Organizational Behavior Ch. 5/6/7/8 Exam #2

The core elements of organizational behavior modification are depicted by the A-B-C model in which A, B, and C stand for A. antecedents, behavior, and consequences. B. attitude, bearing, and conviction. C. activity, balance, and conscientiousness. D. action, behavior, and conformity

A. antecedents, behavior, and consequences

Sansa and Shuki are managers at ABC Corporation. Shuki is having problems in his department due to lack of innovation. In response, he consults the corporate procedures manual and speaks with his boss about the right way to solve the problem. Sansa is also having a similar problem in her own department but decides to confront it by hosting team luncheons where she can learn new perspectives and discuss new "outside the box" ways to deal with the problem. Sansa is an example of a(n) ________ thinker. A. divergent B. convergent C. conservative D. procedural

A. Divergent (Incubation assists divergent thinking—reframing the problem in a unique way and generating different approaches to the issue)

Which of the following statements is true about the drives of people? A. Drives are innate and universal to human beings. B. Drives include only the basic physiological essentials of individuals. C. Drives refer to the secondary needs of individuals. D. Emotions that energize individuals to act on their environment produce drives

A. Drives are innate and universal to human beings

Which of the following statements is TRUE about intuition? A. It is both an emotional experience and a rapid nonconscious analytic process. B. It relies on non action scripts. C. All emotional signals are intuition. D. It excludes comparison of observations that are deeply held patterns learned through experience

A. It is both an emotional experience and a rapid nonconscious analytic process

Paul has worked in the same office at DEF Insurance LLC for 6 years. He has been very ambitious during his years at the company. Although he started as an insurance agent, he has recently been promoted to the position of agency manager and proudly displays all his awards on the wall of his new office. He is very proud of his status and accomplishments. According to the four-drive theory, Paul most likely has a high drive to A. acquire. B. comprehend. C. accept. D. Defend

A. acquire

The desire to seek approval from others, conform to their wishes and expectations, and avoid conflict and confrontations is referred to as the need for A. affiliation. B. achievement. C. safety. D. Power

A. affiliation

Team cohesiveness tends to be higher when A. the team is sufficiently small. B. members have limited interaction. C. the team has distinct faultlines. D. entry into the team is unrestricted

A. the team is sufficiently small

The employees at Keyboard Corporation are extremely motivated to achieve their work-related goals, and they believe the company gives them the resources to do so. These employees are high in A. employee engagement. B. emotional consistency C. self-esteem. D. personal fortitude

A. employee engagement

The company cafeteria had become overcrowded at lunchtime over the last few months, creating slower food lines and less seating. Employees were beginning to grumble. Expanding the lunchroom wasn't in this year's budget, so management called a meeting to discuss the problem and invited any employee who would like to attend. Several production employees attended the meeting and said several months ago they were assigned to eat lunch at the same time. These employees who attended the meeting suggested a way to stagger lunchtimes that wouldn't interfere with productivity. This is an example of A. employee involvement. B. self-justification effect. C. Post-decisional justification. D. escalation of commitment

A. employee involvement

What theory suggests that employee motivation is influenced by what other people contribute to and receive from the organization? A. equity theory B. goal-setting theory C. needs-based theory D. expectancy theory

A. equity theory

Which of the following communication channels has the lowest media richness? A. financial statement B. email C. videoconference D. telephone call

A. financial statements

According to the communication model, which of the following represents the first three steps in sequence? A. form message, encode message, and transmit message B. form message, transmit message, and decode message C. encode message, transmit message, and receive message D. decode message, encode message, and provide feedback

A. form message, encode message, and transmit message

Calculus, knowledge, and identification are the three A. foundations of trust in teams. B. values of self-directed teams. C. characteristics of virtual teams. D. ways to improve team cohesiveness

A. foundations of trust in teams

People tend to be more creative when they A. have a reasonable level of job security. B. are under extreme time pressure. C. are secluded from others in the organization. D. have relatively low experience

A. have a reasonable level of job security

Self-directed teams A. have substantial autonomy over the execution of a task. B. usually exist as communities of practice. C. are informal groups that exist in an organization. D. consist of a group of employees who are subject to methodical supervision

A. have substantial autonomy over the execution of a task

Alvin, the production manager of Paragon Company, wants to select the best supplier of raw materials from among several vendors. He has several choices and has done research into which company provides the best services and products. One company is known to be extremely timely, another is much lower in price but often late in deliveries, and the third is well-known to provide the highest quality products available. According to the rational choice decision-making process, the first step in solving this problem would be to A. identify the problem or opportunity. B. research the problem. C. choose the best decision process. D. evaluate the decision inputs

A. identify the problem or opportunity

Which of the following statements is TRUE about communication within a corporate organization? A. It is important in the decision-making process. B. It is typically done through informal rather than formal mediums. C. It hardly influences the behavior of people at a workplace D. It usually hampers employee well-being as it increases stress in the work environment

A. it is important in the decision-making process

Which of the following statements is TRUE about email? A. It is usually inappropriate for ambiguous and novel situations. B. It is often more diplomatic than written letters. C. It reduces information overload. D. It is a poor medium to use for well-defined situations

A. it is usually inappropriate for ambiguous and novel situations

The ________ model identifies five core job dimensions that produce three psychological states. A. job characteristics B. motivator-hygiene theory C. four-drive theory D. equity theory

A. job characteristics

Keeping the team size sufficiently small and designing tasks such that each team member's contribution is more noticeable are some of the ways to A. minimize social loafing. B. add more roles to the team. C. minimize team cohesiveness. D. increase the risk of forming dysfunctional norms

A. minimize social loafing

High team efficacy can cause team members to be ________ their decisions. A. overconfident about B. hesitant and doubtful about C. more aware of the characteristics of D. uncomfortable with

A. overconfident about

In the communication process, filtering occurs when A. people communicate mainly positive information about themselves by screening out negative information. B. the sender carefully selects words that the receiver is most likely to understand correctly. C. the receiver removes noise from the communication process so that the sender's message is more accurately understood. D. an organization is able to prevent grapevine communication by sending the information more quickly through newsletters and other formal communication channels

A. people communicate mainly positive information about themselves by screening out negative information

Sofia works for Galaxy Manufacturing Inc., where her team shares a machine and materials with another team that works a different shift. Each team is responsible for ensuring that the machine is in working order and the work area is fully stocked before handing it over to the other team at shift change. While working, Sofia begins the manufacturing process, and then passes her work along to her teammate, Amanda, to complete the next step of the process. After this, Amanda passes it along to Nick to complete the process. The two teams sharing a work space and machine is known as A. pooled interdependence. B. complete interdependence. C. sequential interdependence. D. reciprocal interdependence

A. pooled interdependence

A learned need in which people want to exercise control over others is referred to as the need for A. power. B. safety. C. affiliation. D. Achievement

A. power

Brainstorming requires team members to A. provide as many ideas as possible. B. openly criticize each other's ideas. C. avoid presenting ideas that seem silly. D. present only feasible ideas in discussions

A. provide as many ideas as possible

At Sunshine Toys, several employees must work together to develop a new product. No one in this group has worked with any of the others before, and the development of this product has not been attempted previously. The most effective medium of communication in this situation would be one that is A. rich. B. lean. C. routine. D. Informal

A. rich

Which of the following is the highest-level need in Maslow's hierarchy of needs? A. self-actualization B. esteem C. safety D. power

A. self-actualization

Synergie Inc. formed a team to improve revenues for its service stations along major highways in Malaysia. This team, which included a service station manager, a truck driver, and four or five marketing executives, disbanded after it had reviewed the Malaysian service stations and submitted a business plan. This team is called a(n) A. task force team. B. bootleg group. C. informal group. D. skunkworks team

A. task force team

Which drive in the four-drive theory is reactive rather than proactive? A. the drive to defend B. the drive to acquire C. the drive to bond D. the drive to learn

A. the drive to defend

________ is the tendency to experience stronger negative emotions when losing something of value than the positive emotions experienced when gaining something of equal value. A. Prospect theory effect B. Bounded rationality C. Nonprogrammed decision making D. Intuition

A.prospect theory effect

According to business leaders, how should people make decisions in organizations? A. Effective decision making relies primarily on intuition. B. Effective decision making involves identifying, selecting, and applying the best possible alternative. C. Effective decision making aims for maximization, D. Effective decision making depends on first choosing the best decision process and then engaging in satisficing

B. Effective decision making involves identifying, selecting, and applying the best possible alternative

Which of the following statements is TRUE about organizational conditions and their effects on creativity? A. It is usually clear how much pressure should be exerted on employees to produce creative ideas. B. Extreme time pressures are well-known creativity inhibitors. C. The authority to experiment usually hampers creativity among employees. D. Lack of pressure always seems to produce the highest creativity among employees

B. Extreme time pressures are well-known creative inhibitors

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the rational decision-making model? A. There are five steps in the rational choice decision-making process. B. Rational choice decision making selects the best alternative by calculating the probability that various outcomes will occur from the choices. C. It has remained alien to Western societies for many centuries. D. It is a very recent decision-making philosophy that emerged after World War II

B. Rational choice decision making selects the best alternative by calculating the probability that various outcomes will occur from the choices

When the factory needed to get production up, it instituted a reward system that sent the most productive employees on a trip to Florida. Harris, however, hated to travel and didn't know how to swim, so he slacked off on his production. According to the expectancy theory, this reward had ________ for Harris. A. an inappropriate comparison other B. a negative outcome valence C. a high E-to-P expectancy D. a low P-to-O expectancy

B. a negative outcome valence

Management by walking around (MBWA) refers to A. an old strategy that results in ineffective upward communication. B. a practice in which executives get out of their offices and learn from others in the organization through casual face-to-face dialogue. C. the process used by new executives to get familiar with their new office design and layout. D. a communication process that should be used only when executives need to explain corporate decisions to the lower-level employees

B. a practice in which executives get out of their offices and learn from others in the organization through casual face-to-face dialogue

During the ________ stage of team development, team members shift their attention away from task orientation to a relationship focus. A. storming B. adjourning C. forming D. norming

B. adjourning

In organizational communication, "flaming" generally refers to A. ranting and raving in front of a large audience. B. an emotionally charged email that communicates strong negative emotions. C. using hand gestures during times of emergency. D. telling an employee in front of other people that he or she is fired

B. an emotionally charged email that communicates negative emotions

In the expectancy theory, valence refers to the A. individual's perceived probability that his or her performance will lead to specific outcomes. B. anticipated satisfaction or dissatisfaction that an individual feels toward an outcome. C. individual's perceived probability of performing a task at a particular level. D. amount of effort a person puts toward a known goal

B. anticipated satisfaction or dissatisfaction that an individual feels toward an outcome

Sansa and Shuki are managers at ABC Corporation. Shuki is having problems in his department due to lack of innovation. In response, he consults the corporate procedures manual and speaks with his boss about the right way to solve the problem. Sansa is also having a similar problem in her own department but decides to confront it by hosting team luncheons where she can learn new perspectives and discuss new "outside the box" ways to deal with the problem. Shuki is an example of a(n) ________ thinker. A. innovative B. convergent C. divergent D. procedural

B. convergent (Convergent thinking is calculating the conventionally accepted right answer to a logical problem)

If a dysfunctional norm is very deeply ingrained in a team, the best strategy is probably to A. supplement the existing group with one or two people having more favorable norms. B. disband the group and replace it with people having more favorable norms. C. introduce rewards that support the dysfunctional norm. D. tell the group that corporate leaders are willing to tolerate the dysfunctional norm

B. disband the group and replace it with people having more favorable norms

Which of the following fundamental drives is highly influenced by effective communication? A. the drive to defend B. the drive to bond C. the drive to acquire D. the drive to succeed

B. drive to bond

Selene and Rita are both engineers at a highly innovative technology company. They are both very creative people. Selene has 15 years of engineering background, a high need for achievement, and strong task motivation, whereas Rita prides herself on her high openness to experience, strong self-direction, and her ability to evaluate the potential usefulness of ideas. According to the characteristics of creative people, which are Selene's strongest areas? A. persistence and practical intelligence B. experience and persistence C. cognitive and practical intelligence D. independent imagination and experience

B. experience and persistence

Active listeners can improve their responding by A. keeping silent. B. keeping their feedback to themselves. C. rephrasing the speaker's ideas at appropriate breaks. D. not making eye contact

C. rephrasing the speaker's ideas at appropriate breaks

Harvey's Hot Dogs started a performance-based reward system that accurately identified employees who performed better than others. This practice improves employee motivation by A. increasing employee needs. B. improving P-to-O expectancies. C. reducing feelings of inequity. D. improving E-to-P expectancies

B. improving P-to-O expectancies

Which of the following is a way to increase employee motivation by improving the P-to-O expectancies? A. providing sufficient time and resources for employees to perform the task B. measuring employee performance accurately and distributing more valued rewards C. selecting employees with the required skills, knowledge, and motivation to perform jobs D. convincing employees that they will be able to accomplish the task

B. measuring employee performance accurately and distributing more valued rewards

Goal setting influences employee behavior and performance mainly by improving A. aptitudes and learned abilities. B. motivation and clarifying role perceptions. C. role perceptions and learned abilities. D. situational contingencies and learned abilities

B. motivation and clarifying role perceptions

Every time Lucy dropped one of the store's imported chocolates on the floor, the manager yelled at her and made her wipe up the floor. As Lucy became less nervous, she dropped fewer chocolates and the manager yelled at her much less. In time, Lucy stopped dropping chocolates altogether. What principle did the manager use to change Lucy's behavior? A. punishment B. negative reinforcement C. positive reinforcement D. extinction

B. negative reinforcement

The optimal level of difficulty of a goal A. occurs only when employees set their own goals. B. occurs when the goal is challenging but not impossible. C. is the point at which the employees exert minimal effort to achieve a certain outcome. D. is the most challenging standard of a goal that a company can possibly imagine

B. occurs when the goal is challenging but not impossible

Buffering, summarizing, and omitting are ways to A. avoid organizational risk. B. reduce information overload. C. improve communication between men and women. D. avoid the risk of flaming

B. reduce information overload

In team dynamics, process losses are best described as A. productivity losses that occur when individual members need to learn a new task. B. resources expended on team development and maintenance. C. knowledge lost when a team member leaves the organization. D. information lost due to imperfect communication among team members

B. resources expended on team development and maintenance

Perceptual defense refers to the A. defending of the solutions we propose. B. defending of the perception we have after making a decision. C. blocking out of bad news or information that threatens our self-concept. D. defending of those who agree with us when we identify a problem

C. blocking out of bad news or information that threatens our self-concept

Sofia works for a Galaxy Manufacturing Inc., where her team shares a machine and materials with another team that works a different shift. Each team is responsible for ensuring that the machine is in working order and the work area is fully stocked before handing it over to the other team at shift change. While working, Sofia begins the manufacturing process, and then passes her work along to her teammate, Amanda, to complete the next step of the process. After this, Amanda passes it along to Nick to complete the process. The way Sofia's team functions is known as A. complete interdependence. B. sequential interdependence. C. pooled interdependence. D. reciprocal interdependence

B. sequential interdependence

Which of the following types of task interdependence exists among production employees working on assembly lines? A. reciprocal interdependence B. sequential interdependence C. total independence D. pooled interdependence

B. sequential interdependence

Which of the following has the same meaning around the world? A. silence B. smiling C. shaking one's head D. raising one's eyebrows

B. smiling

The degree to which team members have collective confidence in how well they work together and the likely success of their team effort is called A. conformity. B. team efficacy. C. self-efficacy. D. Cohesion

B. team efficacy

Satisficing refers to A. a desirable outcome of decision making when several employees participate in the decision process. B. the tendency to choose an alternative that is good enough rather than the best. C. the feeling employees experience when they make the right decision. D. the feeling employees experience when they are not involved in a decision in which they would have made a valuable contribution

B. the tendency to choose an alternative that is good enough rather than the best

________ can be best defined as a conscious process of making choices among one or more alternatives with the intention of moving toward some desired state of affairs. A. Prospect theory B. Bounded rationality C. Decision making D. Divergent thinking

C. decision making

The ________ of human beings are also called primary needs. A. beliefs B. values C. drives D. attitudes

C. drives

Jake slams his finger while closing a cabinet drawer. Mandy winces and shakes her hand. This is an example of A. passive listening. B. emotional intelligence. C. emotional contagion. D. tacit knowledge

C. emotional contagion

Decision makers tend to rely on their implicit favorite when they A. select an appropriate decision style. B. want to avoid escalation of commitment. C. evaluate decision alternatives sequentially. D. want to make more creative decisions

C. evaluate decision alternatives sequentially

Which of these is the final step in the rational choice decision-making process? A. choosing the best alternative B. developing a list of solutions C. evaluating decision outcomes D. implementing the selected alternative

C. evaluating decision outcomes

Which theory of motivation is based on the idea that work effort is directed toward behaviors that people believe will lead to desired outcomes? A. four-drive theory B. equity theory C. expectancy theory D. goal setting theory

C. expectancy theory

Employees who receive a fixed amount of pay each week and feel under rewarded are most likely to A. increase their work effort. B. encourage the comparison other to decrease his or her work effort. C. reduce their work effort. D. change their comparison other

C. reduce their work effort

The unstructured and informal organizational network that is founded in social relationships rather than organizational charts or job descriptions is called the A. codebook. B. intranet. C. grapevine. D. Jargon

C. grapevine

Although there are many forms of brainwriting, what is the one common feature that each form has? A. Individuals say their ideas out loud. B. Individuals submit their ideas to the supervisor via instant messaging. C. Individuals write down their ideas. D. It produces fewer quality ideas than brainstorming

C. individuals write down their ideas

Which of the following is TRUE about calculus-based trust? A. It is mainly based on the other party's predictability. B. It can sustain a team's relationship by itself. C. It offers the lowest potential trust in organizations. D. It occurs when one party thinks, feels, and responds like the other party

C. it offers the lowest potential trust in organizations

In the context of communication barrier, ________ refers to specialized words and phrases for specific occupations or groups that are used in communication. A. semantics B. label C. jargon D. cliché

C. jargon

The drive to bond and the dynamics of social identity theory both explain why people A. engage in social loafing. B. have difficulty feeling cohesive in teams. C. join informal groups. D. tend to ignore team norms whenever possible

C. join informal groups

Edgar works on a team with four other accounting professionals within a company's accounting department. Edgar doesn't particularly agree with some of his teammates' ideas, such as leaving work early and taking long lunches. However, he works comfortably with the group because they possess top-notch accounting skills and have never let him down while working on a project together. What foundation of trust does Edgar have in this team? A. cooperative B. identification-based C. knowledge-based D. calculus-based

C. knowledge-based

The capacity of a communication medium to transmit information is referred to as A. channel frequency. B. information overload. C. media richness. D. channel diversity

C. media richness

A central feature of the communication model is the channel, also called the ________, through which information is transmitted. A. Transmitter B. message C. medium D. link

C. medium

Establishing a preset level at which the decision is abandoned or reevaluated is recommended mainly to A. minimize problem identification. B. minimize reliance on an implicit favorite. C. minimize escalation of commitment. D. avoid relying on mental models to recognize problems or opportunities

C. minimize escalation of commitment

In the context of the communication process model, ________ refers to the psychological, social, and structural barriers that distort and obscure the sender's intended message. A. voice B. cliché C. noise D. stereotype

C. noise

Ilona is a new employee at a leading IT firm. Within a few weeks, she learns that a large number of emails flood her inbox on a daily basis. She redirects emails of no significance to a junk folder. This act of redirecting emails to a folder in order to reduce information overload is an example of A. buffering. B. neglecting. C. omitting. D. Summarizing

C. omitting

Jill is a manager at a call center that recently received a lot of complaints from its customers. Her supervisor, Robert, asked her to increase the morale of her subordinates because he believed that this would result in better customer service, which in turn would increase repeat business and decrease customer complaints. Jill has decided to use the expectancy theory model to motivate her employees. If Jill wants to increase the E-to-P expectancies of her employees, she should A. distribute rewards that employees value. B. measure job performance more accurately. C. provide coaching to employees who lack self-confidence. D. describe how employees' rewards are based on past performance

C. provide coaching to employees who lack self-confidence (E-to-P expectancies can be increased by providing coaching to employees who lack self-confidence)

Employees with ________ interdependence, in which work output is exchanged back and forth among individuals, should be organized into teams to facilitate coordination in their interwoven relationship A. sequential B. pooled C. reciprocal D. total

C. reciprocal

A task force refers to any A. informal group that has the same members as the permanent task-oriented group. B. formal group whose members work permanently and spend most of their time in that team. C. temporary team formed to solve a problem, realize an opportunity, or design a product or service. D. formal group whose members must be able to perform all tasks of the team

C. temporary team formed to solve a problem, realize an opportunity, or design a product or service

How do norms affect the behavior of group members? A. They help groups move from the forming to storming stages of team development. B. They encourage members to try new behaviors not previously sanctioned by the team. C. They help groups regulate and guide the behaviors of their members. D. They encourage the members to think outside the box and provide innovative solutions

C. they help groups regulate and guide the behaviors of their members

The senior management at a leading global corporation has decided to promote a considerable number of its employees. Since its employees are spread all over the world, the top management is struggling to find an appropriate method to announce these promotions. They are keen on capturing and gauging the emotional joy and delight on the faces of those promoted. In such a case, which of the following would be the most appropriate method in announcing the promotions? A. bulletin boards B. written documents C. videoconferencing D. email

C. videoconferencing

Which of the following is a major criticism of Maslow's needs hierarchy theory? A. Physiological needs of a person are often considered a weaker need than other needs. B. The need for love and esteem do not apply to many individuals. C. People do not progress through the hierarchy as the theory predicts. D. Safety and physiological needs do not arise due to human drives

C.People do not progress through the hierarchy as the theory predicts

According to the expectancy theory, which of the following would be a way to increase an employee's E-to-P expectancy? A. Measure job performance accurately. B. Provide examples of where good performance has resulted in higher rewards. C. Distribute rewards that employees value. D. Assure the employee that he or she has the necessary competencies

D. Assure the employee that he or she has the necessary competencies

An individual's perceived probability that a particular level of effort will result in a particular level of performance is referred to as the A. E-to-P valence. B. E-to-V expectancy. C. EP-to-PO outcome. D. E-to-P expectancy

D. E-to-P expectancy

Which of the following generally occurs during the storming stage of team development? A. Members shift their attention away from task orientation to a socio-emotional focus as they realize their relationship is coming to an end. B. Members learn about each other and evaluate the benefits and costs of continued membership. C. Members learn to coordinate their actions and become more task oriented. D. Members try to establish norms of appropriate behavior and performance standards

D. Members try to establish norms of appropriate behavior and performance

________ are the motivational forces of emotions channeled toward particular goals to correct deficiencies or imbalances. A. Thoughts B. Values C. Beliefs D. Needs

D. Needs

Which of the following is TRUE about an organizational grapevine? A. The grapevine typically works by sending information downward rather than upward through the organizational hierarchy. B. The grapevine presents a true picture of reality by providing fine details to substantiate the content. C. The grapevine is usually founded on organizational charts or job descriptions rather than social relationships. D. The typical pattern of a grapevine is a cluster chain, whereby a few people actively transmit rumors to many others

D. The typical pattern of a grapevine is a cluster chain, whereby a few people actively transmit rumors to many others

Which of the following should corporate leaders do with the organizational grapevine? A. Try to use the grapevine as a channel of communication from executives to employees as much as possible because of its high speed and low cost. B. Use the grapevine when the communication requires high media richness, but otherwise use meetings when communicating with employees. C. Make every effort to destroy the grapevine, including firing employees who actively support it. D. Use the grapevine as a signal of employee anxiety and view it as a valid competitor to the company's formal communication system

D. Use the grapevine as a signal of employee anxiety and view it as a valid competitor to the company's formal communication system

Which of the following communication channels is most effective when the sender wants to persuade the receiver? A. a personalized letter to the receiver B. a formal memorandum sent to the receiver C. an informal speech to a large audience D. a personal face-to-face meeting with the receiver

D. a personal face-to-face meeting with the receiver

Intuition relies on programmed decision routines that speed up our response to pattern matches or mismatches. These programmed decision routines are referred to as A. illuminations. B. solution-focused problems. C. rational formulae. D. action scripts

D. action scripts

"Faultlines" are more likely to occur when teams A. have very few members. B. are involved in sequential interdependence. C. are highly interdependent. D. are diverse

D. are diverse

After choosing among several computer server systems, the director of information systems feels very positive about the final choice. However, some of this optimism is due to the fact that the director forgot about a few of the limitations of the chosen system and unconsciously downplays the importance of the positive features of the rejected systems. The director of information systems is engaging in A. rational choice thinking. B. escalation of commitment. C. rational maximization. D. confirmation bias

D. confirmation bias

The concept of bounded rationality holds that A. our perception of a rational reality is bounded by non rationality. B. decision makers have limited alternatives to make decisions. C. decision makers are bound to project images of themselves as rational thinkers. D. decision makers process limited and imperfect information and rarely try to select the best choice

D. decision makers process limited and imperfect information and rarely try to select the best choice

Justin is a manager at InnoApp Inc., a web-based applications company. In an attempt to promote new ideas, Justin decides to allow his engineering team to devote 15 percent of their work time to whatever projects they would like to work on and reduces their assigned workload. He then institutes a 30-minute period each morning where the team members are asked to look over their current project list for the day and develop more knowledge about a task before they move on to work on their assigned tasks. Justin is attempting to promote A. a learning-oriented culture. B. employee relations. C. employee work-life balance. D. employee creativity

D. employee creativity

Shantal recently went to a communication workshop to improve her workplace performance. She learned that in effective communication she should resist forming an opinion until the speaker has finished, then attempt to empathize with the listener, and, finally, respond effectively to the speaker. She learned techniques regarding maintaining eye contact and sending back channel signals to show interest. The skills that Shantal learned regarding empathizing with the speaker and organizing information will help her specifically in ________ the message. A. responding B. understanding C. sensing D. evaluating

D. evaluating

You have just received fresh investments for a new e-commerce business and you want to hire a dozen people with a high level of creative potential. To hire the most creative people, you would select applicants who have A. high need for affiliation, high need for achievement, and high need for social approval. B. no experience in this industry, high analytic intelligence, and relatively low need for achievement. C. strong mental models regarding their field of knowledge, high synthetic intelligence, and relatively high need for social approval. D. high degree of persistence, strong self-direction value, and relatively low need for affiliation

D. high degree of persistence, strong self-direction value, and relatively low need for affiliation

In the creative process, which of the following refers to the experience of suddenly becoming aware of a unique idea? A. Preparation B. Verification C. Incubation D. Illumination

D. illumination

Selene and Rita are both engineers at a highly innovative technology company. They are both very creative people. Selene has 15 years of engineering background, a high need for achievement, and strong task motivation, whereas Rita prides herself on her high openness to experience, strong self-direction, and her ability to evaluate the potential usefulness of ideas. According to the characteristics of creative people, which are Rita's strongest areas? A. cognitive and practical intelligence B. persistence and practical intelligence C. independent imagination and experience D. intelligence and independent imagination

D. intelligence and independent imagination

Which of the following is an advantage associated with using written communication channels in persuading people? A. It can make better use of the social perceptions of individuals. B. It can be used as a medium for emotionally rich content. C. It can be used to obtain high-quality immediate feedback. D. It is better in presenting technical details

D. it is better in presenting technical details

________ provides an explanation of why people belong to informal groups. A. Confirmation bias B. Social loafing C. Need to defend D. Social identity theory

D. social identity theory

Which of the following is TRUE at the highest level of employee involvement? A. Employees tend to disagree with each other regarding the preferred solution. B. Specific employees provide information to the management, and management makes the recommendations. C. Participation involves asking employees for information. D. The entire decision-making process is handed over to employees

D. the entire decision-making process is handed over to the employees

Social loafing occurs more A. in tasks with high interdependence. B. when employees believe the team's objective is important. C. in smaller rather than larger teams. D. when the task is boring than when it is interesting

D. when the task is boring than when it is interesting