Organizational Theory Test 2a
38. Recent surveys have reported that ______ women have experienced sexual harassment in the United States. 1 in 4 1 in 10 1 in 20 1 in 100
A. 1 in 4
6. ______ are conflicts between two or more morally unpleasant alternatives. Social quandary Ethical dilemmas Ethical quandary Moral dilemmas
B. Ethical dilemmas
26. Jordan tends to follow the law, but he also makes certain that he follows the rules associated with his profession and his place of worship. Sometimes what Jordan believes to be the right thing to do is counter to the law. Jordan is likely in what stage of morality according to Kohlberg? preconventional . conventional postconventional postmodern
C. postconventional
28. During the ______ morality stage of moral development, individual judgment is based on a chosen belief system? preconventional conventional postconventional postmodern
C. postconventional
35. ______ is the CHARACTER COUNTS! character pillar defined as, "Be sure to vote and play your part in improving the lives of the people in your community." Trustworthiness Fairness Responsibility Citizenship
D. Citizenship
22. ______ communication is the ability to transmit messages through e-mail, Skype, videoconferencing, blogs, fax, instant messaging, texting, and social networking. Oral Nonverbal Written Electronic
D. Electronic
Chapter 9 1. ______ are moral principles of duty and virtue that prescribe how we should behave. Values Ideals Standards Ethics
D. Ethics
43. Which of the following statements is true regarding leaders and information management. A. Leaders should always share information with followers as soon as they have it. B. Leaders should keep information to themselves. C. Leaders should deny having information even if they have it. D. Leaders tend to have more access to information than followers.
D. Leaders tend to have more access to information than followers.
66. Which of the following statements is true regarding social entrepreneurs? Social entrepreneurs always run for-profit businesses. Social entrepreneurs never run for-profit businesses. Social entrepreneurs run businesses that are neither for-profit nor nonprofit. Social entrepreneurs may run businesses that are for-profit or nonprofit.
D. Social entrepreneurs may run businesses that are for-profit or nonprofit.
67. Which of the following is an example of a social entrepreneur? A start-up company that makes home composting products that are affordable and transportable. A bow-tie company that makes a niche product sold through major retailers like Macy's. A face cleanser that is marketed and distributed via social media. A sales organization that takes advantage of word-of-mouth marketing and personal distribution.
A. A start-up company that makes home composting products that are affordable and transportable.
75. ______ sit at the head of the organizational structure and are responsible for overseeing top management and ensuring loyalty to shareholders. A. Boards of directors B. Ethics officers C. Chief operating officers D. Presidents
A. Boards of directors
25. ______ is the degree to which a channel allows us to easily communicate and understand information sent between people and organizations. Channel richness Instrument measure Noise Channel intenseness
A. Channel richness
50. Which of the following statements is accurate regarding research on cynicism in organizations? Cynical employees tend to be positive about their workplace when they have a supportive manager. Cynical employees tend to be even more cynical when they have a supportive manager. Cynical employees tend to be more committed and satisfied than other employees. Cynical employees tend to have higher rates of unethical behavior than other employees.
A. Cynical employees tend to be positive about their workplace when they have a supportive manager.
68. ______ is the tendency to believe your culture or ethnicity is superior to everyone else's. Ethnocentrism Altruism Narcissism Egomaniacalism
A. Ethnocentrism
59. ______ networks can help employees communicate freely with one another, build relationships, exchange opinions, and share grievances. Informal Unsubstantiated Unofficial Downward communication
A. Informal
11. Which statement is true regarding ethical behavior? Many decisions include some sort of ethical choice. Managers seldom encounter ethical dilemmas. Managers encounter ethical dilemmas but employees do not. Employees often encounter ethical dilemmas but managers always know the right answer.
A. Many decisions include some sort of ethical choice.
69. ______ communicate the company's purpose as reflected by its members. Mission statements Core values Codes of ethics Reporting and communications systems
A. Mission statements
71. Which of the following statements is true regarding codes of ethics? Most organizations have codes of ethics. Most domestic organizations, but very few global organizations, have codes of ethics. Most global organizations, but very few domestic organizations, have codes of ethics. Very few organizations have codes of ethics but they are becoming more popular.
A. Most organizations have codes of ethics.
48. Following World War II, Nazi war criminals often used the ______, claiming they were merely following orders. Nuremberg Defense German solder argument Hitler argument propaganda/paranoia defense
A. Nuremberg Defense
20. ______ communication is the ability to give and exchange information, ideas, and processes verbally, either one-on-one or as a group. Oral Nonverbal Written Electronic
A. Oral
24. Kohlberg's theory has been called into question for which of the following reasons? The underlying research is based on only teenage boys. The underlying research is based on adult decision-making, not childhood decision-making. The underlying research is based on real-life decisions that vary across people. The underlying research is based on only adult women.
A. The underlying research is based on only teenage boys.
26. Which statement below describes nonverbal communication as stated in the textbook? allows transmission of subtle messages low risk of conveying the wrong message perceived the same way by all receivers can be recorded and archived
A. allows transmission of subtle messages
45. Melinda faces an ethical dilemma. She knows that the shareholders will lose profits if she agrees to the more expensive insurance coverage, yet she also wants to do what is best for her employees. Which of the following should Melinda do based on considerations of leaders and loyalty? always do what is best for the employees always do what is best for the shareholders push the decision down to lower parts of the organization recognize that it is not uncommon for leaders to juggle a range of loyalties
A. always do what is best for the employees
9. Bohari is a student at Louisiana State University. He has just completed a Principles of Management course and received his final class grade. His professor seemed to make an error and gave him a final class grade of an "A" even though his actual grade should have been a "C." Bohari is trying to decide whether or not to let the professor know about this error. On the one hand, he needs the "A" to improve his overall GPA. However, he knows that he did not earn that "A" and it might be the right thing to tell his professor. This is an example of ______. an ethical dilemma reverse psychology corporate social responsibility Maslow's decision-making hierarchy
A. an ethical dilemma
6. According to the Shannon-Weaver communication model, the sender transmits a message through a ______. communication channel message funnel transcript pathway neurolinguistic channel
A. communication channel
7. In the communication model, the ______ is the route the message travels along. communication channel message funnel transcript pathway neurolinguistic channel
A. communication channel
11. Which element below is an example of internal noise disturbance of the communication process? complex language construction work telephone ringing loud talking
A. complex language
36. Which communication barrier can be overcome by challenging our own assumptions about other people and situations and by seeking advice from others to clarify our perceptions? differing perceptions filtering information overload emotions
A. differing perceptions
64. Eye-Eye eyeglass shop gives away one pair of glasses for every pair it sells. The problem is that the shop is not making a profit. Eye-Eye has pursued what level of corporate social responsibility over what other level of corporate social responsibility? discretionary responsibility over economic responsibility ethical responsibility over legal responsibility discretionary responsibility over legal responsibility economic responsibility over discretionary responsibility
A. discretionary responsibility over economic responsibility
4. According to the textbook, ethics ______. doesn't always give a clear answer to a moral question correlates 100% with business profits is never a matter of perception is the third most important aspect of leadership
A. doesn't always give a clear answer to a moral question
55. There are four main levels of corporate social responsibility. Which of the levels of responsibility includes a concern with providing services and products that are sold at a reasonable price? economic legal ethical discretionary
A. economic
59. In order for an organization to become socially responsible, it must first become financially sound. This statement reflects which level of corporate social responsibility? economic legal ethical discretionary
A. economic
53. The four levels of CSR are ______. economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary economic, legal, ethical, and demanded economic, legal, egalitarian, and discretionary economic, legal, ethical, and dominant
A. economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary
28. Marla owns a bridal salon. She has an overstock of last season's gowns and needs to make room for this season's dresses by the time she goes to market. Marla decides to hold a sale to liquidate the old bridal gowns. The best way for her to get the word out about the sale is to use which kind of communication? electronic nonverbal oral written
A. electronic
31. When we are stressed or angry, we are less likely to accept constructive criticism in a positive way. Which barrier of communication does this explain? emotions information overload differing perceptions filtering
A. emotions
30. When someone screens and then manipulates a message from a sender before passing it on to the intended receiver, that person has ______ the message. filtered strained differing perceptions overloaded
A. filtered
45. Miranda and Larry work as cooks at the local Fried Chicken hot spot. Miranda is the head fry cook and Larry is her assistant. When Larry says he wants to do more challenging tasks, Miranda tells the owner Willy that Larry is unhappy and will probably resign. This scenario is an example of which of the communication barriers? . filtering emotions information overload differing perceptions
A. filtering
63. A ______ is a communication network in which one individual creates and spreads untrue or inaccurate information to others through the organization. gossip chain rumor string grapevine cluster chain
A. gossip chain
37. Increased ______ is associated with information overload. headaches productivity creativity satisfaction
A. headaches
74. In ______, most messages are conveyed through body language, nonverbal cues, and the circumstances in which the communication is taking place. high-context cultures taboo context cultures low-context cultures social context cultures
A. high-context cultures
60. Fast-food workers coming together to share their grievances about low pay, teachers sharing classroom tips with each other, and students rating their professors, are all examples of an ______ communication network. informal unsubstantiated unofficial unapproved
A. informal
13. Doris and Daniel are working on a big ad campaign to get new members to join their gyms. Doris calls Daniel and tells him to spend $15,000 on TV ads. Daniel has not eaten for over 12 hr so he is having trouble concentrating on the conversation. As a result, Daniel thinks he hears Doris say "spend $50,000 on TV ads." Which concept of the communication model is highlighted in this scenario? internal source of noise failure on the part of sender chaos created in organizations external source of noise
A. internal source of noise
52. The absence of ______ can leave higher level management ignorant of what is really going on in the organization. lateral horizontal downward upward
A. lateral
53. Which flow of communication direction sends messages between and among similar hierarchical levels across organizations? lateral horizontal downward upward
A. lateral
54. Although ______ communication supports teamwork and helps build morale, it requires managerial control to minimize potential interpersonal conflict that may arise as a result of many participants collaborating at once. lateral horizontal downward upward
A. lateral
55. Roger is a department head. He is unsure about how other departments are spending their allocated flex funds. He calls a meeting with other department heads to get ideas about how the money can and cannot be spent. Roger is engaging in ______ communication. lateral horizontal downward upward
A. lateral
67. Max is a leader of a creative team at Ads-R-Us. Even though he has a creative team for making advertisements, he understands that great ideas can come from anywhere. He makes a point to let employees from other parts of the company know that their ideas are welcome. Max uses which flow of communication direction? lateral horizontal downward upward
A. lateral
25. In Kohlberg's ______ stage of morality, morality is based on obedience, self-protection, and self-interest. preconventional conventional postconventional postmodern
A. preconventional
40. One of the components to active listening, ______ means paying attention to the signals sent from the speaker. . sensing responding reasoning processing
A. sensing
41. Which component of active listening includes avoiding forming an opinion or interrupting the speaker until he or she has finished speaking? sensing responding reasoning processing
A. sensing
7. Which of the following actions has Google taken in response to concerns about AI (artificial intelligence) technologies? set up an ethics board to ensure that AI technology is not exploited made strong statements that the advancement of AI should be allowed without concern invested more money in advancing AI while others grapple with ethical issues hired a team of lawyers to make sure they can defend themselves against lawsuit
A. set up an ethics board to ensure that AI technology is not exploited
4. The sender of a message is also labeled the ______. source twitter receiver encoder
A. source
44. According to Karen Dillon, author of the HBR Guide to Office Politics, we have a tendency to surround themselves by people who ______. think like we do think differently than we do are both similar to and different from us have different value structures than we have
A. think like we do
15. Which ethical decision-making approach focuses on taking action that results in the greater good for the majority of people? utilitarian objective rights justice
A. utilitarian
16. ABC bottling is struggling financially. They may choose to outsource some of their operations overseas in order stay in business and retain most of their U.S. workforce. The downside of this decision will need to layoff dozens of employees. Which ethical decision-making approach is exemplified in this scenario? utilitarian objective rights justice
A. utilitarian
13. According to the textbook, what are two good reasons to study ethics? virtue and prudence efficiency and reputation virtue and reputation legality and reputation
A. virtue and prudence
58. Which of the following statements best represents when an organization can begin to focus on its discretionary or philanthropic responsibilities? An organization should pursue discretionary responsibility even when it is not meeting its economic requirements. An organization should pursue discretionary responsibility after it meets its economic, legal, and ethical responsibilities. An organization should pursue discretionary responsibility as long as it is meeting its economic requirements. An organization should pursue discretionary responsibility above legal responsibility.
B. An organization should pursue discretionary responsibility after it meets its economic, legal, and ethical responsibilities.
36. ______ is the CHARACTER COUNTS! character pillar defined as, "Be impartial and make decisions based on sound knowledge." Trustworthiness Fairness Responsibility Citizenship
B. Fairness
46. Which of the following statements is true about the challenges of ethical followership in organizations? Followers are not responsible for making ethical decisions in organizations. Followers do not have the same power and status as leaders, thus face different ethical challenges. Followers and leaders face the same ethical challenges in organizations. Followers face ethical challenges that are less important than challenges faced by leaders.
B. Followers do not have the same power and status as leaders, thus face different ethical challenges.
49. Which of the following statements is true about followers and obedience? Followers should exercise blind obedience when following orders. Followers must ask themselves if obedience might lead to unethical behavior. It is only the leaders' job to consider ethics when giving orders. Society accepts the belief that people are not responsible for actions when following orders.
B. Followers must ask themselves if obedience might lead to unethical behavior.
40. Studies carried out by social scientists regarding leaders and power suggest which of the following? Few people are effected when put in a powerful position. Gaining power causes some people to lack empathy. When in a powerful position, most people can detect the emotions of followers. When in a powerful position, most people pay attention to the perspectives of their followers.
B. Gaining power causes some people to lack empathy.
21. Harvard Professor Lynn Paine proposed a "moral compass" through which managers can explore the moral dimensions of their own decisions. Which of the following statements is a "lens" included in the moral compass framework? Is this decision fair to all stakeholders in the organization? Is the action worthwhile? How did the organization react to similar cases in the past? Do you have self-interest that might compromise your judgment?
B. Is the action worthwhile?
5. Which of the following is a result of corporate scandals? People have become more tolerant of perceived unethical behavior. People have become more aware of perceived unethical behavior. People have become less ethical in their approach to decision-making. People have become less aware of perceived unethical behavior.
B. People have become more aware of perceived unethical behavior.
74. According to the 2017 Navex Global Ethics & Compliance Hotline & Incident Management Benchmark Report, which of the following statements is true regarding reports to ethics hotlines? Reports have stayed the same. Reports have increased significantly. Reports have decreased significantly. Reports have become more focused on significant issues.
B. Reports have increased significantly
43. ______ is the way active listeners provide feedback to the speaker and clarify the message by repeating some of the key points at appropriate breaks. Sensing Responding Reasoning Processing
B. Responding
18. Which statement below describes oral communication? You can record and archive them. The informal nature means that the message can get lost or misunderstood. The message is often affected by technical problems. We are likely to be unaware of the message we are sending.
B. The informal nature means that the message can get lost or misunderstood.
39. Which term below is an essential skill for employees in the workplace because it allows the receiver to hear and understand the message and reassures the speaker that the message has been heard in the same terms in which it is delivered? paraphrasing active listening communication processing
B. active listening
3. What type of technology, discussed in the textbook, is bringing about ethical debate? construction artificial intelligence bio-related manufacturing
B. artificial intelligence
Chapter 10 1. Which element below is defined as the act of transmitting thoughts, processes, and ideas through a variety of channels? conveyance communication television motivation
B. communication
27. During the ______ morality stage of moral development, moral decisions are based on standards set by adult role models and societal norms? preconventional conventional postconventional postmodern
B. conventional
68. Integrity, honesty, perseverance, and accountability are commonly included in company's ______. mission statements core values code of conduct reporting and communications systems
B. core values
54. One way organizations can set a good example is through practicing ______, a business approach that delivers economic, social, and environmental benefits to stakeholders in order to contribute to sustainable development. corporate society remediation corporate social responsibility corporate sustainability corporate social remediation
B. corporate social responsibility
69. KFC's "Finger-Lickin' Good" was interpreted as "Eat your fingers off" in China. This is an example of the breakdown of ______. servant leadership cross-cultural communication diversified communication mixed communication
B. cross-cultural communication
27. Mark and Alexis have been dating a little over a year. Mark decided to send her a text message to let her know that he did not want to see her anymore. Mark used which form of communication to communicate with Alexis? verbal electronic written oral
B. electronic
46. Jones has had a bad year at work. Several employees have quit, and issues in his personal life cause him to always be in a bad mood. When Sue came to him with some critical feedback, he overreacted and said that she always acts like she is out to get him. Which communication barrier is best exemplified in this example? filtering emotions information overload differing perceptions
B. emotions
8. Merve has just witnessed her good friend steal from the company where they have worked for the past 10 years. She is worried about saying something because she knows that her friend is going through a tough time and she does not want her to lose her job. On the other hand, she is worried about her company going under, which would result in the loss of jobs for even more people. Merve is struggling with a/an ______. social quandary ethical dilemma wicked problem moral dilemma
B. ethical dilemma
12. Doris and Daniel are working on a big ad campaign to get new members to join their gyms. Doris calls Daniel and tells him to spend $15,000 on TV ads. Due to a poor cell phone connection, Daniel thinks he hears Doris say "spend $50,000 on TV ads." Which concept of the communication model is highlighted in this scenario? failure on part of sender external source of noise internal source of noise failure on part of receiver
B. external source of noise
57. What are the two main communication networks called? endorsed and unsubstantiated formal and informal approved and unapproved official and unofficial
B. formal and informal
56. There are four main levels of corporate social responsibility. Which of the levels of responsibility includes a concern with conducting business affairs in a sound and fair manner? economic legal ethical discretionary
B. legal
60. A company must make every effort to comply with legal requirements including labor law, tax regulations, environmental law, and criminal law. This statement reflects which level of corporate social responsibility? economic legal ethical discretionary
B. legal
73. In business environments operating within a ______ culture, there is less emphasis on interpersonal relationships and more on the individual. social context low-context euphemism context high-context
B. low-context
47. A recent report issues by the Japanese government revealed employees in almost one in the four companies work ______. less than employees doing similar jobs in other countries more than 80 unpaid extra hours per month more than 500 unpaid extra hours per month more than employees doing similar jobs in other countries
B. more than 80 unpaid extra hours per month
9. Which term below is used to describe anything that can impact the communications channels between the sender and the receiver? slack noise commotion distraction
B. noise
24. Which type of communication is defined as the transmission of wordless cues between people? oral nonverbal written electronic
B. nonverbal
20. Minsuh's company favored a new CEO, but his salary expectations were unfair in comparison to the rest of the employees in the organization. To hire him, the company would have to make an exception to their policy, and they refuse to do so. This example is related to which ethical decision-making approach? utilitarian objectivity rights justice
B. objectivity
31. When considering an ethical issue, which of the following does the Josephson Institute suggest be considered as part of the CHARACTER COUNTS! curriculum? take into account the interest of key stakeholders put core ethical values above financial values First consider personal financial interests. If you must violate a core principal, try to keep others from knowing.
B. put core ethical values above financial values
41. According to a 2016 report from the Economic Policy Institute, CEOs from the 350 companies studied made ______. salaries in proportion to their employees' salaries salaries over 250 times more than the average employee salaries over 1000 times more than the average employee often less than their employees as a way to give back to society
B. salaries over 250 times more than the average employee
14. Joy calls Jane and tells her to order extra bottled water in preparation for hurricane season. In this example, Joy is the ______. noise sender receiver decoder
B. sender
16. Doris and Daniel are working on an ad campaign. Doris calls Daniel and tells him to spend $15,000 on TV ads, but Daniel thinks he hears Doris say "spend $50,000 on TV ads." If we apply the communication model to this situation, Doris is the ______. noise sender receiver decoder
B. sender
5. In the communication model, the ______ transmits the message. encoder sender receiver decoder
B. sender
78. Which complicating factor of communication listed below can be described as an informal language applied in a particular context or group? idiom slang proverb euphemism
B. slang
76. Because communication often depends on ______, we tend to use different vocabulary depending on the situation or the person we are talking to. high context social context slang context low context
B. social context
77. The Japanese base their linguistic style on status and choose from three different styles to express the appropriate level of social respect. This is an example that illustrates that communication can be based on ______. high context social context proverbs conversational taboos
B. social context
81. Eli is talking to the new girl at school, Naomi. "Yo. What's up? You're like, mad chill. You're one of the coolest chicks I know. You want to turn up at the Nash tonight? Hashtag yaaaaaassssss!" Naomi thinks about going just as her Professor walks by. Eli surprisingly turns to Dr. Heinrich and says "Good morning Dr. I enjoyed your lecture this morning. Looking forward to next week's class!" Naomi is surprised by Eli's change in vocabulary. Eli exemplifies which concept that causes challenges to cross-cultural communication? high-context social context euphemism verbal dueling
B. social context
32. The first step when using the Six Pillars of Character from the CHARACTER COUNTS! curriculum for making ethical decisions is to ______. do what you believe will provide the greatest amount of good in the long run take into account the interest and well-being of all stakeholders make sure that none of the pillars are violated apply the core ethical values, the pillars, and place above all other values
B. take into account the interest and well-being of all stakeholders
73. Which of the following statements is true regarding organizational structure and ethics? A decentralized structure is more likely to inspire unethical behavior. A command and control structure is less likely to inspire unethical behavior. A command and control structure is more likely to inspire unethical behavior. There is no relationship between organizational structure and unethical behavior.
C. A command and control structure is more likely to inspire unethical behavior.
39. Which of the following statements is true regarding workplace sexual harassment? Seventy percent of men in the United States have reported experiencing workplace sexual harassment. Workplace sexual harassment only victimizes women, never men. About 10% of men in the United States report having experienced sexual harassment in the workplace. Sexual harassment in the workplace is still not considered illegal in some states.
C. About 10% of men in the United States report having experienced sexual harassment in the workplace.
42. Which of the following statements is true regarding leaders and responsibility? CEOs get to enjoy high salaries, but responsibility lies at lower levels of the organization. CEOs have managed to be less responsible and accountable than in the past. CEOs are being held to higher levels of accountability than ever before. CEO misconduct has very little impact on the long-term results for organizations.
C. CEOs are being held to higher levels of accountability than ever before.
70. ______ are a written set of guidelines that define acceptable and unacceptable behavior. Mission statements Core values Codes of ethics Reporting and communications systems
C. Codes of ethics
72. ______ depend more on explicit messages conveyed through the spoken or written word. High-context cultures Euphemism cultures Low-context cultures Social context cultures
C. Low-context cultures
14. Which of the following statements is true regarding virtue as a reason for studying ethics? Few people have learned values that steer them toward making right ethical decisions. Virtue means that doing what is ethical is a smart thing to do for profits. Most people have learned values that steer them toward making right ethical decisions. Most people have learned values that steer them toward making wrong ethical decisions.
C. Most people have learned values that steer them toward making right ethical decisions.
3. Developed in 1947, the ______ is the cornerstone of communication models and is still in use today. Channel-Source Shannon-Source Shannon-Weaver Palmer-Shannon
C. Shannon-Weaver
62. Which of the following statements is true about grapevines? They are more common when managers make employees aware of everything. They tend to communicate messages slowly among the group. They can bring about a sense of unity among the employees who communicate through them. Information shared via a grapevine tends to be true.
C. They can bring about a sense of unity among the employees who communicate through them.
65. Which of the following statements is true regarding traditional entrepreneurs? Traditional entrepreneurs start off with the intention of tackling social problems to bring about change. Traditional entrepreneurs entrench corporate social responsibility into their start-up business model. Traditional entrepreneurs start off with making profit as a goal. Traditional entrepreneurs start off with the intention of tackling environmental problems.
C. Traditional entrepreneurs start off with making profit as a goal.
17. ______ communication messages include reports, memos, and letters. Oral Nonverbal Written Electronic
C. Written
10. According to the textbook, the key to being an ethical person or organization is to ______. make sure that your network does not have any convicts or ex-convicts make sure that no one catches you doing something wrong consistently choose to do the right thing make sure that your actions parallel what the organizational culture accepts
C. consistently choose to do the right thing
52. Landon realizes he needs to deliver bad news to his boss. He is nervous, because he worries that his boss will blame him for the bad news. Which of the following courses of action should Landon take in sharing the news? deliver the bad news via e-mail deliver the bad news by phone deliver the bad news face-to-face deliver the bad news via a negative tone
C. deliver the bad news face-to-face
49. Which flow of communication direction sends messages from the upper levels of the organizational hierarchy to the lower levels? lateral horizontal downward upward
C. downward
50. Sharing information ______ provides employees with clear feedback from their superiors regarding organizational goals, developments, and strategies. It also provides a sense of involvement and minimizes doubt and insecurity about how the company is performing. lateral horizontal downward upward
C. downward
65. Pearle runs her small business with an iron fist. She feels that her employees should know on a regular basis how they are doing with regard to their performance and with reaching the strategies and goals that she has laid out. Although it sounds like a tough work environment, her employees are happy because they have a high sense of involvement and security. What flow of communication direction does Pearle's business have? lateral horizontal downward upward
C. downward
63. ABC Pharmaceuticals spent significant money on the research, marketing, and distribution of a blood clot medicine. Now that it has been on the market several years and is profitable, they plan to distribute the drug through more channels, even to international markets. They will still make a profit, but still, more people will be able to buy the drug. ABC is operating at what level of corporate social responsibility? economic legal ethical discretionary
C. ethical
70. Western cultures judging people from other cultures who use their hands to eat rather than use utensils is an example of ______. euphemism narcissism ethnocentrism altruism
C. ethnocentrism
58. Policies and procedures are examples of which type of communication network? official approved formal endorsed
C. formal
22. Which of the following is the first element in the Foursquare Protocol for ethical decision-making? identifying the differences between the present and the past analyze the situation gathering all the facts reflecting on past experiences
C. gathering all the facts
51. Cynthia is a newly promoted elementary school principal. She recognizes that many of her teachers have become dissatisfied with policies around promotions and working conditions. What is her best course of action? fire everyone who expresses dissent with these issues discourage teachers from expressing their dissent give the teachers the opportunity to express their dissent refuse promotion to anyone who expresses dissent
C. give the teachers the opportunity to express their dissent
32. Having too much information surrounding us can lead to which barrier of communication? differing perceptions filtering information overload emotions
C. information overload
34. Being able to prioritize our workload helps us make better decisions and prevents us from having which barrier of communication? differing perceptions filtering information overload emotions
C. information overload
47. When Lola finds out June is disgruntled, she is surprised. When she approaches June, June tells her she emailed her months ago about an issue and it never got resolved. The issue is important, and once June brings it up, Lola remembers receiving the message. Lola is embarrassed that she never addressed it. Which communication barrier is best exemplified in this example? filtering emotions information overload differing perceptions
C. information overload
33. Research shows that due to information overload, we are ______. less susceptible to marketing than 30 years ago less susceptible to political manipulation than 30 years ago more susceptible to marketing than 30 years ago better educated about our purchasing habits than 30 years ago
C. more susceptible to marketing than 30 years ago
29. David is on a date with Ann. He is having trouble deciding if she likes him or not because she is pleasantly talking to him and laughing at his jokes, but she is sitting with her arms folded and not making eye contact. David is confused by her ______ communication. oral electronic nonverbal misspoken
C. nonverbal
29. A mother was caught stealing diapers. Rather than arrest her, the officer asked others in his unit to contribute to a fund, and he delivered her a stock of baby supplies rather than serve a warrant. The officer is likely in what stage of morality according to Kohlberg? preconventional conventional postconventional postmodern
C. postconventional
15. Doris and Daniel are working on an ad campaign. Doris calls Daniel and tells him to spend $15,000 on TV ads, but Daniel thinks he hears Doris say "spend $50,000 on TV ads." If we apply the communication model to this situation, Daniel is the ______. noise sender receiver encoder
C. receiver
8. In the Shannon-Weaver communication model, the ______ confirms the message has been understood. encoder sender receiver decoder
C. receiver
34. Which CHARACTER COUNTS! character pillar is defined as, "Work hard, and be conscious of the way you behave and communicate toward others"? trustworthiness respect responsibility citizenship
C. responsibility
17. Which ethical decision-making approach foster decisions made on moral principles that infringe as little as possible on the entitlements of others? utilitarian objectivity rights justice
C. rights
18. Berat believes it is morally wrong to pay overseas workers low wages and decides to pay his overseas workers a wage similar to that made by his domestic workers. This example is related to which ethical decision-making approach? utilitarian objectivity rights justice
C. rights
56. At Trader Joe's, every employee from store clerk to vice president is expected to contribute ideas about how the store is run, and managers are expected to communicate to employees about the goals of the organization. What direction of communication is represented in the example? downward and lateral upward and informal upward and downward lateral and upward
C. upward and downward
82. In the United States, some rappers are known for including insults in their songs directed at other rappers. This is an example of what type of communication? diversified communication proverbs verbal dueling servant leadership
C. verbal dueling
23. Which item below is an example of electronic communication? telephone conversation gestures videoconferencing presentation
C. videoconferencing
38. ______ consists of concentrating on the true meaning of what others are saying. Communication Processing Paraphrasing Active listening
D. Active listening
75. ______ cultures value silence as a way of absorbing information and getting a sense of the people they are communicating with. Euphemism context Low-context Social context High-context
D. High-context
10. Which statement below describes noise when looking at the communication model? It is a figure of speech used to explain how the sender is feeling when giving the message. It includes only disruptions that are too loud to hear over, such as loud music or construction work. It includes only internal disturbances, like distracting thoughts when the sender receives the message. It includes both internal and external disturbances.
D. It includes both internal and external disturbances.
37. Which of the following statements is true about the challenges of ethical leadership and ethical followership in organizations? Followers have more responsibility for outcomes than do leaders. The leader is solely responsible for carrying out ethical plans in an organization. Followers are solely responsible for carrying out ethical plans in an organization. Leaders and followers should collaborate and work together to achieve goals.
D. Leaders and followers should collaborate and work together to achieve goals.
12. As stated in the textbook, which of the following companies prides itself on its ethics? Enron Wells-Fargo Bank Sketchers Tom's Shoes
D. Tom's Shoes
19. Which item below is an example of electronic communication? State of the Union Address Howard Stern radio show The New York Times a tweet from the President
D. a tweet from the President
23. Which of the following is the final element in the Foursquare Protocol for ethical decision-making? gathering all the facts reflecting on past experiences identifying the differences between the present and the past analyze the situation
D. analyze the situation
64. Which form of an informal network is defined as consisting of a group of people who broadcast information only within their group? gossip chain rumor string grapevine cluster chain
D. cluster chain
2. One of the most important roles of a manager is to encourage and nurture a collaborative working environment by effectively working through teams to ensure tasks are accomplished and organizational goals achieved. This statement describes the concept of ______. receiver disclosure conveyance communication
D. communication
48. Blake and Jade were both in the same meeting when Logan announced that the group failed to reach their monthly goals. Afterward, Blake noted that Logan was particularly negative and belittling. Jade disagreed and thought Logan presented facts as positively as he could. Which communication barrier is best exemplified in this example? filtering emotions information overload differing perceptions
D. differing perceptions
57. There are four main levels of corporate social responsibility. Which of the levels of responsibility includes a concern with going above the call of duty to benefit society? economic legal ethical discretionary
D. discretionary
61. Charitable donations, running initiatives that benefit the community, providing aid to people affected by natural disasters, or engaging in projects that have a positive impact on the environment are all examples of which level of corporate social responsibility? economic legal ethical discretionary
D. discretionary
62. Christine's purse manufacturing company has made substantial profit over the past decade. For the first few years, she reinvested all of the profit back in the business, but now she feels it is time to channel her profits toward community endeavors. She is opening a store in a rough part of town and donating money to the city to help revitalize the district. Christine is operating at what level of corporate social responsibility? economic legal ethical discretionary
D. discretionary
33. As stated in the textbook, it is rare that the core values of the Character Pillars will conflict with one another, but if this happens, ______. throw out the character pillars and focus on your own interests disregard the dilemma and take no action rank the character pillars in importance to your own goals do what you believe will provide the greatest amount of good in the long run
D. do what you believe will provide the greatest amount of good in the long run
35. Sometimes the way we interpret situations clashes with the interpretations of others, leading to confusion and misconception. Which barrier of communication does this describe? differing perceptions filtering information overload emotions
D. emotions
79. In the United States, an illegal or concealed transaction is often described as working "under the table." This is an example of which complicating factor of communication? idiom slang proverb euphemism
D. euphemism
30. Of the pillars of character needed to form the foundation for the morals required for ethical behavior, which pillar encourages decision makers to question injustices against others? respect caring citizenship fairness
D. fairness
61. Which term below is defined as the unofficial line of communication between individuals or groups? rumor string gossip chain cluster chain grapevine
D. grapevine
19. Which ethical decision-making approach advocates basing decisions on fairness? utilitarian objectivity rights justice
D. justice
71. Anthropologist Edward T. Hall studied the variety of ways different cultures use language and divided cultures into two main groups on that basis. What are the groups called? unsocial context cultures and social context cultures favorable-context cultures and unfavorable-context cultures deep context cultures and shallow context cultures low-context cultures and high-context cultures
D. low-context cultures and high-context cultures
42. When using active listening, ______ means actively understanding and remembering what is being said. sensing responding reasoning processing
D. processing
44. Which component of active listening involves looking for nonverbal cues, such as eye contact, poor posture, and tone of voice? sensing responding reasoning processing
D. processing
72. Which of the following may appear in a code of ethics? the purpose of the company deeply held beliefs that most organizational employees share rules for how to handle every ethical dilemma rules around gender and racial discrimination
D. rules around gender and racial discrimination
2. A company is ______ if it violates the basic rights of its employees and ignores health, safety, and environmental standards. unfair efficient fraudulent unethical
D. unethical
51. Which flow of communication direction sends messages from the lower levels of the organizational hierarchy to the higher levels? lateral horizontal downward upward
D. upward
66. Henry and Charlie want to create a company where their employees have a say in the processes and products that they produce. They both feel that it is important to get the opinion of people throughout the organization. They think that with their employee involvement they can improve their processes and products because they are closer to knowing the needs of the customer. Henry and Charlie use which flow of communication direction in their company? lateral horizontal downward upward
D. upward
21. Which element below is considered to be nonverbal communication? height skin color dialect vocal tone
D. vocal tone
80. While on a student study abroad trip to Kenya, Lauren visits a rural village and has lunch with the children. She asks if they use soap when they wash their hands before meals. It becomes clear that soap is not available in their village. Lauren comments that they must feel dirty. What concept relevant to cross-cultural communication does Lauren exemplify? euphemism narcissism ethnocentrism egomaniacally
c. ethnocentrism