open source software development methods

The abbreviation BDFL stands for:

Benevolent Dictator For Life

Which statement is true?

•A project should have a clear license to begin with. It may possibly make a change later if it really needs to, but that is often non-trivial if there are quite a few contributors

When using a GitHub public repository:

•Anyone on the Internet can download the data, but only authorized collaborators can upload information and modifications

You propose a new way of doing something, or adding a new feature. Another contributor points out this idea was reject previously. You should (Select all answers that apply):

•Ask whether or not technical abilities have evolved to the point where something that was not feasible can be done today •Ask whether the need for this feature has grown; the earlier discussion may have been premature •Study the previous discussion and see whether it applies, including whether or not differences between your ideas and the old ones were not seen

To use Git, you:

•Be on any operating system and version that has Git installed, and almost all do

OSS is (Select all answers that apply):

•Can be more secure because many developers can easily see the code, look for problems, and mitigate problems when they are discovered •Secure or insecure depending on the quality and priorities of the project maintainers, but at least users can judge this by open discussion and code inspection

For school systems at any level, use of OSS (Select all answers that apply):

•Can lower costs by letting older hardware be used •Can lower costs by letting low-cost or free software be used

Continuous Integration (Select all answers that apply):

•Can put a strain on developers who have to submit changes constantly •Can speed development, as wrong paths can be discovered before they are pursued for a long time •Can be costly to set up, as it requires a server and staff and training developers to use properly •Minimizes regression bugs, since thorough testing is done at every stage before release (i.e. continuously) •Speeds up the development process, as builds and tests are fully automated

When first getting involved in an OSS project, you should (Select all answers that apply):

•Consider what it is you would like to work on, either because it is needed by you, or it just interests you •Start by helping test and report results

FUD stands for:

•Fear, Uncertainty and Doubt

Which of the following are OSS projects used to construct a graphical user interface (GUI)?

•GNOME •KDE •Wayland •X Window System

Which of the following is a "copyleft" license?

•GPL

Sites that offer services similar to GitHub include (select all that apply):

•GitKraken •Launchpad •GitLab

You have worked hard on implementing a new feature for an OSS project and submitted your work. A senior maintainer liked you ideas, but ignored your implementation and substituted their own new one to the same end. You should:

•If the other implementation is successful at achieving its purpose, you should accept the result gratefully (after registering your displeasure that rather than reviewing and modifying your work, it was abandoned), and contribute to improving the new implementation as needed

On a project mailing list, someone inserts an irrelevant political, religious, or philosophical comment into an otherwise technical discussion and this is at least mildly offensive to you. A good and proper response could be (Select all that apply):

•Ignore the comment and just answer the technical issues •Politely ask the poster to not make such comments. If they counter with more and stronger statements, ask any discussion moderators to quiet the issue offline if needed.

Some one on an OSS mailing list introduces a political aside and perhaps a preference during a technical discussion. Appropriate responses include (Select all correct answers):

•Ignore the point and just address the technical issues as needed. •Acknowledge the issue but briefly without putting down anyone with differing opinions. Avoid amplifying

What is the correct order of the Continuous Integration process stages?

•Integration, Delivery and Deployment

Select the correct statement. GitHub:

•Is a private company acquired by Microsoft in 2018

Most open source projects fail in the sense that they stagnate and fade away. Is this bad?

•It is not bad. Many seeds are planted and only some bloom, and it is difficult to predict which ones. It is always good to encourage a lot of new ideas and methods, and let them compete until the winners emerge.

There are many tooling suites used for Continuous Integration. The most widely used one is:

•Jenkins

When there is someone in the project community that gets abusive or just difficult to deal with, you should (Select all answers that apply):

•Let established community members moderate the conflict •Actually read what they are saying; even if phrased in a nasty manner, the points might need addressing, and you can respond to them calmly

Which of the following document preparation systems are OSS projects (Select all that apply):

•LibreOffice •TeX,LaTeX and related versions

The Linux Kernel Continuous Integration Project was initiated by:

•Linaro

From a business perspective, use of OSS (Select all answers that apply):

•Makes marketing easier as some ingredients are already well-known and trusted •Enables use of ingredients from other sources and speeds development

With respect to criticism, an OSS contributor and reviewer should (Select all answers that apply):

•Not hold back, it is important to have open and forthright discussion •Answer thoughtfully and point out where one agrees or disagrees, where changes are accepted or not.

Select the true statement:

•OSS and Closed Source Software can co-exist in a product, but careful analysis should be done to make sure proper boundaries are respected and enforced

The majority of OSS projects carry out their discussions in English. Therefore (Select all answers that apply):

•One should always speak as clearly as possible, and while not being dull, think about the audience and what they will be familiar with

OSS projects should explicitly encourage diversity with respect to (Select all answers that apply):

•Race •Sex and gender identity •National origin and language

What are some considerations that go into OSS license selection (Select all answers that apply)?

•Should all modifications be public •Policy on patents

School systems can benefit from using OSS because (Select all answers that apply):

•Students may learn how to join projects and contribute from an early age or stage in their education •Students can more easily learn about how things really work as compared to using closed source operating systems and applications •As the world's IT infrastructure becomes more and more OSS-based, students will be better prepared to enter the work force especially as developers

When working on an OSS project, the best strategy is to:

•Submit changes one at a time in a sequential manner, even if the full change will not do much until the entire patch series is incorporated

The job of a mentor includes:

•Teaching contributors how to handle criticism, as well as how to give constructive criticism •Finding ways to empower people to give their maximum contribution •Training new project contributors in how to submit their work successfully in the right form

The git version control system arose from needs of which project:

•The Linux Kernel

If a project fails in the sense that it stops moving forward, it is likely because (Select all answers that may apply):

•There are not enough developers contributing •There is insufficient interest in the wider community of developers •Leadership is poor

Which statement is true?

•Use of Continuous Integration and revision control methods are independent, but are usually employed together

Select the true statement:

•Use of OSS has no predetermined effect on legal costs. It can lower them, since proper license enforcement can be built-in early, or it can raise them by having more people pick at the code if attribution has been sloppy

Developers working in OSS will:

•Will often find it easier to get good jobs because their work will be more open to inspection

To use GitHub and the other sites that provide repository hosting:

•You can work from either a graphical interface or a command line

Which method best describes the way Linux kernel is developed?

•benevolent dictatorship

Which method best describes the way Android is developed?

•company-led

Which of the following are projects emanating from the Free Software Foundation?

•gdb •gcc •glibc •bash

Which method best describes the way FreeBSD is developed?

•governing board

Linux began:

•in 1991 with an internet post by a student in Finland

Which of the following are widespread fully OSS Projects (Select all that apply):

•none of the above

What are the main types of Open Source Software (OSS) licenses? Select all answers that apply.

•restrictive •permissive