Organizational Behavior ch 1-4

what causes job satisfaction? for most people is pay or work itself more important

- personality can influence job satisfaction. *negative people are usually not satisfied with their jobs. *those with positive core self evaluation are more satisfied - pay influences job satisfaction only to an extent. money may bring happiness but not necessarily job satisfaction.

efficiency

. A performance measure that includes effectiveness and efficiency

what are the major 3 job attitudes? in what ways are these attitudes alike and what is unique about each of them?

1- Job satisfaction: a positive feeling about the job. 2- Job Involvement: degree of psychological identification with the job where perceived performance is important to to self worth. 3- psychological empowerment: belief that a person is in charge of influence over their job. these attitudes are highly related. variables may be redundant (measuring the same thing under a different name) while there is some distinction theres also a lot of overlap.

how do we measure job satisfaction?

1- single global rating (one question/one answer) BEST 2- summation score (many questions/ one average answer) OK

perception

A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment. People's behavior is based on their perception of what reality is, not on reality itself. The world as it is perceived is the world that is behaviorally important.

1) In the real world, what do people typically do? A) Follow the rational decision-making model B) Find an acceptable solution C) Seek an optimal decision D) Remain unbiased and objective E) Obtain complete information

B) find an acceptable solution

what do managers do in terms of functions, roles and skills?

Functions: planning, leading, organizing, controlling. Roles: Informational, decisional, interpersonal. Skills: technical, human, conceptual.

Katz identified 3 essential management skills, what are they?

Technical Skills The ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise. Human Skills The ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people, both individually and in groups. Conceptual Skills The mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations.

productivity

The ratio of effective output to the input required to achieve

Psychology

The science that seeks to measure, explain and sometimes change the behavior of humans and animals

importance of interpersonal skills

Understanding OB helps determine manager effectiveness: Technical and quantitative skills are important But leadership and communication skills are CRITICAL Organizational benefits of skilled managers Lower turnover of quality employees Higher quality applications for recruitment Better financial performance

rational decision making model

a decision making model that describes how individuals should behave in order to maximize best outcome. 1- define the problem. 2- identify decision criteria 3-allocate weights to the criteria 4-come up with alternatives 5-evaluate alternatives 6-pick the best alternative

what is the Myers-Briggs indicator and what does it measure?

a personality test where participants are classified on four different axes to determine which one of 16 personality types they are. such as ENTJ.

bounded rationality

a process of making decisions by consutrcting simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity

effectiveness

achievement of goals

attribution theory

an attempt to determine wether an individual's behavior is externally or internally caused. internal causes are under that person's control while external causes are not, the person is forced to act in that way. Causation is judged through: - distinctiveness: shows different behavior in different situations. - consensus: response is the same as others to same situation. - consistency: responds is the same way over time.

If a person responds the same way over time, attribution theory states that the behavior shows_____________

consistency

Your rating in a job interview is high in contrast to the candidate who was interviewed directly before you, who was rated very low. Your own high rating might be partially attributed to ----

contrast effects

Today's managers understand that the success of any effort at improving quality and product include:

employees

what term is used for an increased commitment to a previous decision in spite of negative information?

escalation of commitment

what are the big 5 personality traits?

extroversion = sociable agreeableness = cooperative conscientiousness = responsible emotional stability = calm and self confident openness to experience = curious

factors that influence perception

factors in the perceiver: attitudes, motives, expectations, interests, experience factors in the situation: time, work setting, social setting factors in the target: proximity, size, background, similarity.

An individual's expectations have little effect on perception. True, False

false

Interviewers make perceptual judgments that are generally accurate during an Employment interview. True, False

false

Managers are generally the only ones who make decisions in an organization. True, False

false

the term used for a general impression about an individual based on a single characteristic such as intelligence, sociability or appearance?

halo effect

According to the textbook, when diversity is NOT managed properly, there is a potential for:

high turnover

how does the big five traits model work?

highly conscientious people develop more job knowledge, exert greater effort and have a better performance. emotional stability is related to job satisfaction. extroverts tend to be happier in their jobs and have better social skills. open people are more creative and agreeable people are good in social settings.

what is Ability? its two types? how is it related to OB?

it is an individual's capacity to perform various tasks in a job. Intellectual ability are the abilities needed to perform mental activities such as thinking and reasoning. There is no correlation between intelligence and job satisfaction. Physical ability is capacity to perform tasks demanding stamina, dexterity and similar characteristics.

When the police began searching for a serial killer, they stopped vehicles carrying only white males. What are the police engaging in?

profiling

Because it is impossible for us to assimilate everything we perceive, we engage in_____

selective perception

Organizational Behavior

the field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups or structure have on behavior within an organization for the purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving an organization's effectiveness.

Attribution theory looks at the internal and external causes of behavior, True, False

true

Behavior is generally predictable and the systematic study of behavior is a means of making more accurate predictions. True, False

true

Cultures differ in their emphasis on the important of personality. True, False

true

Intuition comes from "gut feeling" about the state of something. True, False

true

People overestimate the accuracy of what they think they know. True, False

true

Perception refers to the way we organize and interpret the world around us. True, False

true

The relationship of a target to its background influences our perceptions of that target. True, False

true

Stereotyping

when we judge someone on the basis of our perception of the group to which he/she belongs?