules for people B. aggregate planning C. master production schedule D. priority scheduling for products
B. aggregate planning
Which of the following begins with the due date and schedules the final operation first? A. due-date scheduling B. backward scheduling C. reverse scheduling D. forward scheduling
B. backward scheduling
What is a list of quantities of components, ingredients, and materials required to make a product? A. engineering change notice B. bill-of-material C. master production schedule D. purchase order
B. bill-of-material
Which of the following would likely result in the LEAST amount of inventory? A. Inventory levels are unaffected by the aggregate plan. B. chase strategy C. mixed strategy D. level strategy
B. chase strategy
What is the process of breaking an aggregate plan into greater detail? A. aggregation B. disaggregation C. decomposition D. S&OP
B. disaggregation
With respect to PERT and CPM, slack A. marks the start or completion of a task. B. is the amount of time a task may be delayed without changing the overall project completion time. C. is a task or subproject that must be completed. D. is the latest time an activity can be started without delaying the entire project.
B. is the amount of time a task may be delayed without changing the overall project completion time.
Gantt charts are: A. not widely used. B. planning charts used to schedule resources and allocate time. C. not easy to understand. D. widely used network techniques
B. planning charts used to schedule resources and allocate time.
Which column in Microsoft Project defines the precedence relationships among the activities? A. order B. predecessors C. relations D. successors
B. predecessors
Which of the following is NOT a Lean inventory tactic? A. use group technology B. use a push system to move inventory C. reduce setup time D. reduce lot size
B. use a push system to move inventory
Which of the following is NOT one of the features that an S&OP process needs to generate a useful aggregate plan? A. A method to determine the relevant costs. B. A logical unit for measuring sales and output. C. A forecast of demand for a reasonable long-term planning period in aggregate terms. D. A model that combines forecasts and costs.
C. A forecast of demand for a reasonable long-term planning period in aggregate terms.
Which of the following rules does a hospital's emergency room usually use for treating patients? A. LPT B. SPT C. FCFS within a priority class D. FCFS
C. FCFS within a priority class
What is a technique used to monitor jobs in progress? A. Gantt load chart B. ConWIP cards C. Gantt schedule chart D. assignment method
C. Gantt schedule chart
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the planning process? A. Short-range plans are usually for less than 3 months. B. Short-range plans are the responsibility of operations personnel. C. Job scheduling is made as part of intermediate plans. D. Long-range plans require policies and strategies related to issues such as capacity and capital investment, facility location, new products and processes, and supply chain development.
C. Job scheduling is made as part of intermediate plans.
Which of the following statements is NOT true about S&OP? A. S&OP is used to determine which plans are feasible in the coming months and which are not. B. When the resources appear to be substantially at odds with market expectations, S&OP provides advanced warning to top management. C. S&OP is also called an aggregate plan. D. S&OP is typically done by cross-functional teams that align competing constraints.
C. S&OP is also called an aggregate plan.
Which of the following priority rules minimizes the average number of jobs in the system? A. EDD: Earliest due date B. FCFS: First come, first served C. SPT: Shortest processing time D. LPT: Longest processing time
C. SPT: Shortest processing time
Which of the following is NOT a capacity option of aggregate planning? A. changing inventory levels B. subcontracting C. back ordering during high-demand periods D. varying production rates through overtime or idle time
C. back ordering during high-demand periods
What provides feedback to the capacity plan, master production schedule, and production plan so planning can be kept valid at all times? A. lot sizing B. MRP II C. closed-loop MRP system D. system nervousness
C. closed-loop MRP system
What is the shortest duration required to complete an activity? A. optimistic time B. most likely time C. crash time D. pessimistic time
C. crash time
Which of the following is NOT a Lean quality tactic? A. use statistical process control B. build fail-safe methods C. cross-train workers to add flexibility D. empower employees
C. cross-train workers to add flexibility
Cycling scheduling is usually used for scheduling A. jobs. B. machines. C. employees. D. meetings.
C. employees
Which of the following is NOT one of Taiichi Ohno's seven wastes? A. motion B. transportation C. energy D. queues
C. energy
What is a schedule that shows when an item must be ordered from suppliers or when the production of an item must be started to satisfy demand for the finished product by a particular date? A. lead time B. net requirements plan C. gross material requirements plan D. master production schedule
C. gross material requirements plan
What allows operations personnel to manage facility work flows? A. the assignment method B. WIPCon cards C. input-output control D. Johnson's rule
C. input-output control
What allows operations personnel to manage facility work flows? A. the assignment method B. Johnson's rule C. input-output control D. WIPCon cards
C. input-output control
What is a report showing the resource requirements in a work center for all work currently assigned there as well as all planned and expected orders? A. MRP II report B. pegging report C. load report D. closed-loop report
C. load report
Capacity decisions are most critical to which of the following? A. short-range plans B. intermediate plans C. long-range plans D. sales and operations planning
C. long-range plans
The critical path of a network is the: A. shortest time path through the network. B. path with the fewest activities. C. longest time path through the network. D. path with the most activities.
C. longest time path through the network
What is the lot-sizing technique that generates exactly what was required to meet the plan? A. periodic order quantity B. Wagner-Whitin C. lot-for-lot D. economic order quantity
C. lot-for-lot
The project organization may be LESS helpful when A. the project cuts across organizational lines. B. work tasks can be defined with a specific goal and deadline. C. the job is familiar to the existing organization. D. the work contains complex interrelated tasks requiring specialized skills.
C. the job is familiar to the existing organization
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding aggregate plans? A. An aggregate plan often examines a 3- to 18-month time horizon. B. For service organizations, an aggregate schedule ties strategic goals to workforce schedules. C. An aggregate plan is the output of S&OP. D. Aggregate plans use information regarding individual products rather than product lines.
D. Aggregate plans use information regarding individual products rather than product lines.
Of the following sequencing rules, which is considered to be dynamic? A. EDD: Earliest due date B. FCFS: First come, first served C. SPT: Shortest processing time D. CR: Critical ratio
D. CR: Critical ratio
Which of the following represents the FIRST step to crash a project? A. Update all activity times. B. Select the best activity to be crashed and crash it by one period. C. Find the critical path(s) in the project network. D. Compute the crash cost per week for each activity in the network.
D. Compute the crash cost per week for each activity in the network.
Which of the following is NOT true regarding PERT and CPM? A. Time estimates are subject to fudging by managers. B. PERT and CPM are useful in monitoring costs. C. PERT and CPM are useful when controlling large projects. D. Managers only need to closely monitor the critical path.
D. Managers only need to closely monitor the critical path
The latest finish of an activity is: A. ES + Activity time. B. LFminus−Activity time. C. Max{EF of all immediate predecessors}. D. Min{LS of all immediate following activities}.
D. Min{LS of all immediate following activities}.
Which statement is characteristic of a mixed strategy for aggregate planning? A. Mixed plans are less complex to develop than a level plan. B. Mixed plans are less complex to develop than a chase plan. C. Mixed plans typically yield a worse strategy than a pure plan. D. Mixed plans seek a minimum cost via a combination of eight planning options.
D. Mixed plans seek a minimum cost via a combination of eight planning options.
When using the critical ratio (CR) to develop a sequence, A. a CR of 1.0 means that the job must be scheduled first. B. a CR of 1.0 means that the job must be scheduled last. C. a CR less than 1.0 means that the job is ahead of schedule. D. a CR greater than 1.0 means that the job has some slack.
D. a CR greater than 1.0 means that the job has some slack.
Aggregate planning is concerned with determining the quantity and timing of production in the: A. next term. B. long term. C. short term. D. intermediate term.
D. intermediate term
What are two alternative names for process-focused facilities? A. continuous process and repetitive facilities B. intermittent and continuous process facilities C. repetitive and job shop facilities D. intermittent and job shop facilities
D. intermittent and job shop facilities
The difference between a gross material requirements plan and a net requirements plan is that A. the gross MRP may not be computerized, but the net requirements plan must be computerized. B. the gross MRP includes consideration of the inventory on hand, whereas the net requirements plan does not. C. the gross MRP does not take taxes into account, whereas the net requirements plan includes the tax considerations. D. the net requirements plan includes consideration of the inventory on hand, whereas the gross MRP does not.
D. the net requirements plan includes consideration of the inventory on hand, whereas the gross MRP does not.
The operations manager has two important tools available to deal with MRP system nervousness. Those tools are A. net and gross requirements. B. pseudo bills and kits. C. buckets with back flush. D. time fences and pegging.
D. time fences and pegging
Which of the following is NOT a demand option of aggregate planning? A. counter seasonal product and service mixing B. back ordering during high-demand periods C. influencing demand D. using part-time workers
D. using part-time workers
