Overview of Abdomen

Ribs ____, _____, & ____ and vertebrae ____-_____ make up the bony components fo the posterior wall.

1. 10, 11, and 12 2. vertebrae T10-L5

The _______ is the larges vein in the body and has _____ (a lot/some/no) valves.

1. IVC 2. No

The musculo-fibrous components of the abdominal wall include: the _____1_______, then the superficial fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue known as the _____2________, then the deep membranous layer of subcutaneous tissue known as the _________3_____, then the three muscles from superficial to deep ______4______, ____5_____, & _________6____. These muscles are surrounded by a layer of fascia known as the _____7__________ (_____7____) fascia. After these muscles there is a layer of membranous fascia known as ___8_________ fascia and deep to that there is a _________9______ fat layer. Then finally deep to that there is a layer known as the ____10_______ _______10_____.

1. Skin 2. Camper's Fascia 3. Scarpa Fascia 4. external oblique 5. internal oblique 6. transverse abdominis 7. investing (deep) 8. transversalis 9. extraperitoneal 10. parietal peritoneum

What are the divisions that divide the abdominal cavity into regions?

1. Subcostal plane 2. transtubercular plane 3. 2 midclavicular planes

The abdominal aorta begins at the aortic _____________ (T12) and ends at aortic ____________ at around ______ vertebrae.

1. aortic hiatus 2. aortic bifurcation 3. L4

The visceral peritoneum is sensitive to _______ and ________ stimulation while it is insensitive to __________, __________, & ________.

1. chemical and mechanical stimulation 2. touch, temperature, and pain

The esophagus passes through the diaphragm in the right ______ of the diaphragm at _______ vertebral disc.

1. crus 2. T10

What are the divisions that divide the abdominal cavity into quandrants?

1. median plane 2. transumbilical plane

The _________ is a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and has two parts the ________ and ________ peritoneum.

1. peritoneum 2. parietal 3. visceral

The hepatic veins are an anastomosis of the _____ and ________ venous systems.

1. portal 2. caval

In the hepatic portal system the blood from the GI tract passes through the _________ vein and is then processed by the ___________.

1. portal vein 2. liver

The descending aorta passes through _________ (anterior/posterior) to the diaphragm at about ________ vertebral disc.

1. posterior 2. T12

The IVC passes through the diaphragm on the _______ (right/left) side through the ______________ at the _________ vertebral disc.

1. right 2. central tendon 3. T8

The sympathetic nervous system of the abdominal viscera includes the...

1. splanchnic nerves 2. prevertebral ganglion synapses

The parasympathic nervous system of the abdominal viscera includes the...

1. vagal/sacral 2. internal visceral ganglia

What does the abdominal cavity extend superiorly up to?

4th intercostal space

_________ is excessive fluid in the peritoneal cavity due to infection, metastases, or bleeding.

Ascites

Blood from the _________ goes through the hepatic portal system.

GI tract

____________ are grooves between the ascending and descending colon and the body wall.

Gutters

The IVC begins at ________ and collects blood from the lower limbs and non portal blood from the abdomen and pelvis.

L5

The __________ cavity is a major portion of the abdominopelvic cavity.

abdominal

____________ are a result of healed wounds where unnaturally fused layers of periteoneum are due to infection.

adhesions

The abdominal cavity is separated from the throacic cavity by the ____?

diaphragm

The ____________ of the esophagus constricts the esophagus when the diaphragm contracts to prevent acid reflux.

esophageal sphincter

What are the 3 ligaments of the greater omentum?

gastrophrenic, gastroplenic and gastrocolic ligaments

The _________ (greater/lesser) omentum is four layers of peritoneum that hang from the stomach.

greater

Blood that has been processed by the liver for the hepatic portal system then is carried to the IVC by the _______.

hepatic veins

What are the two ligaments of the lesser omentum?

hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal

What are the structures that are surrounded by peritoneum referred to as?

intraperitoneal

The ___________ (greater/lesser) omentum is a double layer of peritoneum from the stomach/duodenum to the liver.

lesser

In the abdominal cavity where the parietal and visceral peritoneum come together are known as ________.

ligaments

The ___________ is the indentation between the rectus abdominis muscles.

linea alba

The _______ connects an intraperitoneal organ to the body.

mesentery

The _________ is where the mesentery comes off the body wall.

mesentery root

The __________ is the connective tissue that connects the transverse and sigmoid colons.

mesocolon

The ________ is a sac like cavity posterior to the lesser omentum.

omental busra

What connects the greater sac and the omental bursa?

omental foramen

___________ is a double layer of peritoneum from the stomach or duodenum.

omentum

What holds all of the muscular fibers of the diaphragm together?

one central tendon

When someone is standing upright fluid, pus, and tumor cells will move from the abdominal region to the pelvic region via _________

paracolic gutters

The ______ peritoneum gets its blood supply from the vessels and nerves that supply the abdominal wall it lines.

parietal

The _________ peritoneum lines the internal walls of the abdominal cavity.

parietal

The abdominal cavity continues inferiorly with the __________ cavity.

pelvic

The __________ cavity is the potential space filled with serous fluid that has no viscera in the abdomen.

peritoneal

_____________, a serous membrane that allows for organs to move freely, lines the abdominal cavity.

peritoneum

______________ is an infection/inflmmation of the peritoneal cavity.

peritonitis

What are the structures that are only covered on one surface by peritoneum referred to as?

retroperitoneal, extraperitoneal, and subperitoneal

The __________ is the indentation on the outside of the rectus abdominus muscles.

semilunar line

What are the three regions of muscle fibers of the diaphragm?

sternal, costal, and lumbar

When someone is in a supine position fluid, pus, and tumor cells will move from teh abdominopelvic region to the ______ and ______ recesses.

subphrenic and hepatorenal recesses

The _________ are the indentations that run across the rectus abdominus and usually have 3-4 of them.

tendinous intersection

The ___________ also passes posterior to the diaphragm with the descending aorta at T12.

thoracic duct

The anterior and posterior _________ trunks pass through the diaphragm with the esophagus at T10.

vagal trunks

The ________ peritoneum gets it blood and nerves from the organs it covers.

visceral

The _________ peritoneum invests the organs in the abdominal cavity.

visceral