P&C

a single application of cold should NOT extend beyond

15 to 30 minutes

acute rupture of the achilles tendon is more commonly seen in individuals between the ages of

30 to 50 years

the ligament that is often injured during a cutting, sudden deceleration, or landing in a off-balance position after a jump

ACL

"unhappy triad" involves

ACL MCL medial menisci

Hip adductors

Adductor longus adductor brevis adductor magnus

Angle of inclination

Angle of depression formed by a line drawn through the shaft of femur and a line passing through the long axis of femoral neck

posterior knee swelling may indicate all but BUT which of the following

Biceps femoris/gastroc strain

Avulsion fractures

Due to rapid, sudden acceleration and deceleration

Bursitis

Excessive friction or shear forces due to overuse

Hip Strains

Explosive movements Tensile stress from overstretching

Snapping hip syndrome

External—IT band or gluteus maximus snapping over greater trochanter during hip flexion → trochanteric bursitis Internal—iliopsoas snaps over structures deep to musculotendinous unit (e.g., iliopsoas bursa) Intra-articular—lesions of the joint (e.g., labral tear)

Muscular weakness or inflexibility, at the pelvis or foot and ankle, one side of the spine (& muscle) may develop more strongly than the other; overuse of one side such as sleeping or carrying items on one side, result of a scoliosis and pelvic tilt.

Functional (apparent)

Hip extensors

Gluteus maximus hamstrings biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus)

Active in stabilizing pelvis during single-leg support and during support phase of walking and running

Hip abductors: Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus

Iliofemoral ligament

Limits hyperextension

a traction type injury to the tibial apophysis where the patellar tendon attaches onto the tibial tuberosity

Osgood-Schlatter

Either the upper (femur) or lower (tibia) bone in one leg is actually shorter than that of the other leg

Structural (actual)

atrophy of _______ is nearly always evident in patellofemoral dysfunction

VMO(vastus medialis oblique)

Hip Sprains and Dislocations

Violent twisting actions With hip and knee flexed to 90°, force through shaft of femur

the use of ______prior to tape application will permit nonelastic tape to stick

adherent

The Q-angle is

angle between the line of quadriceps force and the patellar tendon

ASIS

anterior superior iliac spine

mesomorph

athletic; large bone

Nutation

backward rotation of the ilium on the sacrum

which of the following terms refers to a structure on both sides of the body or body part

bilateral

flatback

decrease anterior lumbar curve

all BUT which of the following are contraindications for cryotherapy

edema

which of the following best illustrates a diagnostic sign

edema

anger, depression, irritability, moodiness, and impatience are ___________signs and symptoms of anxiety in rehabilitation

emotional

which of the following is an emotional symptom associated with stress

feeling overwhelmed

what is the weakest part of the femur

femoral neck

which of the following is us NOT a common sign or symptom of psychological distress

heightened focus and concentration

lordosis

increase anterior lumbar curve

femoral triangle

inguinal ligament (superiorly), sartorius (laterally) , adductor longus (medially)

excessive or prolonged pronation is running, which leads to pain in the distal third of the medial tibial boarder not associated with a stress fracture, is typical

medial tibial stress syndrome

visual analysis of overall appearance, symmetry, general motor function, posture, and gait is called

observation

contranutation

occurs when on one side the ASISeis lower and the PSIS is higher

which of the following best describes a stage 2 tendinitis

pain during activity and does not restrict performance

an abnormal sensation characterized by numbness, tingling, or burning sensation

paresthesia

a condition in which the lateral retinaculum is tight or the vastus medialis is weak, leading to lateral excursion and pressure on the lateral facet of the patella

patellofemoral stress syndrom

creating a clinical question using the PICO format must include

patient/problem, intervention/variable of interest, comparison, and outcome

a highly specialized band of tissue on the plantar surface of the foot that provides support for the longitudinal arch is the

plantar fascia

application of elastic wraps should begin with the body part in a

position with the muscle in a shortened state with maximum contraction

PSIS

posterior superior iliac spine

the bursa mons commonly injured by compressive forces at the knee is the

preparellar

where does the inguinal ligament insert

pubic symphisis

a research study in which a group of patients is randomized into a experimental group and control group is called

randomized controlled trial

decreased skin temperature on palpation of an injury site could indicate

reduced circulation

which of the following has the greatest likelihood of causing frostbite

reusable ice bags

stains and sprains that produce moderate discomfort, tenderness, swelling, ecchymosis, detectable joint instability and/or muscle weakness are categorized as

second-degree injuries

endomorph

soft, round body; solid

in removing nonelastic tape, it is most important to

stabilize the skin while pulling the tape in a direction of natural hair growth

inversion ankle sprain results from excessive

supination

what is the disadvantage of using traditional sources of information such as textbooks and expert opinion

they are quickly outdated

which of the following best illustrates a symptom

tinnitus

hyperextension of the MTP joint of the great toe is called

turf toe

Two-joint muscles: Rectus femoris Sartorius

—active during hip flexion and knee extension —active during hip flexion and knee extension

a protocol to assist health care practitioners with identifying red flags associated with psychological distress and determining if these signs and symptoms warrant an emergency intervention is

decision making model

swayback

decrease of the anterior lumbar curve and increase in the posterior thoracic curve

which of the following are physiological effects of cyrotherapy

decreased metabolism, nerve conduction, and pain perception

an athlete who has suffered from diarrhea should be closely monitored for

dehydration

the proliferative phase of healing includes

development of new blood cells formation of fibrous tissue wound contraction

which of the following is NOT a role or responsibility of the athletic trainer relative to psychosocial concerns

diagnosing and treating psychological distress and disorders

Hip pointer

direct blow to iliac crest Common—anterior or lateral portion of crest Often from improperly fitting (or absent) hip pads

a runner reports with lateral leg pain that is point tender over the femoral condyle about 2 to 3 cm above the lateral joint line. what structure could be involved with the injury

ITB

weak external hip rotators believed to contribute to what

ITB syndrome

Hip flexors

Iliopsoas pectineus rectus femoris sartorius tensor fascia latae

for a muscle to shorten, it must

contract concentrically

conditions that force contents of the abdomen superiorly, such as obesity, pregnancy, and running are often associated, with which of the following conditions

gastroesophageal reflux

Preparation-H and Tucks Pads are used in the treatment of

hemorrhoids

Hamstrings—two-joint

hip extension and knee flexion

which of the following mental skill techniques is used to enhance performance

imagery

what is the optimal time for beginning therapeutic exercises following surgery or an injury

immediately after

a risk of suicide as assessed by a licensed mental health professional warrants

implementation of the emergency interventions protocol

kyphosis

increase in posterior thoracic curve

closed chain exercises for the knee

minisquats

therapeutic agents that enhance tissue healing while reducing pain and disability are called

modalities

which of the following is an emotion sign/symptom of anxiety in rehabilitation

moodiness

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

more common in boys than girls between 4&8 or up to 12 diminished blood supply to capital region of femur edema, necrosis, regeneration/resorption, repair

recurrent bloody diarrhea is the classic symptom of

ulcerative colitis

a 14-year-old male has sustained a MCL injury. which of the following modalities should NOT be used during the subacute phase

ultrasound

the___________of a study indicate how reproducible the results are when the measurments should be the same

validity

the beginning of the acute inflammatory phase is marked by

vasoconstriction

Piriformis strain

In some individuals, sciatic nerve passes through or above piriformis, subjecting nerve to compression from trauma, hemorrhage, or spasm

Pubofemoral ligament

Limits abduction and hyperextension

Ischiofemoral ligament

Limits extension

a research study in which two groups of patients, one that did receive the treatment/injury of interest and one that did not, are followed and an outcome of interest is measured is called

case-control study

which of the following best describes the sequence of sensations experienced during the application of cold therapy

cold, burning, aching, analgesia

the ability of a muscle to stretch is called

extensibility

stretching the _____helps decrease shortening of the plantar fascia

gastrocnemius

cold therapy is the modality of choice for acute injuries because cold therapy

inhibits prostaglandin decrease tissue metabolism decrease muscle spindle activity produces analgesia

abdominal pain with alternating constipation and diarrhea, heartburn, abdominal distention, back pain, and weakness are characteristics of

irritable bowl syndrome

scoliosis

lateral curvature of the spine

ectomorph

lean individual

serves as a conduit for the medial and lateral circumflex, but provides little support to the hip joint

ligamentum teres

when asking about the characteristics of symptoms, the athletic trainer should determine

location, onset, severity, frequency, and duration

where does the major nerve supply in the hips, pelvis, and thighs arise from

lumbar and sacral plexus

what two factors determine whether an injury occurs when a force is sustained by tissues in the human body

magnitude of forces and tissues material properties