organizational behavior

Which of the following is an example of externally caused behavior?

An employee is late because of a flat tire.

Which of the following answer choices is the best definition of attitude?

Attitudes are evaluative statements of what one believes about something or someone

________ theory tries to explain the ways in which we judge people differently, depending on the meaning we attribute to a given behavior.

Attribution

________ is a pure marker of low positive affect.

Boredom

You wish to hire a person who is innovative, individualistic, versatile, and entrepreneurial. Candidates for this position would ideally have ________ classification on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.

ENTP

________ is an emotion that falls into the category of high positive affect.

Elation

Which of the following statements is true regarding emotions?

Emotions are caused by specific events.

________ is a participative process that uses employees' input to increase their commitment to the organization's success.

Employee involvement

________ is a pure marker of high positive affect.

Excited

According to the two-factor theory, which of the following statements would likely be true?

Fixing the conditions that make the employees dissatisfied will not make them satisfied.

Which is the best manner in which to deal with racial and ethnic diversity in the workplace?

Hold an orientation in which team members can discuss their differences.

Which of the following beliefs explains the usefulness of the systematic approach to the study of organizational behavior?

Human behavior is not random.

Motivation can be defined by three key elements. ________ is one of these three key elements and it is the element most of us focus on when we talk about motivation.

Intensity

Which of the following statements is true regarding job rotation?

It decreases productivity.

Which of the following statements is true regarding moods?

Moods are generally not indicated by distinct facial expressions.

________ is defined as the processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.

Motivation

________ is the study of the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations.

Organizational behavior

Which of the following statements is true regarding perception?

Our perception of reality can be different from the objective reality.

________ is the process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.

Perception

________ is the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others.

Personality

Which of the following statements is true about personality?

Personality is the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others.

________ is defined as the biological heritage people use to identify themselves.

Race

The "Big Five" personality traits include all but which of the following?

Self-confidence

________ indicates the tendency of an individual to attribute his own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors.

Self-serving bias

Which of the following statements is true regarding surface-level diversity?

Surface-level diversity, not thoughts and feelings, is mostly reflected in Demographics.

On average, managers spend most of their time doing which managerial activity?

Traditional management

According to the job characteristics model, autonomy is defined as the degree to which ________.

a job provides the worker freedom in scheduling the work

Research finds that when nothing in particular is happening, called positivity offset, most individuals experience ________.

a mildly positive mood

McClelland's theory of needs concentrates on which three needs?

achievement, power, and affiliation

Which of the following is a generic term that covers a broad range of feelings that people experience?

affect

Which of the following is an example of an affective attitude?

anger at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing

According to the two-factor theory, which of the following factors is most likely to create job satisfaction?

appreciating a job well done

Positive affect is a mood dimension consisting of ________ at the low end.

boredom

The act of discriminating can be positively utilized in all of the following manners except ________.

classifying members of a given race for marketing purposes

The belief that "violence is wrong" is an evaluative statement. Such an opinion constitutes the ________ component of an attitude.

cognitive

Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes results in ________.

cognitive dissonance

How can the gaps between what managers think employees feel and what employees really feel be reduced?

conducting regular surveys

Although discrimination has come under great legal and public scrutiny over the past years, still thousands of cases of discrimination occur every year. Which action would not be considered a form of discrimination?

conflict

Attribution theory suggests that when we observe an individual's behavior, we attempt to determine whether it was internally or externally caused. That determination, however, depends largely on three factors. Which of the following is one of these three factors?

consistency

We don't evaluate a person in isolation. Our reaction to a person is influenced by other persons we have recently encountered. This is known as the ________.

contrast effect

Emotions are ________.

critical to rational thinking

Though still generally accepted as valid, one issue that has been raised regarding Maslow's theory is that it is not applicable across ________.

cultures

Which of the following is not a management benefit of telecommuting?

decreased salary expenses

Differences in characteristics such as personality, values, and beliefs form part of _____

deep-level diversity

Which of the following is the major drawback of job sharing from management's perspective?

difficulty in finding compatible partners

With reference to the attribution theory, which of the following terms indicates the extent to which an individual displays different behaviors in different situations?

distinctiveness

The theory of job design suggests that the way elements in a job are organized can influence employee ________.

effort

Employees who have ________ were found to have improved attitudes once they talked about their experiences with their coworkers.

emotionally-challenging work events

Kathryn expresses her anger against her supervisor for denying her a well-deserved promotion. Which of the following terms best describes the intense feelings that she directs at him?

emotions

An individual's involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the work he/she performs is known as ________.

employee engagement

Job ________ expands jobs by increasing the degree to which the worker controls the planning, execution, and evaluation of the work.

enrichment

Basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific support is called ________.

evidence-based management

Which of the following is a type of discrimination that cannot be monitored or observed and may occur simply because the actor is not aware of the effects of their actions?

exclusion

According to the job characteristics model, ________ indicates the degree to which carrying out work activities generates direct and clear information about your own performance.

feedback

Beyond redesigning the nature of the work itself and involving employees in decisions, another approach to making the work environment more motivating is to alter work arrangements. Which of the following is designed to give an employee greater control of their schedule?

flextime

A major concern with the use of the MBTI is that it ________.

forces individuals into one category or another

rnal factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others?

fundamental attribution error

As organizational behaviorists, we organize characteristics by overall traits describing the ________ and ________ of a person's personality.

growth; development

According to research, which of the following factors is most likely to influence personality?

heredity

The purpose of organizational behavior is to ________.

improve an organization's effectiveness

"Dissonance" means ________.

inconsistency

The concept of self-concordance proposes that ________.

individuals who pursue goals because of an intrinsic interest are more likely to attain their goals

What are the three primary determinants of behavior in organizations?

individuals, groups, and structure

The degree to which a person identifies with his or her job, actively participates in it, and considers his or her performance as being important to self-worth is ________.

job involvement

What refers to a positive feeling about a job, resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics?

job satisfaction

According to the Big Five Model, a person who scores ________ is easily distracted, disorganized, and unreliable.

low on conscientiousness

According to the attribution theory, if a behavior scores ________, we tend to attribute it to external causes.

low on consistency

Which of the following terms best describes feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions?

moods

Which of the following mood dimensions is a pure marker of high negative affect? A) depression

nervousness

According to the Big Five Model, people who score high on the ________ dimension are creative, curious, and artistically sensitive.

openness to experience

Of the following attitudes, the best predictor of turnover is ________.

organizational commitment

By 2020, it is expected that 25 percent of the working population will be ________.

over 55

Two people see the same thing at the same time yet interpret it differently. In this situation, factors that operate to shape their dissimilar perceptions reside in the ________.

perceivers

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the "________" type are flexible and spontaneous.

perceiving

According to Gordon Allport, ________ is/are defined as "the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment."

personality

Job enrichment increases the degree to which the worker controls the ________.

planning, execution, and evaluation of the work

A ________ means that when nothing is going on, people are generally in a mildly good mood.

positivity offset

Which of the following is not a moderating variable of the attitude-behavior relationship?

power

Employees' beliefs in the degree to which they influence their work environment, their competence, the meaningfulness of their job, and their perceived autonomy is termed as ________.

psychological empowerment

Which behavioral science discipline is most focused on understanding individual behavior?

psychology

According to the two-factor theory proposed by Herzberg, which of the following factors is considered a hygiene factor?

quality of supervision

Many people take for granted the idea that human beings have a drive for ________, so none of us may completely lack this motivation.

relationships

Negative affect is a mood dimension consisting of ________ at the low end.

relaxation

Which of the following is not a core topic of organizational behavior?

resource allocation

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following is a lower-order need?

safety

Which of the following theories proposes that people prefer to feel they have control over their actions, so anything that makes a previously enjoyed task feel more like an obligation than a freely chosen activity will undermine motivation?

self-determination theory

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the "________" type are practical and prefer routine and order.

sensing

What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification of "S or N" stand for?

sensing/intuitive

When neither the perceiver nor the target has changed, which of the following factors influences perception?

situation

In the job characteristics model (JCM), which three core job dimensions combine to create meaningful work?

skill variety, task identity, and task significance

There is a connection between companies which have ________ and the incorporation of organizational behavior principles.

superior financial performance

Differences in characteristics like education, ethnicity, regional background, and gender form part of ________.

surface-level diversity

The two major forms of workforce diversity are ________ and ________.

surface-level diversity; deep-level diversity

Analyzing relationships, determining causes and effects, and basing conclusions on scientific evidence all constitute aspects of ________ study.

systematic

In order to predict human behavior, it is best to supplement your intuitive opinions with information derived in what fashion?

systematic study

The emotional or feeling component of a person's attitude is called ________.

the affective component

With reference to the job characteristics model, which of the following defines skill variety?

the degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities

The two-factor theory proposes that ________.

the factors that lead to job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction

When one creates a stereotype, they are using judgements on ________.

the group to which someone belongs

Psychology's major contributions to the field of organizational behavior have been primarily at what level of analysis?

the level of the individual

The ________ theory is also called motivation-hygiene theory.

two-factor

Which of the following theories indicates the existence of a dual continuum?

two-factor theory

Although diversity does present many opportunities for organizations, effective diversity management means also working to eliminate ________.

unfair discrimination

Increasingly, research on motivation focuses on approaches that link motivational concepts to changes in the way ________ is/are structured.

work

Highly conscientious individuals may tend to do all but which of the following?

work to create new and more effective methods

Which of the following is not a consequence of discrimination for employers?

workplace diversity